Effects of Alkylamines-Based and Polyalkylene Glycol-Based Bonding Enhancers on the Performance of Asphalt Binders

Abstract The premature deterioration of asphalt pavements usually occurs due to different moisture damage mechanisms resulting in stripping, ravelling, potholes, and disintegration without proper treatment. Numerous efforts have been taken into consideration to improve the bonding between materials, hence prolonging the pavement life. This study evaluates the performance of asphalt binders incorporating Alkylamines-based (ALM) and Polyalkylene Glycol-based (PLG) bonding enhancers. Each bonding enhancer at 0.5% and 1.0% based on the weight of asphalt binder was separately blended with the conventional asphalt binder 60/70 penetration grade using a high shear mixer at 1000 rpm for 30 minutes at 160°C. The physical and rheological properties of modified binders were evaluated through penetration value, softening point, ductility, elastic recovery, rotational viscosity (RV), and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. Overall, additions of ALM and PLG show identical penetration grade compared to the control sample. Both ALM and PLG showcase a higher ductility and elastic recovery than the neat binder. The DSR test indicates the incorporation of bonding enhancers improves the modified binders’ rutting performance. While the application of ALM at 0.5% dosage increased the binder failure temperature out of all the tested samples, where the failure temperature is at 70°C, compared to others at 64°C. Studies at mastics and mixture levels should be conducted to appropriately understand the effect of bonding enhancer on the bituminous materials.

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Evaluation of Carbon Nanotubes Asphalt Modification Using the Superpave Criteria

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.902.135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 902 ◽

pp. 135-143

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Khasawneh ◽

Khalid Ghuzlan ◽

Nada Bani Melhem

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Fatigue Cracking ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Asphalt Pavements ◽

Low Temperature Cracking ◽

Asphalt Modification ◽

Rotational Viscosity

Rutting, fatigue cracking and low temperature cracking are the most important distresses in asphalt pavements as a result of changes in rheological properties of asphalt binder. Many types of modifiers were used to enhance asphalt behavior at both low and high temperatures. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as one of many nanomaterials that take a large attention in the latest research related to asphalt modification against different types of distresses. Effect of CNT on rheological properties of asphalt binder was investigated by testing unmodified and CNT modified asphalt binders using two of Superpave devices: Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). Penetration, softening point, flash point and rotational viscosity (RV) tests were carried out as well. CNT was added in 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% by weight of asphalt binder. It was found that adding CNT in 0.5% and 1% increase stiffness of asphalt and consequently asphalt pavement rutting resistance. On the other hand, this increase in stiffness affected pavement behavior adversely which is not desirable for fatigue and low temperature cracking. However, Superpave specifications were still satisfied and asphalt binder’s relaxation properties were improved upon CNT modification. It was eventually found that 0.5% of CNT is the optimum percentage for the best performance.

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Determination of rutting distresses on hot mix asphalts by advanced techniques

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201927603004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 276 ◽

pp. 03004

Author(s):

Gabriel Skronka ◽

Martin Jasso ◽

Otakar Vacin

Keyword(s):

Elastic Recovery ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Asphalt Pavements ◽

Creep Recovery ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Pavement Distresses ◽

Multiple Stress Creep Recovery

The sustainable use of non-renewable natural resources, such as asphalt binder, can be achieved by adequate planning. The proper assessment of asphalt binders is a prerequisite to the appropriate designing of road constructions that can eventually result in pavements in which the development of pavement distresses can be mitigated. Rutting is the most common distress occurring at high temperatures, which is frequently experienced by such countries as Indonesia; thus, the use of adequate asphalt binder in hot mix asphalt pavements results in long-lasting road constructions. By means of advanced techniques, e.g., multiple stress creep recovery test, conducted on a dynamic shear rheometer, it is possible to determine the rutting potential of asphalt binders. This technique, however, still seems to be imprecise at currently determined shear stress values. This paper aims to investigate on the example of ten different asphalt binders, if creep and recovery measured at higher shear stresses result in better correlation with rutting potential of hot mix asphalts than that at the standardized stress levels. Concurrently, other conventional asphalt binder properties (e.g., penetration, softening point, elastic recovery) are determined and compared with rutting.

