Multidimensional Factors Associated with Perceived Risk of HIV Among Sexually Experienced Individuals in Portugal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Martins ◽  
Maria Cristina Canavarro ◽  
Marco Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LIKELIHOOD OF FURTHER MOVEMENT AMONG MOBILE FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN INDIA: A MULTINOMIAL LOGIT APPROACH

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Suryawanshi ◽  
Varun Sharma ◽  
Niranjan Saggurti ◽  
Shalini Bharat
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex

SummaryFemale sex workers (FSWs) are vulnerable to HIV infection. Their socioeconomic and behavioural vulnerabilities are crucial push factors for movement for sex work. This paper assesses the factors associated with the likelihood of movement of sex workers from their current place of work. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 5498 mobile FSWs in 22 districts of high in-migration across four states in southern India. A multinomial logit model was constructed to predict the likelihood of FSWs moving from their current place of work. Ten per cent of the sampled mobile FSWs were planning to move from their current place of sex work. Educational attainment, marital status, income at current place of work, debt, sexual coercion, experience of violence and having tested for HIV and collected the results were found to be significant predictors of the likelihood of movement from the current place of work. Consistent condom use with different clients was significantly low among those planning to move. Likewise, the likelihood of movement was significantly higher among those who had any STI symptom in the last six months and those who had a high self-perceived risk of HIV. The findings highlight the need to address factors associated with movement among mobile FSWs as part of HIV prevention and access to care interventions.

scholarly journals Differential Psychological Factors Associated With Unnecessary Dental Avoidance and Attendance Behavior During the Early COVID-19 Epidemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Feng Wen ◽  
Peng Fang ◽  
Jia-xi Peng ◽  
Shengjun Wu ◽  
Xufeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Dental Attendance ◽  
Increased Risk

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is challenging the dental community to an unprecedented degree. Knowledge of the increased risk of infection in dental settings has been disseminated to the public and guidelines have been formulated to assist dental attendance decision-making. However, dental attendance behaviors incompatible with treatment need is not uncommon in clinical settings. Important gaps remain in the knowledge about how psychological factors are affecting dental attendance behaviors during the COVID-19 epidemic. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire survey was performed during February and March 2020. A total of 342 and 294 dental patients who attended and avoided dental visits, respectively, were included. The participants were classified into four groups based on dental attendance behavior and emergent/urgent dental treatment need. Bivariate analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with dental attendance. Multivariable logistic regression based on principal component scores was performed to identify major psychological constructs associated with unnecessary dental avoidance and attendance. Among all the factors explored, inability to wear masks during dental treatment (P < 0.001; effect size: 0.32) was most closely associated with the overall pattern of dental attendance among participants. Multivariable regression suggested that unnecessary dental avoidance was associated with perceived risk of infection in general and in dental settings (odds ratio [95% CI]: 0.62 [0.53, 0.72]; p < 0.001), perceived impact of COVID-19 and dental problems on general health (0.79 [0.65, 0.97]; 0.021), and personal traits such as trust and anxiety (0.77 [0.61, 0.98]; 0.038). Unnecessary dental attendance was associated with optimism toward the epidemic (1.68 [1.42, 2.01]; <0.001) and trust (1.39 [1.13, 1.74]; 0.002). Multidisciplinary efforts involving dental and medical professionals as well as psychologists are warranted to promote more widespread adoption, among the general public, of dental attendance behaviors compatible with dental treatment need during the COVID-19 epidemic.

