scholarly journals Cytological Evidence that Both RNA and DNA May Form a Complex with the Same Protein

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia C. Littau
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Nucleoprotein Complex ◽  
Rna And Dna

Deoxyribonucleic acid can be added back to protein sites from which the original nucleic acid, ribo- or deoxyribo-, is removed. If sections of frozen-substituted ovarian follicle cells of a leafhopper are first extracted by hot trichloracetic acid to remove nucleic acids and then immersed in a solution of a commerical preparation of deoxyribonucleic acid, the nucleic acid becomes attached to nuclear and cytoplasmic sites and can be rendered visible by the Feulgen reaction. The addition occurs in certain other tissues as well. The results are discussed in relation to biochemical and other cytochemical investigations of the nucleoprotein complex.

scholarly journals Bat Red Blood Cells express Nucleic Acid Sensing Receptors and bind RNA and DNA

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Metthew Lam ◽  
Jane Dobkin ◽  
Kaitlyn A. Eckart ◽  
Ian Gereg ◽  
Andrew DiSalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Cpg Dna ◽  
Human Rbcs ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rna And Dna

Red blood cells (RBCs) demonstrate immunomodulatory capabilities through the expression of nucleic acid sensors. Little is known about bat RBCs, and no studies have examined the immune function of bat erythrocytes. Here we show that bat RBCs express the nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors TLR7 and TLR9 and bind the nucleic acid ligands, single-stranded RNA, and CpG DNA. Collectively, these data suggest that, like human RBCs, bat erythrocytes possess immune function and may be reservoirs for nucleic acids. These findings provide unique insight into bat immunity and may uncover potential mechanisms by which virulent pathogens in humans are concealed in bats.

Changes in the nucleic acid content of the uterus of sheep during involution following ovariectomy and following oestrogenic stimulation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Little ◽  
LJ Lambourne
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Rna Concentration

The concentrations of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), in ovine uterine tissue were studied to determine whether the ratio RNA/DNA might be used in the bioassay of oestrogenic activity. As the uterus decreased in size with time after ovariectomy, the concentration of DNA increased markedly, but the total content of DNA in the uterus remained constant (mean value 342 ? 8 (SE) mg). The RNA concentration of the tissue decreased during involution, with the result that a highly significant reduction of 33% in the RNA/DNA ratio occurred within 2 weeks of ovariectomy. The ratio decreased further with time. Other ewes were treated for 3 days with diethylstilboestrol dipropionate (10 µg/day), commencing 2 weeks after ovariectomy; the stage of the oestrous cycle at which the ovaries were removed had no effect on the response to the oestrogen. Changes in the nucleic acid concentrations in the uteri of these ewes, and the results obtained during involution, indicate that the RNA/DNA ratio of uterine tissue in ovariectomized ewes has potential as a basis for the bioassay of materials of low oestrogenic potency.

scholarly journals Intrastrand backbone-nucleobase interactions stabilize unwound right-handed helical structures of heteroduplexes of L-aTNA/RNA and SNA/RNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Kamiya ◽  
Tadashi Satoh ◽  
Atsuji Kodama ◽  
Tatsuya Suzuki ◽  
Keiji Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Helical Structures ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Triplex Structure ◽  
Rna And Dna

Abstract Xeno nucleic acids, which are synthetic analogues of natural nucleic acids, have potential for use in nucleic acid drugs and as orthogonal genetic biopolymers and prebiotic precursors. Although few acyclic nucleic acids can stably bind to RNA and DNA, serinol nucleic acid (SNA) and L-threoninol nucleic acid (L-aTNA) stably bind to them. Here we disclose crystal structures of RNA hybridizing with SNA and with L-aTNA. The heteroduplexes show unwound right-handed helical structures. Unlike canonical A-type duplexes, the base pairs in the heteroduplexes align perpendicularly to the helical axes, and consequently helical pitches are large. The unwound helical structures originate from interactions between nucleobases and neighbouring backbones of L-aTNA and SNA through CH–O bonds. In addition, SNA and L-aTNA form a triplex structure via C:G*G parallel Hoogsteen interactions with RNA. The unique structural features of the RNA-recognizing mode of L-aTNA and SNA should prove useful in nanotechnology, biotechnology, and basic research into prebiotic chemistry.

The reaction of the psoralens with deoxyribonucleic acid

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hearst ◽  
Stephen T. Isaacs ◽  
David Kanne ◽  
Henry Rapoport ◽  
Kenneth Straub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
High Concentrations

Psoralen photochemistry is specific for nucleic acids and is better understood at the molecular level than are all other methods of chemical modification of nucleic acids. These compounds are used both for in vivo structure analysis and for photochemotherapy since they easily penetrate both cells and virus particles. Apparently, natural selection has selected for membrane and virus penetrability during the evolution of these natural products. Most cells are unaffected by relatively high concentrations of psoralens in the absence of ultraviolet light, and the metabolites of the psoralens have thus far not created a problem. Finally, psoralens form both monoadduct and cross-links in nucleic acid helices, the yield of each being easily controlled by the conditions used during the photochemistry.

scholarly journals The degradation of nucleic acids in, and the removal of breakdown products from the small intestines of steers

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. McAllan
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Pyrimidine Nucleosides ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Serum And Urine