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Physicomechanical Assessments and Heavy Metals’ Leaching Potential of Modified Asphalt Binders Incorporating Crumb Rubber and Tin Slag Powders

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/2137957 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Ali Huddin Ibrahim ◽

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan ◽

Ashiru Sani ◽

Sharvin Poovaneshvaran ◽

Tracy Leh Xin Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Elastic Recovery ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Leaching Potential ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Industrial Solid Waste ◽

Modified Binders ◽

Tin Slag

Industrial solid waste has been widely used as an alternative additive for bituminous material modification. This study aims to evaluate the basic properties and quantify the leaching potential of modified asphalt binders incorporating crumb rubber powder (CRP) from waste tires and tin slag (TS) for a local smelting company. Three percentages of CRP and TS, at 5, 10, and 15%, were considered. The conventional asphalt binder (PEN 60/70), CRP, and TS-based modified asphalt binders were analyzed for toxicity, softening point, penetration value, elastic recovery, torsional recovery (TR), and coatability index. The findings indicated that the addition of the waste materials led to no significant heavy metal content in the asphalt binder mix. Moreover, the basic and physical properties of the asphalt binders were also improved by 5, 10, and 15% of the waste, respectively. However, TS waste exhibited limited effects on all the parameters and had a 5% optimum dosage. The modified binders’ results showed that the CRP modified asphalt binders had fewer heavy metals and responded more to elastic recovery and coatability.

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Experimental Study to Determine the Most Preferred Additive for Improving Asphalt Performance Using Polypropylene, Crumb Rubber, and Tafpack Super in Medium and High-Temperature Range

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9081567 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1567 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Huang Xiaoming ◽

Ismail Bakheit Eldouma

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Modified Bitumen ◽

Asphalt Modification ◽

Rotational Viscosity ◽

Asphalt Performance

The overall objectives of this study were to determine the most appropriate additive for improving the physical properties and the medium- and high-temperature performances (mechanical performance) of asphalt binders. Three different types of modified binders were prepared: crumb rubber modifier (CRM), polypropylene (PP), and tafpack super (TPS), which had concentrations of 2%, 3%, 3.5%, and 4% by weight of asphalt binder, for each modifier. Their physical and rheological properties were evaluated by applying various tests such as ductility, rotational viscosity, toughness, and tenacity, as well as the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. As a result, the physical properties of the modified bitumen binders were compared, as were the medium- and high-temperature performances (mechanical performance), which had temperatures of 58, 64, 70, 76, 82, and 88 °C, respectively. This was how the most appropriate modifier was determined. The results demonstrated that the asphalt binder properties significantly improved by utilizing CRM followed by PP and TPS modifiers. The increase in the rutting parameter (G*/sin(δ)) after asphalt modification indicated its excellent performance at both medium- and high-temperatures. Lastly, the CRM was determined as the most preferred additive because of its positive effect on the physical properties and enhancement of the medium- and high-temperature performance (mechanical performance).

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High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Asphaltenes-Modified Asphalt Binders

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3326

Author(s):

Amirhossein Ghasemirad ◽

Nura Bala ◽

Leila Hashemian

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

High Performance ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Performance Grade ◽

Modified Binders ◽

Linear Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Linear Viscoelastic ◽

Gravity Driven

Asphalt binder comprises four main fractions—asphaltenes (A), saturates (S), aromatics (A), and resins (R)—referred to as “SARA”. Asphaltenes plays an important role in determining the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt binders. In this research, asphaltenes are added as a distinct modifier to improve the performance properties of asphalt binder. The modified binders are aged using a rolling thin film oven. A dynamic shear rheometer is then used to measure the rheological properties of the binders at high temperatures. Changes in the chemical composition of the modified binders are also studied through the determination of SARA fractions, using precipitation and gravity-driven chromatography methods. The rheological results show that asphaltenes improve the stiffness and elasticity of asphalt binder. It is also shown that the addition of asphaltenes raises the high Performance grade (PG) temperature of the asphalt binder, with every 6% of asphaltenes added resulting in a one-interval increase in high PG temperature grade. SARA analysis shows that the increase in polar fraction content due to the addition of asphaltenes causes the stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity of asphalt binders to increase. The results indicate that asphaltenes are an effective yet inexpensive additive to improve asphalt binder properties at high temperatures.

