scholarly journals Research of the chisel with multi-operation working bodies for tillage

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022095
Author(s):  
G Parkhomenko ◽  
S Kambulov ◽  
E Zubrilina ◽  
O Babenko ◽  
L Vysochkina

Abstract The mechanized technologies applied in Russia in vineyards are characterized by 2.5-3.4 times higher energy costs comparing to foreign countries. It is necessary to improve the methods of mechanized tillage in vineyards in order to reduce energy costs while maintaining quality. The purpose of the study is to develop mechanized universal technical means and working bodies for processing vineyard rows with the lowest energy consumption without damaging the root system of the bushes. The designed multi-stage chisel is capable of performing multi-tiered tillage in accordance with the architectonics of the root system of the bushes. The depth of loosening is 9-45 cm. The original design of the working bodies of the chisel with the additional degree of freedom provides reduction in traction resistance by 12-14% and specific energy consumption by 1.2 and more times. Chisel complies with agrotechnical requirements for the implementation of quality indicators of the technological process. The number of fractions of up to 50 mm is 57.5-76.5%, lumps of over 100 mm is 8-9%. The versatile design of the multi-operational horticultural and vineyard chisel will allow it to be used in the cultivation technologies of not only fruit and berry, but also grain and row crops.

Russian vine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G.G. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
S.I. Kambulov ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  

Used in Russia mechanized technology in the vineyards characterized by an increase in en-ergy costs 2.5–3.4 times compared to foreign countries. Most of the energy costs account for processing vineyard soil. It is necessary to improve the methods of mechanized soil cul-tivation in vineyards in terms of reducing en-ergy consumption while maintaining quality. The aim of the study is to develop mecha-nized universal technical means and working bodies for processing row-spacing of vine-yards with the lowest energy consumption without damaging the root system of the bushes. The designed multioperational chisel is capable of performing tiered tillage in ac-cordance with the architectonics of the root system of the bushes. Loosening depth 9–45 cm. The original design of the working bodies of the chisel with an additional degree of freedom provides a reduction in traction resistance by 12–14% and specific energy consumption by 1.2 and more times. Chisel complies with agrotechnical requirements in terms of fulfilling the quality indicators of the technological process. The number of frac-tions up to 50 mm 57.5–76.5 %, lumps over 100 mm 8–9 %. Universal design multiopera-tional garden and vineyard chisel allow its use in technologies of cultivation not only fruit, but also grain and row crops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kharitonov ◽  
Vladimir Asafov ◽  
Pavel Kuznetsov ◽  
Valentina Gabrielova

Introduction. One of the promising methods in the production of dairy and other food in concentrated, condensed and dry forms is a consistent combination of dehydration methods. The subject of this research relevant now is approaches to the calculation of such processes. The work objective is to analyze the dehydration staging effect on the energy consumption in this process. Study objects and methods. Liquid, concentrated and powdered dairy products: whole and skim milk, milk whey, whole milk substitutes, as well as their dehydration parameters at certain stages. The determination of moisture and solids mass fraction in products was carried out with a standard method. Results and discussion. The feasibility of using a multi-stage dehydration method for the production of various types of powder milk products has been justified. The characteristic boundaries of solids mass fraction at different stages of the process were determined. The material-balance equation made it possible to define the formula for the total specific energy consumption relative to the unit of the final dry product at an arbitrary number of dehydration stages. The paper contains examples of a comparative efficiency assessment of the dehydration process carried out at different stages from the point of view of energy costs of its implementation. Conclusion. The research featured various issues related to the use of dehydration methods in the production of milk powder products. An equation has been drawn up to estimate the specific energy consumption of the multi-stage dehydration process relative to a unit of the final dry product. The use of a multi-stage process allows to effectively reduce the specific energy consumption, as well as to generate new high quality products.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Lyashenko ◽  
E. A. Revyakina ◽  
A. Yu. Lyashenko

