Seed coat removal in pear accelerates embryo germination by down-regulating key genes in ABA biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Jie Qi ◽  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Zhi-Hua Xie ◽  
Xin-Ju Sun ◽  
Chao Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Seed and Embryo Germination in Ardisia crenata

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Tezuka ◽  
Hisa Yokoyama ◽  
Hideyuki Tanaka ◽  
Shuji Shiozaki ◽  
Masayuki Oda
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Temperature Water ◽  
Good Germination

Ardisia crenata is an evergreen shrub with attractive bright red berries. Although this species is usually propagated by seed, the seeds take a long time to germinate with conventional sowing methods. We investigated the germination capacity of seeds and embryos collected in different months and the effects of seed storage conditions, germination temperature, water permeability of the seed coat, and the endosperm on seed germination. Seeds and embryos collected in late September or later showed good germination rates. Seeds germinated more rapidly after longer periods of storage at low temperature (approximately 5°C), and those stored in dry conditions showed lower emergence frequency than those stored in wet conditions. Seeds germinated at 15–30°C, but not at 5–10°C. Removal of the seed coat enhanced water uptake and seed germination. Seeds with various proportions of the removed seed coat were sown on a medium supplemented with sucrose. The germination frequency increased as the size of the remaining endosperm decreased. However, the opposite results were obtained when seeds were sown on a medium without sucrose. We concluded that the optimal temperature of 25°C is the most critical factor for seed germination in A. crenata.

scholarly journals Proanthocyanidins in seed coat tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in Sapium sebiferum

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Afzal Shah ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qiaojian Wang ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Sapium Sebiferum ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Catabolic Genes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Sapium sebiferum, an ornamental and bio-energetic plant, is propagated by seed. Its seed coat contains germination inhibitors and takes a long time to stratify for germination. In this study, we discovered that the S. sebiferum seed coat (especially the tegmen) and endospermic cap (ESC) contained high levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seed coat and ESC removal induced seed germination, whereas exogenous application with seed coat extract (SCE) or PAs significantly inhibited this process, suggesting that PAs in the seed coat played a major role in regulating seed germination in S. sebiferum. We further investigated how SCE affected the expression of the seed-germination-related genes. The results showed that treatment with SCE upregulated the transcription level of the dormancy-related gene, gibberellins (GAs) suppressing genes, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling genes. SCE decreased the transcript levels of ABA catabolic genes, GAs biosynthesis genes, reactive oxygen species genes and nitrates-signalling genes. Exogenous application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, gibberellic acid, hydrogen peroxide and potassium nitrate recovered seed germination in seed-coat-extract supplemented medium. In this study, we highlighted the role of PAs, and their interactions with the other germination regulators, in the regulation of seed dormancy in S. sebiferum.

Expression of the Key Genes Involved in ABA Biosynthesis in Rice Implanted by Ion Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. F. Chen ◽  
H. Y. Ya ◽  
Y. R. Feng ◽  
Z. Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SEED COAT AND EMBRYO IN REGULATING THE EFFECT OF HEAT AND SALT STRESS ON LETTUCE SEED GERMINATION

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156b-1156
Author(s):  
James Dunlap ◽  
Brian Scully ◽  
Dawn Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Critical Range ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Lettuce Seed Germination ◽  
Expansion Force

Poor germination of lettuce seeds exposed to heat and salinity is attributed to a reduction in the capacity for embryo expansion. Ethylene and kinetin are proposed to overcome these stresses by increasing the expansion force of the embryo which ruptures the seed coat barrier to growth. To better understand the physiological mechanism regulating thermodormancy in the embryo, germination was determined for intact and decoated seeds from thermosensitive and thermotolerant varieties subjected to a critical range of temperature and salt (NaCl) stress. Although more tolerant of stress, the response of decoated seeds to ACC and kinetin was similar to the response of intact seeds. No interaction between ACC and kinetin was detected in decoated seed except under the most severe stress and in the thermosensitive variety. Heat and salt tolerance appear to be governed by the same physiological mechanism. We propose that the seed coat plays no qualitative role in the expression of lettuce seed thermodormancy. The response occurs exclusively in the embryo and may result from an inability to generate sufficient turgor pressure at supraoptimal temperatures for cell expansion.