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Characterization of Recovery in Asphalt Binders

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13040920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 920 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fuquan Ma ◽

Xue Luo ◽

Zhiyi Huang ◽

Jinchang Wang

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Internal Stress ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Asphalt Pavements ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Recovery Model ◽

Modified Asphalt Binder ◽

Modified Binder ◽

Styrene Butadiene

The recovery property of asphalt binders plays an important role in the performance and service life of asphalt pavements. Since the internal stress is the driving force for the recovery of asphalt binders, the accurate measurement of the internal stress is full of significance. Based on this rationale, this paper aims to measure the internal stress of asphalt binders using a creep and step-loading recovery (CSR) test and characterizing the recovery behaviors by the internal stress. One base asphalt binder and one styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)-modified binder are selected in this study. The key elements of the CSR test are carefully designed and its accuracy is verified in three aspects, including the loading conditions, the effect of disturbance by step-loads, and accuracy of measured internal stress. Then, a kinetics-based recovery model is proposed to evaluate and predict the recovery properties of asphalt binders from its causal relationship. The constant-rate recovery activation energy indicates a major difference with nondestructive and destructive loading conditions, while the fast-rate recovery activation energy keeps almost constant regardless of the loading conditions. After that, the healing activation energy is calculated by using the kinetics-based recovery model and the results indicate that SBS modified asphalt binder shows better healing abilities than a base binder.

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Considerations for using the 4 mm Plate Geometry in the Dynamic Shear Rheometer for Low Temperature Evaluation of Asphalt Binders

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119855332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (11) ◽

pp. 649-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ramez Hajj ◽

Angelo Filonzi ◽

Syeda Rahman ◽

Amit Bhasin

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Asphalt Pavements ◽

Dynamic Shear ◽

Dynamic Shear Rheometer ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt ◽

Load Response ◽

Linear Viscoelastic ◽

Analytical Approaches

The low-temperature properties of asphalt binder have attracted attention in recent years thanks to an increase in the use of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP). Traditional methods to evaluate the low-temperature properties of the binder require a large amount of binder that needs to be recovered from RAP samples for testing with a Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). To economize on sample size for RAP materials and also for emulsion residues, previous researchers have explored the potential of using a 4 mm diameter specimen with a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in lieu of the BBR. To compare results from frequency sweep tests conducted using the DSR with results from the BBR, data from the former need to be converted to time domain and subsequently from a shear load response to an axial load response. Previous research studies have developed methods to accomplish these two conversions to compare data from the DSR with data from the BBR. The objective of this study is to examine some of these methods from the literature and elsewhere based on the principles of linear viscoelastic interconversion using a set of 11 different binders. Results using different analytical approaches from this study show that the DSR has good repeatability and verify that it can be used as a surrogate for the BBR to determine low-temperature properties, while exercising some caution with some of the assumptions related to Poisson’s ratio.

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Properties Analysis of Asphalt Binders Containing Bayer Red Mud

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13051122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Liyang Yao ◽

Wenying Gao ◽

Xianwei Ma ◽

Hao Fu

Keyword(s):

Red Mud ◽

Softening Point ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Limestone Powder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Work Related ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Rotational Viscosity ◽

