scholarly journals Removal of selected pesticides from water using granular activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 900 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
J Ilavský ◽  
D Barloková ◽  
M. Marton
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Sorption Material ◽  
Pesticides In Water

Abstract Pesticides are intensively used for the protection of field crops, orchards and vineyards, but they are also used in the removal of undesirable stands on non-agricultural land (railway embankments, playgrounds, handling areas, etc.), in water management (in coastal management, destruction of growths in irrigation canals), in forestry, etc. Regular application of pesticides increases their content in the aquatic environment and agricultural products. Their occurrence in water is relatively common and it follows that these substances are used in large quantities. Residues of these substances can persist in soils for 2 to 12 weeks. Due to their good solubility in water, they are easily transported from the soil to aquifers. Several methods can be used to remove pesticides from water, e.g., coagulation, filtration, precipitation, ozonation, adsorption, ion exchange, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and advanced oxidation processes. Their effectiveness varies considerably and depends mainly on the chemical nature of the pesticide being removed. This article studies adsorption on two granular activated carbons Filtrasorb 400 and Norit 1240. Mixture of the pesticide standards (acetochlor, alachlor, dimethachlor, propachlor, metazachlor and metolachlor) was added to drinking water with concentration of approximately 1 µg/L. The experiments were performed in the glass bottles with the volume of 200 mL of water. The granular activated carbons (200 mg) were added to the bottles. Subsequently these bottles were regularly stirred, and the samples were taken out at times 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 minutes. Samples were taken by pipette into the 40 ml glass vials with added thiosulphate for preservation. Analyses of target pesticides were performed in laboratories of ALS Czech Republic in Prague. LC-MS using the internal standard method was used to determine chlorinated pesticides in water samples. The adsorption efficiency of pesticides removal and the adsorption capacity of granular activated carbon depends on the time of contact of water with the material. The results showed that the efficiency of selected pesticides removal and adsorption capacity for two granular activated carbons used varied. Filtrasorb F400 proved to be a better sorption material than Norit 1240. The efficiency of this material ranged from 18 to 60%, while the efficiency of Norit 1240 was significantly lower. Adsorption capacity of activated carbons for selected pesticides and reaction kinetics of 0th, 1st, 2nd and 3rd order was also studied.

scholarly journals Electroadsorption of Bromide from Natural Water in Granular Activated Carbon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
David Ribes ◽  
Emilia Morallón ◽  
Diego Cazorla-Amorós ◽  
Francisco Osorio ◽  
María J. García-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Filter Press ◽  
Anodic Treatment ◽  
Positive Polarization ◽  
Two Stages

The adsorption and electroadsorption of bromide from natural water has been studied in a filter-press electrochemical cell using a commercial granular activated carbon as the adsorbent. During electroadsorption experiments, different voltages were applied (2 V, 3 V and 4 V) under anodic conditions. The presence of the electric field improves the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The decrease in bromide concentration observed at high potentials (3 V or 4 V) may be due to the electrochemical transformation of bromide to Br2. The anodic treatment produces a higher decrease in the concentration of bromide in the case of cathodic electroadsorption. Moreover, in this anodic electroadsorption, if the system is again put under open circuit conditions, no desorption of the bromide is produced. In the case of anodic treatment in the following adsorption process after 24 h of treatment at 3 V, a new decrease in the bromide concentration is observed as a consequence of the decrease in bromide concentration after the electrochemical stage. It can be concluded that the electroadsorption process is effective against the elimination of bromide and total bromine in water, with a content of 345 and 470 µg L−1, respectively, reaching elimination values of 46% in a single-stage electroadsorption process in bromide and total bromine. The application of the electric field to the activated carbon with a positive polarization (anodic electroadsorption) increases the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon significantly, achieving a reduction of up to 220 µg L−1 after 1 h of contact with water. The two stage process in which a previous electrochemical oxidation is incorporated before the electroadsorption stage significantly increased the efficiency from 46% in a single electroadsorption step at 3 V, to 59% in two stages.

scholarly journals Removal of organochlorine pesticides from water using virgin and regenerated granular activated carbon

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Ninkovic ◽  
Rada Petrovic ◽  
Mila Lausevic
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Saturation Point ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Public Water Systems ◽  
Derivatives Of