scholarly journals Risk, Trust, and Flawed Assumptions: Vaccine Hesitancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid V. Ebrahimi ◽  
Miriam S. Johnson ◽  
Sara Ebling ◽  
Ole Myklebust Amundsen ◽  
Øyvind Halsøy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: The pace at which the present pandemic and future public health crises involving viral infections are eradicated heavily depends on the availability and routine implementation of vaccines. This process is further affected by a willingness to vaccinate, embedded in the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy. The World Health Organization has listed vaccine hesitancy among the greatest threats to global health, calling for research to identify the factors associated with this phenomenon. Methods: The present study seeks to investigate the psychological, contextual, and sociodemographic factors associated with vaccination hesitancy in a large sample of the adult population. 4571 Norwegian adults were recruited through an online survey between January 23 to February 2, 2021. Subgroup analyses and multiple logistic regression was utilized to identify the covariates of vaccine hesitancy. Results: Several subgroups hesitant toward vaccination were identified, including males, rural residents, and parents with children below 18 years of age. No differences were found between natives and non-natives, across education or age groups. Individuals preferring unmonitored media platforms (e.g., information from peers, social media, online forums, and blogs) more frequently reported hesitance towards vaccination than those relying on information obtainment from source-verified platforms. Perceived risk of vaccination, belief in the superiority of natural immunity, fear concerning significant others being infected by the virus, and trust in health officials’ dissemination of vaccine-related information were identified as key variables related to vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: Given the heterogeneous range of variables associated with vaccine hesitancy, additional strategies to eradicate vaccination fears are called for aside from campaigns targeting the spread of false information. Responding to affective reactions in addition to involving other community leaders besides government and health officials present promising approaches that may aid in combating vaccination hesitation.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the Novel COVID-19 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvir Abir ◽  
Nazmul Ahsan Kalimullah ◽  
Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu ◽  
Dewan Muhammad Nur -A Yazdani ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Target Male ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 is an infectious disease spreading through human touch. This study explored the risk perception and knowledge towards COVID-19 infection among Bangladeshi adult participants. Two self-administered online surveys were administered at two different time points from 26-31 March 2020 (Early lockdown) and 11-16 May 2020 (Late lockdown) through social media on 1005 respondents (322 and 683 participants, respectively) during COVID-19 lockdown period in Bangladesh. Univariate and multiple linear regression models were used to examine factors associated with risk perception and knowledge towards COVID-19. The mean knowledge (8.4 vs. 8.1, P=0.022) and risk perception (11.2 vs. 10.6, P < 0.001) scores differ significantly between early and late lockdown. Compared to the early lockdown period, the scores for perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 decreased significantly while public knowledge about COVID-19 was lower but not statistically significant. Female participants who practiced high quarantine particularly those who did so at the public health order during the lockdown reported increased knowledge towards the spread of COVID-19 and perceived high risk of contracting COVID-19. Education intervention using awareness to increase public knowledge and perception towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh should target male participants who practiced low quarantine and are less worried about the spread of such novel coronavirus even as the physical distancing persists.

scholarly journals An assessment of factors associated with shisha smoking among students at Evelyn Hone College, Lusaka, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Brian Loloji ◽  
Foster Munsanje ◽  
Titus Haakonde ◽  
Mwanamwaka Samanyama
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Education Campaigns ◽  
Social Environmental

Background: Shisha smoking in Zambia, referring to the way of smoking tobacco in which the vapor passes through water before inhalation, is seen as a new practice, especially among youths of 18 to 25 age group. Factors associated with this practice have not yet been established. This study aimed at assessing the factors associated with shisha smoking among students at Evelyn Hone College.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 347 Evelyn Hone College students selected using convenience sampling method. Data collection was by pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Chi-squared statistical tests were used to determine the association between the independent variables, which were demographic, social, environmental, cultural and personal factors, and the dependent variable being shisha smoking using SPSS version 18.Results: The study revealed that shisha smoking was significantly associated with age of the smoker, level of income, peer pressure and knowledge levels of the smokers on adverse effects associated with shisha smoking. These relationships were determined by the logistical regression output which showed that age [OR=1.802 (1.152-2.818), p<0.05)], friends smoke cigarette/shisha [(OR=4.417 (1.760-11.086), p<0.05)], monthly allowance/income [(OR=0.663 (0.456-0.965), p<0.05)] and perceived risk [(OR=0.084 (0.046-0.154), p<0.05)] which all showed significant association with shisha smoking.Conclusions: Interventions to reduce or quit shisha smoking among students need to have extended policies that apply to cigarette smoking. Additionally, health education campaigns against shisha smoking should as well be packaged in the anti-smoking messages targeting the youths.

Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV testing utilization among men who have sex with men in China: a cross-sectional online survey (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chun Zhang ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
He Cao ◽  
Hongbiao Chen ◽  
Tian Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Testing Service ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Testing Uptake ◽  
Sex With Men