scholarly journals Differences in seed dormancy associated with the domestication ofCucurbita maxima: elucidation of some mechanisms behind this response

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Analía B. Martínez ◽  
Verónica Lema ◽  
Aylen Capparelli ◽  
Fernando López Anido ◽  
Roberto Benech-Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Wild Genotype ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Aba Content

AbstractThis work presents the results of physiological studies developed to understand modifications linked to the reduction of seed dormancy provoked by domestication processes. The experiments performed compared wild and domesticatedCucurbitasubspecies and their hybrids developed by reciprocal crossings. Seeds of two accessions of the wild subspecies presented dormancy, but it was largely reduced in seeds from the domesticated genotype, and partially reverted in hybrids, especially in those obtained when the domesticated genotype was used as the mother plant. In addition, naked embryos of all subspecies did not display dormancy when incubation was performed at 28°C, but embryo germination was progressively reduced only in the wild genotype under decreasing incubation temperatures (22 and 16°C). In the embryos, abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were similar in both domesticated and wild subspecies, whereas in the seed coat, it was threefold higher in the wild subspecies. The naked embryos from the wild subspecies were far more responsive to ABA than those from the domesticated subspecies. These results indicate that dormancy in the wild subspecies is imposed by the seed coat tissues and that this effect is mediated by their high ABA content and the sensitivity of the embryos to ABA. These physiological aspects were apparently removed by domestication along with the temperature-dependent response for germination.

Involvement of HD-ZIP I transcription factors LcHB2 and LcHB3 in fruitlet abscission by promoting transcription of genes related to the biosynthesis of ethylene and ABA in litchi

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1600-1613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingshuai Ma ◽  
Caiqin Li ◽  
Xuming Huang ◽  
Huicong Wang ◽  
Hong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Leucine Zipper ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis ◽  
Fruitlet Abscission

Abstract Abnormal fruitlet abscission is a limiting factor in the production of litchi, an economically important fruit in Southern Asia. Both ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) induce organ abscission in plants. Although ACS/ACO and NCED genes are known to encode key enzymes required for ethylene and ABA biosynthesis, respectively, the transcriptional regulation of these genes is unclear in the process of plant organ shedding. Here, two polygalacturonase (PG) genes (LcPG1 and LcPG2) and two novel homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factors genes (LcHB2 and LcHB3) were identified as key genes associated with the fruitlet abscission in litchi. The expression of LcPG1 and LcPG2 was strongly associated with litchi fruitlet abscission, consistent with enhanced PG activity and reduced homogalacturonan content in fruitlet abscission zones (FAZs). The promoter activities of LcPG1/2 were enhanced by ethephon and ABA. In addition, the production of ethylene and ABA in fruitlets was significantly increased during fruit abscission. Consistently, expression of five genes (LcACO2, LcACO3, LcACS1, LcACS4 and LcACS7) related to ethylene biosynthesis and one gene (LcNCED3) related to ABA biosynthesis in FAZs were activated. Further, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and transient expression experiments demonstrated that both LcHB2 and LcHB3 could directly bind to the promoter of LcACO2/3, LcACS1/4/7 and LcNCED3 genes and activate their expression. Collectively, we propose that LcHB2/3 are involved in the litchi fruitlet abscission through positive regulation of ethylene and ABA biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Shading of the mother plant during seed development promotes subsequent seed germination in soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2072-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Chen ◽  
Wenguan Zhou ◽  
Han Yin ◽  
Xiaofeng Luo ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Abstract The effect of shading during seed development on subsequent germination remains largely unknown. In this study, two soybean (Glycine max) seed production systems, monocropping (MC) and maize–soybean intercropping (IC), were employed to examine the effects of shading of the mother plant on subsequent seed germination. Compared to the MC soybean seeds, which received light, the developing IC seeds were exposed to shade resulting from the taller neighboring maize plants. The IC seeds germinated faster than the MC seeds, although there was no significant difference in the thickness of the seed coat. The concentration of soluble pro-anthocyanidin in the IC seed coat was significantly lower than that in the MC seed coat. Changes in the concentrations of several types of fatty acids in IC seeds were also observed, the nature of which were consistent with the effect on germination. The expression levels of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis were down-regulated in IC seeds, while the transcription levels of the genes related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis were up-regulated. This was consistently reflected in decreased ABA concentrations and increased active GA4 concentrations in IC seeds, resulting in an increased GA4/ABA ratio. Our results thus indicated that shading of the mother plant during seed development in soybean promoted subsequent germination by mediating the biosynthesis of pro-anthocyanidins, fatty acids, and phytohormones.