Public water systems use granular activated carbon in order to eliminate pesticides. After saturation, the used activated carbon is regenerated and reused in order to reduce the costs of water production and minimize waste. In this study, the adsorption of 10 different chlorinated pesticides from water using columns packed with commercial virgin and regenerated granular activated carbon was simulated in order to compare their adsorption capacities for different chlorinated pesticides. The breakthrough curves showed that chlorinated pesticides from the group of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) were poorly adsorbed, followed by cyclodiens as averagely adsorbed and the derivatives of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (DDT) as strongly absorbed. However, the adsorption capacity of regenerated granular activated carbon was considerably lower for tested pesticides compared to the virgin granular carbon. In addition, rinsing of the pesticides after the saturation point is a far more efficient process on regenerated carbon.

scholarly journals Pinecone-Derived Activated Carbons as an Effective Medium for Hydrogen Storage

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2237
Author(s):  
Sara Stelitano ◽  
Giuseppe Conte ◽  
Alfonso Policicchio ◽  
Alfredo Aloise ◽  
Giovanni Desiderio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry

Pinecones, a common biomass waste, has an interesting composition in terms of cellulose and lignine content that makes them excellent precursors in various activated carbon production processes. The synthesized, nanostructured, activated carbon materials show textural properties, a high specific surface area, and a large volume of micropores, which are all features that make them suitable for various applications ranging from the purification of water to energy storage. Amongst them, a very interesting application is hydrogen storage. For this purpose, activated carbon from pinecones were prepared using chemical activation with different KOH/precursor ratios, and their hydrogen adsorption capacity was evaluated at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 K) at pressures of up to 80 bar using a Sievert’s type volumetric apparatus. Regarding the comprehensive characterization of the samples’ textural properties, the measurement of the surface area was carried out using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, the chemical composition was investigated using wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, and the topography and long-range order was estimated using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The hydrogen adsorption properties of the activated carbon samples were measured and then fitted using the Langmuir/ Töth isotherm model to estimate the adsorption capacity at higher pressures. The results showed that chemical activation induced the formation of an optimal pore size distribution for hydrogen adsorption centered at about 0.5 nm and the proportion of micropore volume was higher than 50%, which resulted in an adsorption capacity of 5.5 wt% at 77 K and 80 bar; this was an increase of as much as 150% relative to the one predicted by the Chahine rule.

Adsorption of Soluble Metal Ions from Red Mud by Modified Activated Carbon

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1541-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Lei Zhou ◽  
Dong Yan Li ◽  
Guo Zhuo Gong ◽  
Ya Jun Tian ◽  
Yun Fa Chen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Valuable Metal ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Alumina Industry ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons ◽  
Almost All

Activated carbon was employed as the adsorption carrier for the metal ions in HCl solution of red mud, a solid waste produced in alumina industry. To improve the adsorption capacity to valuable metal ions, the activated carbon was modified by chemicals including HNO3, H2O2, H2SO4, H3PO4, NH3, Na2CO3, and tri-butyl phosphate (TBP). It was found that the modifications contributed the high adsorption capacity to almost all metal ions we focused on. In the case of TBP, remarkably higher adsorption capacity and selectivity of Sc3+ was observed. The correlation between the surface areas, IR spectra of those chemically modified activated carbons and adsorption was schemed.

Application of Carbonaceous Materials to Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fang Dong ◽  
Li Hua Zang ◽  
Qing Chao Gong ◽  
Cun Cun Chen ◽  
Cai Hong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Petroleum Coke ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Phenol Removal ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Equilibrium Studies

Low cost carbonaceous materials were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol from wastewater. The effects of adsorbents dosage, contact time and maximum adsorption capacity were investigated for granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon, petroleum coke and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT). Equilibrium studies were conducted in 50mg/L initial phenol concentration, solution pH of 5 and at temperature of 23°C. The results showed the adsorption process was fast and it reached equilibrium in 3 h. Petroleum coke and MWNT had poor adsorption which could reach the removal efficiency of phenol with 43.18% and 36.64% respectively. The granular activated carbon possessed good adsorption ability to phenol with 96.40% at the optimum dosage 5g and optimum time 90min.The powdered activated carbon was an effective adsorbent with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.32 mg/g.

