scholarly journals Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles Using Aspergillus Niger and Their Efficacy Against Pathogenic Staphylococcus Aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
Abdalmohaimen Mohammed Suood ◽  
Mahmood Khalaf Saleh ◽  
Karkaz Mohammed Thalij
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Average Size ◽  
20 Nm

Abstract The attention has been paid in recent years to the biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and their important in medical applications. This study was conducted to synthesis of CuNPs using Aspergillus niger supernatant, study its characteristic and their antibacterial activity alone or with Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds infection. Then, its activity on the healing wounds was experimentally induced with Staphylococcus aureus using laboratory Hamster., followed by assaying of some blood parameters. The results indicated that Aspergillus niger supernatant was optimal for converting the CuNO3 to produce of CuNPs. The CuNPs were confirmed by UV spectrum, revealed an absorption at 225 nm, and the average size was by 20 nm after assay with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mixing between CuNPs and ciprofloxacin had increased by 60% in the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, more than for single inhibition activity of each treatment. The CuNPs or ciprofloxacin singly or in combination treated of induced experimentally contaminated wounds with Staphylococcus aureus appeared that synergism healing effects of the mixed treated with a short time compared with single treatments. The treatment of induced wounds with Staphylococcus aureus were significantly (p<0.05) increased in number of the WBCs and decreased of platelets number. While, the treatments with CuNPs or Ciprofloxacin singly or in combination were not significantly different with the same parameters in control group. Furthermore, the Hb, RBCs and PCV were not significantly different in all treatments. Furthermore, the values of urea and creatinine further of the IgG and IgA for all animals’ groups were reduced compared with the same values in infections animal group., GOT, GPT of liver enzymes values.were also showed a significant decreasing.

Synthesis of Chalcones and Nucleosides Incorporating [1, 3, 4]Oxadiazolenone Core and Evaluation of their Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-679
Author(s):  
Alok K. Srivastava ◽  
Lokesh K. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity

Background: [1, 3, 4]oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of a variety of benzaldehyde derivatives, obtained from oxidation of substituted 5-(3/6 substituted-4-Methylphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one and various substituted acetophenone. The resultant chalcones were coupled with penta-O-acetylglucopyranose followed by deacetylation to get [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones and nucleosides. Various analytical techniques viz IR, NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis were used to confirm the structure of the synthesised compounds.The compounds were targeted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum for antifungal activity. Methods: A mixture of Acid hydrazides (3.0 mmol) and N, Nʹ- carbonyl diimidazole (3.3 mmol) in 15 mL of dioxane was refluxed to afford substituted [1, 3, 4]-oxadiazole-2(3H)-one. The resulted [1, 3, 4]- oxadiazole-2(3H)-one (1.42 mmol) was oxidized with Chromyl chloride (1.5 mL) in 20 mL of carbon tetra chloride and condensed with acetophenones (1.42 mmol) to get chalcones 4. The equimolar ratio of obtained chalcones 4 and β -D-1,2,3,4,6- penta-O-acetylglucopyranose in presence of iodine was refluxed to get nucleosides 5. The [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core containing chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were tested to determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value with the experimental procedure of Benson using disc-diffusion method. All compounds were tested at concentration of 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.31 mg/mL and 0.15 mg/mL for antifungal activity against three strains of pathogenic fungi Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus), Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) and for antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli (E. coli), and two Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis(B. subtilis). Result: The chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 were screened for antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis whereas antifungal activity against A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas compounds 5a-t containing glucose moiety showed better activity against fungi. The glucose moiety of compounds 5 helps to enter into the cell wall of fungi and control the cell growth. Conclusion: Chalcones 4 and nucleosides 5 incorporating [1, 3, 4] oxadiazolenone core were synthesized and characterized by various spectral techniques and elemental analysis. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against three fungi; viz. A. flavus, A. niger and F. oxysporum. In addition to this, synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria E. Coli and gram positive bacteria S. aureus, B. subtilis. Compounds 4a-t showed good antibacterial activity whereas 5a-t showed better activity against fungi.