Studies of Achene Dormancy in Fumitory

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry S. Jeffery ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Water Leaching ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

Fumitory (Fumaria officinalis L.) achenes were subjected to various treatments to induce germination and to study dormancy. Complete pericarp removal, partial seed coat removal, puncturing the seed coat, heat treatment, red and far-red light treatments, and germination temperature treatments did not break dormancy. Low-temperature after-ripening for 60 days at 4 C dormant fumitory achenes resulted in 90 to 95% germination. Water leaching of fumitory achenes increased the time required for successful after-ripening and the water leachate stimulated Avena coleoptile cylinder elongation. Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) embryo germination was inhibited by high concentrations of fumitory achene leachate and stimulated slightly by lower concentrations. High concentrations of the leachate inhibited epicotyl and radicle growth of pre-sprouted lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings and lower concentrations markedly stimulated radicle growth.

Factors Influencing Seed Germination of Sorbus pohuashanensis Hedl

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 758-761
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hai Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Embryo Germination ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Germination Temperature

Seed development traits of Sorbus pohuashanensis are discussed with special regard to factors influencing seed germination. The purpose of this research was to provide additional data for to suggest a method of improving seed germination in S. pohuashanensis. The limiting factors for seed germination are embryo developmental stage, seed coat (naked embryo germination was significantly higher than for intact seeds), seed hydration, and germination temperature. These results infer that for S. pohuashanesis, ptimum germination requires earlier seed collection (before dormancy intensifies), seed hydration sufficient for respiration to take place, and lower germination temperature than room temperature.

scholarly journals Proanthocyanidins in seed coat’s tegmen and endospermic cap inhibit seed germination in the bioenergy plant Sapium sebiferum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Afzal Shah ◽  
Jun Ni ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Qiaojian Wang ◽  
Wenbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Sapium Sebiferum ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Bioenergy Plant ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis

Sapium sebiferum, a highly ornamental and bioenergy plant, is propagated by seed. Its seed coat contains germination inhibitors and needs long time stratification for germination. In this experiment, we discovered that S. Sebiferum seed coat (especially tegmen) and endospermic cap contained high levels of proanthocyanidins (PAs). Seed coat and endospermic cap removal induced seed germination whereas exogenous application with seed coat extract (SCE) or PAs significantly inhibited this process, suggesting that PAs in the seed coat played a major role in regulating seed germination in S. sebiferum. We further investigated how seed coat extract affected the expression of the seed germination-related genes. The results showed that SCE treatment upregulated the transcription level of the dormancy-related gene, abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signalling genes and gibberellins (GA) suppressing genes. SCE decreased the transcript levels of ABA catabolic, GA biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrates signalling genes. Exogenous application of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), gibberellic acid (GA3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) recovered seed germination in SCE supplemented medium. In this experiment, we highlighted the role of PAs, and its interactions with the other germination regulators, in the regulation of seed dormancy in S. Sebiferum.

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