scholarly journals Assessment of economically valuable traits of apple varieties and features of the main elements of the technology for their cultivation in an arid climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
A A Mushinskiy ◽  
O E Merezhko ◽  
E V Aminova ◽  
S D Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Federal State ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Increase In Productivity

Abstract The purpose of the research is to create winter-hardy, large-fruited, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of apple trees of different ripening periods and their growing technology (use of a biological product) in the South Urals. The research was carried out on the basis of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery ” from 1999 to 2020. Research objects were summer apple varieties – “Orenburgskoe”, “Orenburgskoe krasnoe”, “Solntsedar” (K); winter – “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee”, “Yuzhnouralskoe” (K). The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the studies, the data obtained showed that the property of short stature as a genetic trait of resistance is transmitted to the offspring during hybridization. The varieties “Orenburgskoe pozdnee”, “Zimnee” and “Yuzhnouralskoe” showed the greatest increase in productivity embodiment experience “Evrikor Forte + 7” 2.5 l / ha by 25.4%, 24.3% and 22.2% respectively. Thus, the application of “Eurikor-Forte + 7” increased both the number of fruits and their weight, and also increased the yield of the studied varieties.

scholarly journals Biological features and economically valuable characteristics of apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00111
Author(s):  
Olga Merezhko ◽  
Evgenia Aminova ◽  
Rufina Salimova
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Federal State ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Increase In Productivity

The purpose of the research is to create winter-hardy, large-fruited, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of apple trees of different ripening periods and their growing technology (use of a biological product) in the South Urals. The research was carried out on the basis of Orenburg a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Selection and Technology Center for Horticulture and Nursery" from 1999 to 2020. Research objects were summer apple varieties – Orenburgskoe, Orenburgskoe krasnoe, Letnee polosatoe (K); winter – Orenburgskoe pozdnee, Zimnee, YUzhnoural'skoe (K). The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods. As a result of the studies, the data obtained showed that the property of short stature as a genetic trait of resistance is transmitted to the offspring during hybridization. The varieties Orenburgskoe pozdnee, Zimnee and YUzhnoural’skoe showed the greatest increase in productivity embodiment experience “Evrikor − Forte + 7” 2.5 l / ha by 25.4%, 24.3% and 22.2% respectively. Thus, the application of "Evrikor − Forte + 7" increased both the number of fruits and their weight, and also increased the yield of the studied varieties.

scholarly journals Creation of competitive varieties of melon and pumpkin with valuable economic trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
M. S. Kornilova ◽  
D. P. Kurunina ◽  
G. V. Varivoda
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties

Relevance. The soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Trans-Volga region are considered favorable for melon growing and make it possible to obtain high-quality products. The purpose of the research was to create new competitive varieties and hybrids of melon and pumpkin.Materials and methods. The object of the research is new varieties of melon and butternut pumpkin created at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station. Melon cultivar Osen and pumpkin cv. Zhemchuzhina were used as standards. The methods of creation are intervarietal hybridization, individual and mass selection. During the growing season, appropriate observations and counts were carried out.Results. As a result of many years of breeding work at the Bykovskaya cucurbits selection experimental station, a melon cultivar 251 and a pumpkin cultivar 509 have been created. both producers and consumers. Therefore, the obtained varieties were evaluated for taste, yield, resistance to biological and abiofactors of the environment, dry matter content, fruit size, fruit and pulp color. During the comparative assessment of the accessions, it was determined that the new varieties of melon and pumpkin exceed the standards in terms of the main economically valuable traits. The average yield during the study, in the melon cultivar 251, exceeded the standard by 47.8%. In the pumpkin cultivar, the average yield for three years of research exceeded the standard by 69.6%. In terms of taste, the new melon variety was at the level of the standard, the cv. Osen. A variety of butternut pumpkin exceeded the standard in all quality indicators. The susceptibility to powdery mildew in the melon cultivar varied depending on the year of research. The melon sample showed resistance to anthracnose higher than the standard by 16.4 and 18.6%, over the years of study. In the pumpkin cultivar, resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose was higher than the standard, on average by 34.9% to powdery mildew and by 28.6% to anthracnose. Thus, new varieties of melon and pumpkin meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon industry, are resistant to environmental stress factors, common diseases, and have economically valuable traits.

scholarly journals NEW SOURCES OF SEEDLESS GRAPES OF ANAPA EXPERIMENTAL STATION SELECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
I.V. Gorbunov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Seedless Grape ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Grape Varieties