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic creates disruptions on HIV prevention and sexual health services for men who have sex with men (MSM). OBJECTIVE This study compared HIV testing utilization in three different reference periods (i.e., before COVID-19 outbreak, after the outbreak, and after the pandemic was under initial control). Factors associated with HIV testing utilization after COVID-19 outbreak were also investigated. METHODS Participants were Chinese-speaking MSM aged ≥18 years living in Shenzhen, China. Those self-reported as HIV positive were excluded. A total of 595 participants recruited through multiple sources completed a self-administered online survey during August to September 2020. HIV testing uptake between February and July 2020 was the dependent variable, and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted. RESULTS About half of the participants reported any HIV testing uptake between February and July 2020 (n=331, 55.6%). As compared to the time before COVID-19 outbreak (November 2019 to January 2020), HIV testing uptake was significantly lower during February and April 2020 (44.0% versus 61.0%, p<.001). However, HIV testing uptake did not increase significantly after the pandemic was under initial control (May to July 2020) (46.6% versus 44.0%, p=.21). After adjusting for significant background characteristics, factors associated with higher HIV testing uptake between February and July 2020 included: 1) HIV testing uptake prior to COVID-19 outbreak (AOR: 10.75, 95%CI: 7.22, 16.02, p<.001), 2) use of sexually transmitted infections (STI) testing (AOR: 7.02, 95%CI: 4.10, 12.02, p<.001), other HIV/STI prevention (AOR: 3.15, 95%CI: 2.16, 4.60, p<.001) and PrEP (AOR: 3.58, 95%CI: 1.54, 8.34, p=.002) between February and July 2020, 3) CAI with RP (AOR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.34, 3.13, p=.001) and NRP (AOR: 2.49, 95%CI: 1.39, 4.47, p=.002), and SDU (AOR: 2.72, 95%CI: 1.50, 4.94, p=.001) between February and July 2020, 4) perceived risk of HIV infection at present was higher than the time before COVID-19 outbreak (AOR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.30, p=.03), 5) perceived COVID-19 preventive measures taken up by HIV testing service providers to be effective (AOR: 1.52, 95%CI: 1.29, 1.78, p<.001), and 6) perceived higher behavioral control to take up HIV testing after COVID-19 outbreak (AOR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.40, p=.048). Concerns about COVID-19 infection during HIV testing (AOR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.68, 0.89, p<.001), avoiding crowed places (AOR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.98, p=0.04) and HIV testing service providers reduced their working hours (AOR: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.98, p=0.046) were negatively associated with the dependent variable. CONCLUSIONS HIV testing utilization among Chinese MSM declined after COVID-19 outbreak and did not increase after the pandemic received initial control. Removing structural barriers to access HIV testing caused by COVID-19, modifying perceptions related to HIV testing, and making use of HIV self-testing might be useful strategies to improve HIV testing among MSM during the pandemic.

146 Provision of Adolescent Confidential Care in a Tertiary Care Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. e101-e102
Author(s):  
Holly Agostino
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Primary Subject area Adolescent Medicine Background Adolescents are more likely to seek care and disclose sensitive health information if confidentiality is assured. Several national societies endorse the need for confidential care at all health-related encounters with adolescents. Many adolescents have infrequent contact with the medical system other than unscheduled urgent care in pediatric hospitals. Little is known regarding the effectiveness and feasibility of providing confidential care to adolescents in a tertiary pediatric hospital setting. Objectives We sought to evaluate the frequency, quality and factors associated with the provision of confidential care to adolescent patients at a pediatric teaching hospital. Design/Methods We undertook a cross-sectional survey of adolescents presenting to an urban tertiary pediatric hospital from December 2019 to December 2020. Adolescents eligible for confidential care under Quebec legislation (aged 14-18) were recruited from a convenience sample either when presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) for low acuity visits (CTAS 3-5) or when hospitalized on the pediatric inpatient medical ward. Participants completed a standardized, self-administered electronic questionnaire regarding the confidential care provided at their initial ED or inpatient medical encounter. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the provision of confidential care. Results A total of 406 adolescents completed the survey (335 ED; 71 inpatient). The majority of respondents identified as female (233, 57.4%), white/Caucasian (260, 64.0%) and presented to the hospital with a parent (367, 90.4%). Overall, confidential care was offered to 137 (33.7%) respondents, with 95 (69.3%) accepting confidential time alone with their doctor. Among participants receiving confidential care, 43.2% endorsed that the limits of confidentiality were not reviewed, 24.2% reported that their private issues were still discussed in front of family members and 15.8% had private information that they had wished to discuss but were not asked. When offered, there was no difference between hospitalized and ED patients declining confidential care (32/100 vs. 10/37; p=0.73). The most common reasons identified for declining private time were that it was deemed unnecessary (29/42, 69.0%), perceived risk of parental conflict (8/42, 19.0%), or concerns for violation of trust by the medical team (5/42, 11.9%). Multivariable analysis found inpatient location (aOR 2.28, 1.04-5.01), female gender (aOR 2.02, 1.21-3.38), age (aOR 1.67, 1.03-2.69), psychiatric diagnosis (aOR 8.10, 1.47-44.6), resident involvement (aOR 1.96, 1.09-3.53) and overnight assessment (aOR 0.23, 0.06-0.90) were all associated with the provision of confidential care, after adjusting for patient- and hospital-level covariates. Conclusion Survey results suggest inadequate provision of confidential care in an academic pediatric hospital. Adolescents receiving confidential care were not consistently explained to regarding the limits of confidentiality, and breaches were reported in a quarter of all cases. Confidentiality-specific education initiatives are necessary to improve the frequency and quality of confidential care for adolescents in tertiary care settings.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With the Work Intention of Hospital Workers’ in South Korea During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yeonhoon Jang ◽  
Myoungsoon You ◽  
Suyoung Lee ◽  
Wangjun Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Organizational Response ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Hospital Response