Introduction. The creation of new types of bucket working bodies of excavators through synthesizing technical solutions to improve the transporting functions of the bottom is considered. These solutions are based on reducing the resistance and energy consumption under digging-in and scooping due to the transition from sliding friction to rolling friction during the movement of the rock mass along the bottom of the bucket.Materials and Methods. Analysis of the bulk materials handling processes using existing loading appliances identified design flaws that affect the efficiency of their operation. Advanced design diagrams of loading bodies were searched on the basis of the accumulated experience and the study of the morphological features of the existing equipment. Combinatorial analysis of possible combinations of elements with their various qualitative compositions, mutual arrangement, imposed links, and synthesis of new technical solutions for loading and transportation modules are carried out. Results. The results of the morphological synthesis implementation were the systematization and development of designs of bucket working bodies with a bottom in the form of a roller surface and a closed belt, as well as with a conveyor-type drive mechanism. The application of rollers as a supporting surface of a loaded rock mass causes a decrease in friction forces and in the power capacity of the work process. In addition, rotating rollers provide uniform abrasion of the working surface, which increases significantly the time to the equipment breakdown and increases the process efficiency. Working bodies with a drive mechanism make it possible to activate the interaction of the conveyor bottom in the form of a closed belt with the rock mass and, as a result, to accelerate the process of filling the bucket container.Discussion and Conclusions. The bucket working bodies described in the paper compare favorably with existing analogues in that they provide a reduction in the time to digging-in, scooping and unloading, a decrease in specific energy consumption, an increase in bucket filling, which ultimately contributes to an increase in productivity. A slight increase in the structural complexity and cost of the working body causes additional capital costs, which are paid back within two to four months.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3096-3106
Author(s):  
Simeng Li ◽  
Karla Duran ◽  
Saied Delagah ◽  
Joe Mouawad ◽  
Xudong Jia ◽  
...  

Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) technologies have been widely implemented around the world to address the rising severity of freshwater scarcity. As desalination capacity increases, reducing the energy consumption of the RO process per permeate volume (i.e., specific energy consumption) is of particular importance. In this study, numerical models are used to characterize and compare the energy efficiency of one-stage continuous RO, multi-stage continuous RO, and closed-circuit RO (CCRO) processes. The simulated results across a broad range of feed salinity (5,000–50,000 ppm, i.e., 5–50 g kg−1) and recovery (40%–95%) demonstrate that, compared with the most common one-stage continuous RO, two-stage and three-stage continuous RO can reduce the specific energy consumption by up to 40.9% and 53.6%, respectively, while one-stage and two-stage CCRO can lead to 45.0% and 67.5% reduction, respectively. The differences in energy efficiencies of various RO configurations are more salient when desalinating high-salinity feed at a high recovery ratio. From the standpoints of energy saving and capital cost, the simulated results indicate that multi-stage CCRO is an optimal desalination process with great potential for practical implementation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Павел Владимирович Кузнецов ◽  
Валентина Тихоновна Габриелова