It is commonly known that the share of seedless grape varieties in the total production in the country is very small. Of 106 table varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are of kishmish direction (Kishmish radiant, Korinka Russian, Yuzhnoberezhny, Yalta seedless). These varieties are in great demand, since their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article presents results of long-term research on isolation of genetic seedlessness donors among grape varieties of Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking, such as Lotos, Zhemchug of Anapa and Kishmish pink AZOS. These studies were carried out with a simultaneous complex study of economically valuable traits and annually changing weather conditions. In addition, the assessment of these varieties was carried out according to seedlessness sign intensity in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The greatest mass of rudiments of all analyzed samples was found in Kishmish pink AZOS variety, therefore, it was assigned to the third category of seedlessness, although the mass ratio of rudiments to the mass of the berry is negligible. The rest of the studied seedless grape varieties in comparison with the control variety (Radiant Kishmish) have a higher seedless class. It particularly concerns varieties such varieties as Zhemchug of Anapa and Lotus, belonging to the first and second classes of seedlessness, respectively. Along with this, a long-term work was carried out to study the yield of these varieties and their productivity (coefficients of fruiting and fertility), the phenology of plant development depending on weather conditions. In particular, it was found that high productivity parameters are observed in all the studied varieties every year; Lotus and Zhemchug of Anapa have also high yield every year. The conducted work has shown prospects for using grape varieties of Anapa Experimental Station as future seedlessness donors.

scholarly journals Growth features of apple varieties and forms with natural and compact crown types

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
A S Zemisov ◽  
A N Youshkov ◽  
N N Saveleva ◽  
L V Grigoreva ◽  
N V Borzykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Crown Shape ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Growth Features ◽  
High Degree

Abstract This research explores the compactness of apple varieties and forms with different types of crown. Orchards on semi-vigorous rootstocks with density and high density planting systems are cost-effective in modern horticulture. For making such gardens, it is necessary to have trees with special compact crown shape. They ensure the high-quality fruits production, meeting the requirements of world standards. To date the most perspective apple varieties and forms for domestic intensive gardening from the rich gene pool of the Selection and Genetic Center of Federal State Scientific Institution «I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center» are identified. Varieties of folk domestic and foreign breeding took part in the creation of new genotypes. Apple varieties and promising forms (more than 160 genotypes), including from near and far abroad selection, were used as materials for crown features studying. We conducted our study by the following indicators: tree height, crown volume, “degree of compactness” and the shoot-forming ability. We found that the genotypes Sholokhovskoye, Zvezda Artemyeva, 25-7(11), 40-9(8), 36-8(21), 40-9(6), 8-7(72), 40-9(7), 36-8(17), 62-5(140) have optimal crown parameters. We recommend their use for industrial horticulture and further breeding to create restrained growth, low-volume crown, and a high degree of compactness varieties.

scholarly journals New source material for the creation of perspective varieties of melon

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
M. S. Kornilova ◽  
V. A. Suslova ◽  
L. N. Verbitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is the main direction in melon breeding. The market for vegetables and melons and gourds is very dynamic, the demands for varieties are constantly changing, therefore, it is necessary to introduce new varieties with high taste and commercial qualities, as well as capable of producing high yields in a changing climate. The aim of the work is to produce a new melon starting material for use in the breeding process.Materials and methods. At the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station – branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific vegetable center", research was carried out from 2018 to 2020. The object of research is samples from the collection of VIR, foreign and domestic selection, hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal hybridization. Collection samples of melon were studied in the nursery of the source material: 84 samples from the VIR collection, 26 samples of domestic and foreign selection were studied.Results. As a result of the research, samples of melon with economically valuable traits were identified that meet the requirements of selection. Paired crosses with zoned varieties of local selection were carried out with them. As a result of hybridization, hybrid combinations F1 were obtained, from which the best ones were selected for further breeding work. The obtained collection samples and hybrid combinations were evaluated in terms of taste, yield, resistance to environmental abiofactors, dry matter content, large-fruited, attractive color of the fruit and pulp As a result received a new source material for the selection of new varieties and hybrids of melons with valuable economic traits. The resulting hybrid combinations of F1 melon were tested against an infectious background. Hybrid combinations with the best performance will be further studied in a breeding nursery.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL STUDYING OF PEANUT SAMPLES BY ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Bemova ◽  
◽  
Т.V. Yakusheva ◽  
М.Sh. Asfandiyarova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ripening Rate ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
In Cis

Peanut seeds are valuable nut-bearing raw materials widely used in food and confectionary industries. Unfortunately, industrial sowings of peanut in Russia are absent. Thereat it is necessary to look for new material for breeding. Conduction of ecological and geographical trials allowed finding the most productive and large-seeded samples from the VIR’s collection. The trial results also showed the significant impact of reproduction place on economically valuable traits. Thus, ripening rate is higher in Cis-caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAFNTs RAN) compared to the Kuban experimental station – a branch of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (KOS VIR).

scholarly journals USE OF HETEROSIS IN THE SELECTION OF TOMATO ON SPEED

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
N. J. Nurmatov ◽  
E. A. Jumayev
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Potato Research ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
High Effect ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Selection Of