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to explore factors associated with the work intention of hospital workers in the early stages of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in South Korea. Methods: An online self-reported survey was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Respondents were asked to report their perceived threat and perceived risk of infection, evaluation of hospital response, demographics, and job-related factors. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 441 employees participated in this study. Of respondents, 60% were willing to accept their work during an infectious disease outbreak and 12.5% were unwilling to accept the work. In addition, 8% of respondents reported that they had considered quitting their job, 54.4% reported that their job was dangerous, and 50.1% of respondents perceived the severity of COVID-19 as high. Perceived threat and effectiveness of hospital response were associated with hospital employees’ intention to work. Conclusions: Hospital workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study highlighted hospital workers’ perceived effectiveness of organizational response to the outbreak, and perceived threats were found to be important factors for whether they continued to work or not in the fight against the outbreak.

Factors Associated With the Role of Parents for the Prevention of Human Papillomavirus in Mexican Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 154041532092356
Author(s):  
Sandra Paloma Esparza Dávila ◽  
Raquel Alicia Benavides-Torres ◽  
María Guadalupe Moreno Monsiváis ◽  
Reyna Torres-Obregón ◽  
Jane Dimmitt Champion
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sexual Communication ◽  
Parental Role ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Role Of Parents

Background: The parental role is key for the prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) in adolescents; however, there are factors that can facilitate or inhibit its performance. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the role of parents for prevention of HPV in their adolescent children. Method: A descriptive correlational study design included a convenience sample of 582 Mexican parents, whose son or daughter, 13 to 15 years of age, was in either the second or third year of high school. Data analyses included multiple linear regression. Results: Factors related to the role of parents included knowledge about HPV ( rs = 0.180, p < .01), perceived risk to contract HPV ( rs = 0.148, p < .01), self-efficacy for sexual communication with adolescents ( rs = 0.507, p < .01), and attitude toward prevention of HPV ( rs = 0.272, p < .01). Self-efficacy for sexual communication with adolescents and attitude toward prevention of HPV positively influenced the parental role, explaining 28.8% of the variance, F(4, 577) = 59.80, p < .001. Conclusions: Parents with positive attitudes regarding prevention of HPV and who perceive self-efficacy in communicating sexuality issues with their adolescent children, develop a preventative role.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy—A Scoping Review of Literature in High-Income Countries

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Junjie Aw ◽  
Jun Jie Benjamin Seng ◽  
Sharna Si Ying Seah ◽  
Lian Leng Low
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Factors Associated

Vaccine hesitancy forms a critical barrier to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in high-income countries or regions. This review aims to summarize rates of COVID-19 hesitancy and its determinants in high-income countries or regions. A scoping review was conducted in Medline®, Embase®, CINAHL®, and Scopus® and was reported in accordance with the PRISMA-SCr checklist. The search was current as of March 2021. Studies which evaluated COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its determinants in high-income countries (US$12,536 or more GNI per capita in 2019) were included. Studies conducted in low, lower-middle, and upper-middle income countries or regions were excluded. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy were grouped into four themes (vaccine specific, individual, group, or contextual related factors). Of 2237 articles retrieved, 97 articles were included in this review. Most studies were conducted in U.S. (n = 39) and Italy (n = 9). The rates of vaccine hesitancy across high-income countries or regions ranged from 7–77.9%. 46 studies (47.4%) had rates of 30% and more. Younger age, females, not being of white ethnicity and lower education were common contextual factors associated with increased vaccine hesitancy. Lack of recent history of influenza vaccination, lower self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, lesser fear of COVID-19, believing that COVID-19 is not severe and not having chronic medical conditions were most frequently studied individual/group factors associated with increased vaccine hesitancy. Common vaccine-specific factors associated with increased vaccine hesitancy included beliefs that vaccine are not safe/effective and increased concerns about rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. Given the heterogeneity in vaccine hesitancy definitions used across studies, there is a need for standardization in its assessment. This review has summarized COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy determinants that national policymakers can use when formulating health policies related to COVID-19 vaccination.

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