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Some Novel 5-Substituted-1,10b-dihydroimidazole[1,2-c]quinazoline Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5406-5411
Author(s):  
Haribhai Rabari ◽  
Hetal Vankar ◽  
Beenkumar Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Quinazoline Derivatives

The emergence of multidrug microbial resistance is the main challenges that the modern scientists have so far been facing in the recent era. In this respect, new series of drug classes having potential to give antimicrobial effect have been synthesized. A new series of 5- substituted-1,10 b-dihydroimidazole[1,2-c]quinazoline derivatives 8a-e have been synthesized and screened for antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. Synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, MASS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Synthesized compounds show good activity, which was comparable to the standard drug and it can be useful for the further clinical study. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against four different pathogenic bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudo-monas aeruginosa. Among the screened compounds, 8e show good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with MIC of 50 and 100 μg/ml respectively. Antifungal activity was evaluated  against two strains of fungi. Among the synthesized derivates, compound 8c was emerged out as the potent antifungal compound against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger with MIC of 25 μg/ml and 75μg/ml respectively. Compound 8e also shows good antifungal activity with MIC of 50 μg/ml against both Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The overall results of this study indicated that  synthesized quinazoline derivatives had the potential to act as an antibacterial and antifungal agent, hence further investigation is warranted.

scholarly journals Melanin properties at the different stages towards life cycle of the fly Hermetia illucens

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Ushakova ◽  
A. E. Dontsov ◽  
N. L. Sakina ◽  
E. S. Brodsky ◽  
I. A. Ratnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Test Cultures

<p>Eumelanin type pigments are synthesized at all the stages of the life cycle of the fly Hermetia illucens: in the larvae, pre-pupae,<br />pupae and adult flies (dead flies). The greatest content of melanin was recorded in the cuticles. Melanin was present not only<br />in the cuticle, hence it remained in the cuticle after the emergence of the adult fly. It was also found in the insect body in a<br />complex with lipids. In pupae, it is mostly lauric acid that was associated with melanin. Its proportion in the melanin-chitosan<br />complex was 80%. The isolated melanin-chitosan complex of adult flies showed a wide range of antibacterial activity, inhibiting<br />the growth of 21 out of the 25 of the test cultures. The melanin-chitosan complex of empty pupal membranes and alcohol<br />suspension of pupal melanin inhibited twice as smaller number of test cultures and the above activity was absolutely in the<br />pupal chitosan. The largest zone of growth inhibition was recorded with respect to Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans,<br />salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alcohol suspension of pupal melanin inhibited the growth of 10 test cultures. In this<br />case the greatest activity was shown in relation to Mycobacterium B5 and Acinetobacter sp. 1182.</p>

scholarly journals Study on the extraction and antibacterial activity of Monascin

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 02061
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Gao ◽  
Xiaoshi Lu ◽  
Zifeng Wang ◽  
Guangpeng Liu ◽  
Xinjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extraction ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

Taking monascin as the research object, monascin was extracted from red kojic rice by ethanol extraction and extracted with 60%, 70% and 80% ethanol respectively. Finally, it was concluded that when the concentration of ethanol was 70%, the extraction rate of monascin was the highest, reached 75.68%. The bacteriostatic experiments of monascin extract and monascin fermentation showed that it had strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, weak inhibitory ability on Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, and no obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

scholarly journals Citrus hystrix D.C Juice Inhibits The Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Novina Kusumawardhani ◽  
Anny Thuraidah ◽  
Nurlailah Nurlailah
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
The People

Citrus hystrix D.C. is a citrus-type citrus tribal plant, one of the most favored and developed fruits by the people of South Kalimantan Indonesia. Citrus hystrix D.C. contains useful chemical compounds, one of which is flavonoids, which function as antibacterial and play a critical role in inhibiting bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Citrus hystrix D.C. juice at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentration on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This research is experimental with Posttest Only Control Group Design. The material used was local Citrus hystrix D.C., fresh and clean green, obtained from the Astambul area, Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Indonesia. The results showed that there was a zone of inhibition of Citrus hystrix D.C. juice on Staphylococcus aureus growth which began at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations of 13.75mm, 17.25mm, 19.75mm, and 21.75mm, so it can conclude that the juice of Citrus hystrix D.C. influences the growth of Staphylococcus aureus which has the largest inhibitory zone at a concentration of 100%.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Nita Parisa ◽  
Rahma Nur Islami ◽  
Ella Amalia ◽  
Mariana Mariana ◽  
Riana Sari Puspita Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Burmannii