Последовательное сочетание различных методов обезвоживания является одним из традиционных направлений при организации эффективного производства концентрированных, сгущенных и сухих молочных продуктов. Этот подход призван обеспечить заданные качества конечного продукта при минимальных энергозатратах технологии. Расчеты подобных многоэтапных процессов в силу высокой сложности постоянно являются предметом исследований. Оценка влияния стадийности обезвоживания при выработке концентрированных, сгущенных и сухих молочных продуктов на энергоемкость процесса является целью данной работы. Объектами исследования были жидкие, концентрированные и сухие молочные продукты, а также параметры процессов их обезвоживания. Ведение процесса сушки в две стадии позволяет получить экономию энергии до 10-15 %. Предварительная обработка исходного продукта мембранными методами (ультрафильтрация, нанофильтрация, обратный осмос) также дает возможность получать определенный эффект в энергозатратах. Применительно к распылительной сушке молочных продуктов широкое применение находит процесс, включающий предварительную концентрацию исходного продукта тем или иным мембранным методом, сгущение продукта методом вакуум-выпаривания, распылительную сушку горячим воздухом до влажности, на 2-4 % превышающую требуемую, окончательную досушку продукта в «псевдокипящем» слое до требуемой влажности и, наконец, охлаждение продукта также в «псевдокипящем» слое. На основании условий материального и энергетического баланса получено выражение для оценки удельных затрат в процессе многостадийного обезвоживания, позволяющее проводить сравнительную оценку затрат на производство сухих молочных продуктов, определять целесообразность их создания или реконструкции, исходя из планируемых объемов переработки и финансовых возможностей. Целевыми функциями, описывающими процесс обезвоживания, следует рассматривать функции, описывающие изменение влажности продукта, удельные затраты энергии на обработку продукта и качество конечного продукта. A consistent combination of different methods of dehydration is one of the promising directions in the organization of the production of concentrated, condensed and dry dairy products. This ensures the desired quality of the final product at the lowest possible energy consumption. Calculations of such multi-stage processes, due to their high complexity, are constantly the subject of ongoing research. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of the stages of dehydration in the production of concentrated, condensed and dry dairy products on the energy intensity of the process. The objects of the study were liquid, concentrated and dry dairy products, as well as the parameters of their dehydration processes. Conducting the drying process in two stages allows you to get energy savings of up to 10-15 %. Pretreatment of the initial product by membran methods (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis) also makes it possible to obtain a certain gain in energy consumption. In relation to the spray drying of dairy products, a process is widely used, including the preliminary concentration of the initial product by one or another membrane method, the thickening of the product by vacuum evaporation, spray drying with hot air to a humidity 2-4 % higher than the required, the final drying of the product in the «pseudo-boiling» layer to the required humidity and, finally, the cooling of the product also in the «pseudo-boiling» layer. Based on the conditions of the material and energy balances, an expression is obtained for estimating the unit costs in the process of multi-stage dewatering, which allows for a comparative assessment of the costs of producing dry dairy products, determining the feasibility of its creation or reconstruction, based on the planned processing volumes and financial capabilities. The target functions describing the dewatering process should be considered functions describing the change in product moisture, the specific energy consumption for processing the product, and the quality of the final product.


Author(s):  
Д.В. Бастриков ◽  
Ю.Н. Власов ◽  
С.В. Кучер ◽  
Д.Е. Куницкая

В статье приводятся результаты экспериментов по измельчению отходов окорки ели в промышленном измельчителе Erdwich M600/1-400. В опытах использовали три группы влажности отходов: отходы непосредственно после окорки (относительная влажностью 70%), подсушенные на воздухе (относительная влажность 40%) и высушенные в сушильной камере (относительная влажность 10%). Средняя крупность кусков до измельчения составляла 70, 50 и 30 мм. Работу, совершенную во время измельчения материала, рассчитывали по зафиксированным данным о потребляемой силе тока при известном напряжении в сети. Установлена закономерность для оценки затрат энергии, требующейся для измельчения отходов окорки ели в зависимости от их относительной влажности и степени измельчения. Показано, что удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки ели связана с относительной влажностью отходов окорки и степенью их измельчения нелинейной зависимостью, повторяющей структуру закона измельчения Кирпичева-Кика. Отношение теплоты сгорания сухого вещества, содержащегося в продукте измельчения коры ели («энергетическая стоимость»), и энергии, затраченной на ее измельчение («энергетическая себестоимость»), нелинейно зависит от относительной влажности коры, причем у зависимости есть точка экстремума, а именно - минимума. Оптимальная по этому соотношению влажность отходов окорки ели, подлежащих измельчению, составляет 25%. Удельная энергоемкость измельчения отходов окорки ели при оптимальной влажности пропорциональная натуральному логарифму степени измельчения, формула (8). При оптимальной влажности для измельчения отходов окорки ели в 5-15 раз потребуется затратить энергию, составляющую 5-10% теплоты сгорания. В заключение также приводятся предложения о перспективных направлениях дальнейших исследований дробления древесных материалов. The article presents results of experiments on shredding of debarking waste with an industrial shredder Erdwich M600 / 1-400. The experiments use three groups of waste’s humidity: waste immediately after debarking (relative humidity 70%), dried in air (relative humidity 40%) and dried in the drying camera (relative humidity 10%). The average size of the pieces before shredding was 70, 50 and 30 mm. The results set a pattern for evaluating the energy costs required for shredding of debarking waste depending on the relative humidity and the shredding ratio. The results prove that the energy consumption of debarking waste shredding associates with relative humidity of the waste and shredding ratio with a nonlinear dependence, which repeats structure of the Kirpichev-Kik dependence. The paper proves that the caloric value of dry matter contained in the shredding product, and the energy expended in its shredding, link each other as a nonlinear function of the bark humidity with optimal humidity of 25%. The specific energy consumption of the debarking waste shredding at the optimal humidity is proportional to the natural logarithm of the shredding ratio. At the optimal humidity of debarking waste shredding with ratio 5-15 requires expending energy around 5-10% of the waste caloric value. The paper also contains suggestions about further prospective research in the field of wooden materials shredding.