1. Nucleic acids and breakdown products were estimated in digesta taken from different sites in the small intestines of slaughtered steers given different diets. Amounts passing different sites were compared using cellulose as a non-digestible marker. The validity of this marker was checked with chromic oxide in some experiments. In other experiments, nucleic acids or derivatives were infused into the proximal duodenum of steers receiving diets of approximately equal proportions of flaked maize and hay. The amounts disappearing during passage through the small intestine were estimated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a non- absorbable marker.2. In the slaughter experiments the amounts of nucleic acids entering the small intestine varied with the type of diet. RNA and DNA disappeared on average, to extents of 89% and 80% respectively between the abomasum and the terminal ileum, irrespective of the diet. RNA disappearance occurred almost entirely in the proximal quarter of the small intestine, whereas that of DNA extended further along the tract.3. Nucleic acid degradation in the upper small intestine was accompanied by the transient appearance of adenosine, guanosine and pyrimidine nucleosides. These products were in greatest concentration in digesta from the first quarter of the small intestine and had generally completely disappeared by the terminal ileum.4. Of the different substances infused into the small intestine, free nucleic acids were removed to extents greater than 97%, adenine, guanine and uracil had completely disappeared, thymine and xanthine to approximately 80% and 95% and hypoxanthine and cytosine to only 51% and 48% respectively. The nucleosides adenosine and cytidine were also completely removed in the small intestine but were replaced, in part, by the catabolic products inosine plus hypoxanthine or cytosine respectively. Other nucleosides were removed to approximately half the extent of the corresponding bases.5. Serum and urine allantoin and uric acid levels were related to the amounts of purines entering the small intestines in free or bound form.

Nucleic Acids in Grass and Grass Silage

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
A B McAllan ◽  
G D Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Microbial N

Little attention has been directed at defining the ‘protein’ fraction of silages. This component is normally estimated by fractionation based on solubility characteristics and under the conditions most commonly used, nucleic acids (ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)) would appear in the protein fraction. Grasses and legumes can contain appreciable amounts of nucleic acids ranging from 11-29 and 19-53 g/kg dry matter respectively (McAllan, 1982). No information is available as to the effects of ensilage on these nucleic acids. Microbes also contain appreciable amounts of nucleic acids which can account for 150-200 gN/kg total-N of the cell and these amounts may vary according to the stage of growth. It has been suggested (Ullrich, 1982) that microbial-N contribution to the total-N content of silage is as much as 220-280 g/kg. Thus the total amount of silage ‘protein-N’ present in the form of nucleic acid-N (from both plant and microbes) could be appreciable leading to a considerable overestimation of the ‘protein’ content of the silage.

scholarly journals Nucleic acid metabolism in the ruminant

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Mcallan ◽  
R. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid Solution ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. Procedures, based on those of Schmidt & Thannhauser (1945) and Schneider (1945), for the extraction and estimation of nucleic acids in bovine digesta were examined in detail.2. Final methods which were suitable for routine determination of RNA and DNA were essentially as follows. Digesta samples were extracted in the cold, first with a solution of trichloroacetic acid in ethanol, then with aqueous trichloroacetic acid solution and finally with lipid solvents. The dried residue was hydrolysed with alkali, purified by passage through a Dowex resin, and the RNA, in the form of mononucleotides, determined by U.V. absorption. DNA was determined separately in hot perchloric acid extracts of the original dried residue by colorimetric estimation of the deoxyribose content.

scholarly journals Recent progress in non-native nucleic acid modifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 5126-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke K. McKenzie ◽  
Roberto El-Khoury ◽  
James D. Thorpe ◽  
Masad J. Damha ◽  
Marcel Hollenstein
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Synthetic Accessibility ◽  
Rna And Dna

While Nature harnesses RNA and DNA to store, read and write genetic information, the inherent programmability, synthetic accessibility and wide functionality of these nucleic acids make them attractive tools for use in a vast array of applications.

scholarly journals Changes in nucleic acid and protein levels during in vitro germ¬nation and elongation of Lilium longifforum cv. "Ace" polleni

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
William V. Dashek
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Lilium Longiflorum ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Rna Levels

While changes in nucleic acid and protein levels during germination and subsequent tube elongation have been determined for a number of pollens, they have not been extensively examined for <em>in vitro</em> grown <em>Lilium longiflorum</em>, cv. `Ace' pollen. Nucleic acids and proteins were extracted with cold trichloroacetic acrid (TCA), cold-hot TCA or cold TCA and potassium hydroxide-perchloric acid (KOH-HClO<sub>4</sub>). Following extraction, RNA, DNA and total protein were assayed colorimetrically with orcinol, diphenylamine and Folin-Phenol reagents, respectively. Extraction of 500 x g supernatants with KOH-HClO<sub>4</sub>, yielded less RNA than either of the TCA-extraction procedures which gave similar nucleic acids and protein recoveries. Whereas total protein levels decreased initially and then increased during 36 h, RNA and DNA levels rose throughout the time-course. Precipitation and quaritiation of nucleic acids and protein from homogenized and soaicated 500 x g pellets resulted in time-dependent alterations in levels of macromolecules which differed from those for 500 x g supernatants. Whereas DNA and RNA levels increased and then decreased over 36 h, total protein levels remained constant for 12 h and then declined during the : next 24 h. Addition of the data obtained for 500 x g supernatants to those for 500 x g pellets revealed that total protein levels increased 2.4 times for the first 12 h and thereafter remained constant, that RNA levels increased 9.8 times for the first 12 h and then levelled off and that the DNA content rose more than 5 times over 36 h.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on “Nucleic Acid Architectures for Therapeutics, Diagnostics, Devices and Materials”

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Halman ◽  
Kirill A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Multifunctional Platform

The use of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) offers a unique and multifunctional platform for numerous applications including therapeutics, diagnostics, nanodevices, and materials [...]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document