The research was carried out at the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Vegetable-Melon Plant and Potato Research Institute in 2013-2015.mThe aim of the research was to evaluate F1 hybrids and their parental forms by early maturity and to identify the most promising combinations in the conditions of southern Uzbekistan. The studies are devoted to the selection of the parental forms of tomato of different maturation period and the creation on their basis of F1 tomato hybrids and their evaluation on a set of economically valuable traits, primarily on early maturity. The total yield was highest for Dar Zavolzhye, Chelnok, Persey, Utro-2, Slava Moldova, Gruntoviy Gribovskiy 1180, Lyana (51.4-64.4 t/ha) and F1 hybrids: Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, VIR-100 x Perseus, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Liyana, Lyana x Persey, Novichok x Slava Moldova, (76,2-90,8 t/ha). High early yield properties are distinguished in the samples of Ion-N, Lyana, Gruntovy Gribovsky 1180, Utro -2, VIR-100, Dar Zavolzhye (21.7-30.5 t/ha) and hybrid combinations Ion-N x Persey, Novichok x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Gruntoviy Gribovsky 1180 x Lyana, Lyana x Ion-N, the productivity of which for the first three harvest is 25.8-34.2 t/ha. The high effect of heterosis on the overall yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, VIR-100 x Persey, Argo x Slava Moldovy, Lyana x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Novichok x Slava Moldovy. The above hybrids exceeded the most productive parent by 21.6-33.6 t / ha. The effect of heterosis was 39.6-64.0%. A high effect of heterosis (from 107.5 to 161.2%) on early yield was noted in combinations of Novichok x Persey, Ion-N x Persey, Dar Zavolzhye x Slava Moldovy, Dar Zavolzhye x Novichok, Lyana x Ion-N. Ion-N, VIR-100, Argo, Lyana, and the Slava Moldovy are distinguished according to this important indicator of the maturity of ripening. Only three combinations of Ion-H x Persey, Ion-N x VIR-100, Lyana x IonN, with the maturity of fruit ripening 43-54%.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Malus Mill. in the collection plantings of the Experimental pomology station named after L. P. Symyrenko

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
V.V. Voloshina ◽  
V.I. Gomenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Abiotic Environmental Factors

Gene pool of apple trees of the Experimental Station of Pomology named after L. P. Symyrenko IS of NAAS of Ukraine is supported in the “field gene bank” and has more than 1260 samples. The main task that gene banks solve is to preserve the genetic diversity of plants for present and future generations of people. As a result of attracting new samples to the collection and studying the imported introduced material, the selected sources of economically valuable traits are transferred for further inclusion in the selection programs of other research institutions. The genetic potential of apple productivity and resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors is far from exhausted.

scholarly journals Anatomical and morphological traits of the okra root system and the growing practice in plastic-covered greenhouses

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
V I Terekhova ◽  
A V Konstantinovich
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Root System ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Lady’S Finger

Abstract The article presents studies of the anatomical and morphological traits of the okra root system and elements of the okra growing practice in plastic-covered greenhouses. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 on the territory of the Educational and Scientific Production Center “Vegetable Experimental Station named after V. I. Edelstein”, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. The two ways of formation were studied (1 and 2 stems). As a result of the research, the anatomical and morphological traits of the okra root system were clarified, the highest yield of okra fruits of the Lady’s Finger variety was established when plants were formed in two shoots. To obtain the highest yield of fruits, we recommend growing the Lady’s Finger variety, forming plants in 2 shoots, while the yield is 1.6 kg/m2, which is 0.2 kg/m2 higher than the yield of this variety obtained when plants were formed in 1 shoot.

Study of introduced plum varieties in the South Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
T. N. Slepneva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
G 12 ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
The Village

In the conditions of the South Urals, an economic and biological assessment of 9 plum varieties introduced from the Altai Mountains (the village of Chemal) was carried out in order to assess and identify the best ones for breeding and practical use. According to the research results, accessions with a complex of economically valuable traits were identified. Accessions G 7-126 (26.1 kg per tree) and G 9-150 (23.2 kg per tree) were the most productive in the years of research. Freezing of generative buds in the winter of 2017/2018 was observed in the accessions G 9-150, G 7-126 and amounted to 0.5 points (not more than 10 % of the buds), in the remaining variety specimens from 2.5 to 3.0 points ( buds death was 25-50 %), which led to yield reduction. Late fruit ripening period (second decade of September) was noted for the accessions G 7-126 and G 9-150, the remaining the accessions (77.8 %) have a medium late ripening period. The accession G 9-150 was distinguished for good winter hardiness, weakness, productivity, late ripening, quality and taste of fruits. Three accessions are recommended for breeding — G 12-132, G 12-150 (winter hardiness, weakness, fruit quality), G 7-126 (accession with anthocyanin color of the pulp of the fruit).

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