Experimental validation of a test to estimate the remaining adsorption capacity of granular activated carbon for taste and odour compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifeng Huang ◽  
Zhijie Nie ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Audrey Murray ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity

A test was developed to measure the present-day adsorptive capacity of granular activated to help drinking water treatment professionals to determine when the GAC needs replacement.

Effect of Fractal Dimension of Powder Activated Carbon on SO2 Adsorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2169-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Jian Ming Xue ◽  
Yue Yang Xu ◽  
Hong Liang Wang ◽  
Chun Yuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon

Five kinds of powder activatedcarbons were studied to investigate the removal of SO2 from flue gasin a fixed bed reactor. The fractal dimension of activated carbon was determined by N2 adsorption isothermat 77Kand SO2 adsorptioncapacity was correlated with thefractal dimension. The results show thatthe activated carbons prepared from different precursors by differentactivation methods have different fractal dimension. Big differences in SO2 adsorption capacity are found between fivekinds of activated carbons. SO2 adsorption capacity increases with the fractaldimension increasing. The results indicate that the fractal dimension could be used as a indicator of SO2removal capacity on powder activated carbon.

SURFACE MODIFICATIONS OF ACTIVATED CARBON AND ITS IMPACT ON APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1830006 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATHEUS PEGO ◽  
JANAÍNA CARVALHO ◽  
DAVID GUEDES
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Corona Treatment

The main and new surface modification methods of activated carbon (AC) and their influence on application (adsorption capacity) were reviewed. Adsorption capacity is an important issue, contributing to hazardous substances environment management. According to literature, it is true that surface chemistry strongly affects adsorption capacity. Surface chemistry can be modified by several methods that lead to different activated carbon properties. Furthermore, adsorbate properties, and their relationships with surface structure, can impact adsorption properties. Surface modifications can be conducted by adding some atoms to the surface structure, making the surface more acidic or basic. Introduction of oxygen and ammonia atoms (chemical modification) are the main processes to make the surface more acidic and basic, respectively, although may bring chemical wastes to environment. Surface modification is done by chemical and physical modifications that lead activated carbons to present different properties. The main and new methods of chemical and physical modifications are compared and presented in this paper. Some new physical methods, like corona treatment, plasma discharge and microwave radiation, can be applied to cause surface modifications. Corona treatment can be a practical and new way to cause surface modification on an activated carbon surface.

Incidence of the Presence of Lead on the Elimination of Humic Substances

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 645-649
Author(s):  
Saâdia Guergazi ◽  
Mohamed Mahdi Missaoui
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon ◽  
Agitation Time

The main objective of our work is to test the performance of powder activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) in the retention of humic substances in the presence of lead. The adsorption tests conducted in synthetic solutions of distilled water. The results showed that, the removal efficiency of humic substances varies with the agitation time was obtained maximum efficiency after 180 minutes for PAC and 300 for the GAC. However, on granular activated carbon (GAC) recorded an improvement in the removal of humic substances in the order of 1.60%. The reaction rate is the same for the activated carbon powder (PAC). By against, for the GAC the removal rate of humic substances in the presence of lead is slower. A comparison between our results with the absorption of humic substances without the presence of lead showed that the elimination of humic substances (10 mg/l) in the presence of lead (5mg/l) on powder activated carbon (1 g/L) is disturbed. The removal efficiencies decrease with the increase on the pH of medium in an interval ranging from 2 to 12.The variation of the mass of lead has recorded an inhibiting role in the adsorption of humic substances for both activated carbons.

Effects of molecular oxygen on GAC adsorption of energetics

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. VanderLoop ◽  
Makram T. Suidan ◽  
Sandra R. Berchtold ◽  
Moustafa A. Moteleb ◽  
Stephen W. Maloney
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Gac Adsorption

Munitions wastewaters are commonly treated by granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption followed by incineration of the spent carbon. The design of effective GAC unit processes hinges on the knowledge of GAC adsorption capacity for the compounds of interest as well as the types of chemical interactions to expect. GAC can often catalyze polymerization or chemical degradation of the adsorbate in the presence of molecular oxygen. Some adsorbates, though less common, may be subject to catalytic activity even when no molecular oxygen is present. The products of these interactions may enhance or interfere with effective waste treatment. This study individually evaluated the adsorption properties of a variety of energetics compounds. A number of surface catalyzed polymerization and degradation reactions were noted.

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