Abstract   Infectious disease is one of the most common diseases in the world. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are two common causes of infection and are resistant to many antibiotics, so the new agents are needed to overcome antibiotic resistance. Cinnamon is often used as a preservative because it has antibacterial activity. Cinnamomum burmannii is kind of native cinnamon from Indonesia. The antimicrobial active compounds cinnamaldehyde and eugenol are the main reasons for its antibacterial activity. This study observed the efficacy of the cinnamon extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An experimental study, in vitro using Post-test Only Control Group Designed, has been done in Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University. Cinnamon was extracted, then tested for its antibacterial activity using well diffusion and serial dilution to determine diameter of inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical tests were also conducted to determine the antibacterial compounds of cinnamon extract. Ethanol extract of cinnamon was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with MBC 5% and inihibitory zone 6,84±0,68 mm and Escherichia coli with MBC 10% and inhibitory zone 5,69±0,69 mm. Cinnamon extract which has the greatest effectiveness is concentration of 40% with inhibition zone 15,69±0,80 mm (Staphylococcus aureus) and 9,63±0,59 mm (Escherichia coli). This ability is due to the antibacterial compounds as evidenced by positive results in various phytochemical tests. Cinnamon extract is effective as antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro.   Keywords: efficacy, antibacterial, Cinnamomum burmannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Acylated Chitosan

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1107-1110
Author(s):  
Jiang Tao Wang ◽  
Zi Ru Lian
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Chitosan, a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic polymer, is prepared from chitin, which is the second most naturally occurring biopolymer after cellulose. Sorbyl chitosan and p-aminobenzoyl chitosan were synthesized working under high-intensity ultrasound and their antimicrobial properties were analyzed against Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The results indicated that the products had the effect of bacteriostasis and the antibacterial activity increased with increasing the concentration. Acylated chitosan had better inhibiting effect on S. aureus than others. It was also found that the antifungal activities of the derivatives were stronger than that of chitosan.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Potential of Extract Citrus Hystrix D.C.Leaf Powder on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elfira Maulidah ◽  
Anny Thuraidah ◽  
Leka Lutpiatina
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Activity Test

Infectious diseases can be caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. Treatment of infectious diseases can use antibiotics. However, antibiotics can cause side effects on users. Kuit Lime leaf (Citrus hystrix D.C.) contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids used as antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the bactericidal potential of the kuit lime leaf extract powder on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The type of research used is the experiment, and the research design used is the Posttest Only Control Group Design. The antibacterial activity test used was the liquid dilution of MIC and MBC. The results showed the MIC of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi was 180 mg/mL and 120 mg/mL, while the MBC results against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi are 190 mg/mL and 130 mg/mL. Data analysis in this research conducted descriptively. Based on descriptive analysis, it concluded that the bactericidal potential of the powdered extract of kuit lime against Staphylococcus aureus is at a concentration of 190 mg/mL and Salmonella typhi at a concentration of 130 mg/mL.

Assessment of the antibacterial activity of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) herbal extracts as an alternative to antibiotics use during post-hatching period of chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Rafał Kędzia ◽  
Marcin Lis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Herbal Extracts

Bacterial infections of newly hatched chicks are the most common cause of their death in the initial period of rearing. These infections are always treated with antibiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against bacterial infections i.e. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonice in comparison to antibiotics. The results of the microbiological analyses showed that the Castanea sativa and Syzygium aromaticum extracts had a slighter antibacterial activity in comparison to antibiotics. The diameter of zone inhibition of the culture's growth of gram-negative bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) was 6-13 mm for these extracts in comparison to 15-30 mm for antibiotics. However, some bacterial strains presented full resistance to the selected antibiotics, e.g., wild strains of Enterobacteriaceae to amoxicillin or Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis to florfenicol, colistin, and doxycycline. In the second experiment, the effect of the herbal extract mixture added into drinking water on the growth and mortality of chicken broiler during the first rearing week was investigated. There was found that the use of herbal extracts improved the chickens’ body weight (157.4 g; P≤0.008) and decreased mortality rate (2.4%) compared to the control group (144.1 g and 3.9%, respectively) but not to the group treated with antibiotic (161.5 and 0.6% respectively; P≤0.009). In summary, the use of herbal extracts as a nutritional supplement for poultry seems to have a positive effect on weight gain of young birds, and to some extent reduce mortality in the first week of rearing.

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