Bayer Red Mud

In this work, related performances of asphalt binders with Bayer red mud powder (RMP) were studied. RMP replaced the traditional limestone powder (LSP) as a filler in asphalt binder. The replacement rates were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. In this study, seven F/A (filler-to-asphalt, weight/weight) ratios for each of the fillers were selected: 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1. Penetration, softening point, rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), and bending beam rheometry (BBR) tests were used to evaluate the properties of the asphalt binder. Penetration into the asphalt binder decreases linearly with increasing F/A ratio. Moreover, penetration of binder with RMP is lower than that of asphalt binder with LSP (RMP0), and among the five fillers tested, RMP100 showed most significant influence on penetration of the asphalt binder. The addition of RMP increases the softening point of the binder. DSR results show that the improvement in the high temperature performance is most significant after replacing 75% of the LSP with Bayer RMP. BBR results show that with increasing substitution of RMP for LSP, the creep stiffness (S) increased while the rate of change of S (m-value) declined. The low temperature performance of every asphalt binder was not enough to meet the Superpave requirements. In order to meet the Superpave requirements for S and m-values, the maximum F/A ratios of the five replacements corresponding to the fillers with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% RMP, were 1.3, 1.2, 1.1, 1.0 and 0.9, respectively. At 135 °C, rotational viscosity showed that RMP75 and RMP100 with a maximum F/A ratio of 1.1 are the best choices for asphalt binders, considering economic and construction requirements.

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Low-Temperature Performance of Polymer-Modified Binders in Stone Mastic Asphalts

Infrastructures ◽

10.3390/infrastructures6040058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Ana Dias ◽

Hugo Silva ◽

Carlos Palha ◽

Joel Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Elastic Recovery ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Fatigue Cracking ◽

Thermal Cracking ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Modified Binders

When temperatures drop to significantly low levels, road pavements are subjected to thermally-induced stresses, resulting in the appearance of thermal cracking, among other distresses. In these situations, polymers can be used as asphalt binder modifiers to improve certain asphalt binder properties, such as elastic recovery, cohesion, and ductility. Polymers also minimize some of the problems of asphalt mixtures, such as thermal and fatigue cracking and permanent deformation. This work’s objective was to study the behavior of asphalt mixtures at low temperatures, mainly when using modified binders. Thus, three binders were selected and tested: a standard 50/70 penetration grade bitumen and two polymer-modified binders (PMB), obtained by adding, respectively, 2.5% and 5.0% of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) in the 50/70 pen grade bitumen. Then, the PMBs were incorporated into stone mastic asphalt mixtures (namely SMA 11), which were subjected to low-temperature mechanical tests based on the most recent European Standards. The asphalt binders and mixtures evaluated in this work were tested for thermal cracking resistance, creep, elastic recovery, cohesive strength, and ductility strength. Overall, it is concluded that the studied asphalt mixtures with PMB, with just 2.5% SBS, performed adequately at low temperatures down to −20 °C.

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Characterization of thermal storage stability of waste plastic pyrolytic char modified asphalt binders with sulfur

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248465

Author(s):

Abhinay Kumar ◽

Rajan Choudhary ◽

Ankush Kumar

Keyword(s):

Storage Stability ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Principal Component ◽

Thermal Storage ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Waste Plastic ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Modified Binders ◽

Pyrolytic Char

Pyrolysis has gained a strong interest in recent times for sustainable treatment and recovery of energy-rich products from different wastes including plastic. Waste plastic pyrolytic char (PPC) generated as a carbonaceous by-product in the pyrolysis process, is gaining attention as an asphalt binder modifier. Adequate thermal storage stability is an essential requirement for a modified asphalt binder to ensure that the composite offers integrity and homogeneous properties during its storage, handling and transportation in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize the thermal storage stability properties of PPC modified binders. PPC modified asphalt binders were fabricated and evaluated at multiple dosages of sulfur as a cross-linking agent. In addition to the conventionally used softening point difference (SPD), characterization of thermal storage stability was attempted using rheology-based separation indices (SIs) derived through temperature sweep, frequency sweep, and multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) tests. These rheological SIs were based on complex modulus (G*), Superpave rutting parameter (G*/sin δ), Shenoy rutting parameter (SRP), zero shear viscosity (ZSV), and MSCR Jnr (at three stress levels 0.1, 3.2 and 10 kPa). Two formulations of each rheology-based separation index were studied: (1) ratio, and (2) maximum-average difference formulations. The temperature and frequency dependencies of rheological SIs were also evaluated. Further, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize storage stability by comparing the chemical functionalities of the PPC modified binders. A 0.3% dosage of sulfur was found to produce the best results considering all SPD, rheology-based SIs and FTIR. Principal component analysis showed that the ratio and maximum-average formulations had similar contributions to the first principal component accounting for more than 99% of the variability.

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