Author(s):  
M. A. Promtov ◽  
S. E. Kutukov ◽  
A. N. Koliukh ◽  
F. S. Zverev

The regularities of changes in energy consumption to reduce the viscosity of highly paraffinic oil during processing in an installation based on a rotary impulse apparatus (RIA) are experimentally investigated. The decrease in oil viscosity during processing in RIA exceeds 40%. An increase in the amount of oil supply to the RIA makes it possible to reduce the specific energy consumption for its processing at the same relative value of the decrease in viscosity. Specific energy consumption decreases with an increase in oil consumption through the RIA according to the dependence close to the logarithmetic one.


Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chamberland ◽  
Dany Mercier-Bouchard ◽  
Iris Dussault-Chouinard ◽  
Scott Benoit ◽  
Alain Doyen ◽  
...  

Ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) are widely-used technologies to standardize the protein content of cheesemilk. Our previous work demonstrated that protein retention of a 0.1-µm MF spiral-wound membrane (SWM) was lower, but close to that of a 10 kDa UF one. Considering that the permeability of MF membranes is expected to be higher than that of UF ones, it was hypothesized that the former could improve the efficiency of the cheesemaking process. Consequently, the objectives of this work were to compare 0.1-µm MF and 10 kDa UF spiral-wound membranes in terms of (1) hydraulic and separation performance, (2) energy consumption and fouling behavior, (3) cheesemaking efficiency of retentates enriched with cream, and (4) economic performance in virtual cheesemaking plants. This study confirmed the benefits of using MF spiral-wound membranes to reduce the specific energy consumption of the filtration process (lower hydraulic resistance and higher membrane permeability) and to enhance the technological performance of the cheesemaking process (higher vat yield, and protein and fat recoveries). However, considering the higher serum protein retention of the UF membrane and the low price of electricity in Canada, the UF scenario remained more profitable. It only becomes more efficient to substitute the 10 kDa UF SWM by the 0.1-μm MF when energy costs are substantially higher.


2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05054 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Apazhev ◽  
A.G. Fiapshev ◽  
Iu.A. Shekikhachev ◽  
L.M. Khazhmetov ◽  
A.L. Khazhmetova ◽  
...  

To ensure the food security of the Russian Federation, one of the priority areas of the state’s economic and food policy is a step-by-step reduction of the dependence of the domestic agroindustry complex on the import of technologies, machines, and equipment. Currently, machines and aggregates that perform one specific operation are often used in preparing the soil for sowing crops; their multiple passes along the surface of the field being treated increase energy costs, lead to soil compaction, emergence and development of erosion processes. Considering this, further improvement of cultivation technologies, machines and units for soil preparation and sowing crops is required. To solve this problem, we propose an improved technology and an optimized complex of machines that can perform plowing, crushing soil blocks, mulching the topsoil, and sowing. The use of the proposed technology and an optimized machinery complex for the cultivation of winter wheat in the Central part of the North Caucasus resulted in a decrease in: direct energy costs by 33.5%; living labor costs by 31.7%; specific energy consumption of MTA by 41.7%; materialized energy costs by 50%; energy consumption for sowing by 7.7%. As a result, total energy costs decreased by 34%.


The article presents the results of driving and static tests of pile models with different longitudinal shapes, carried out in laboratory conditions. It was revealed that the specific energy consumption of driving a pyramidal-prismatic pile can either exceed or be less than the specific energy consumption of driving a prismatic pile. Unlike pyramidal piles, pyramidal-prismatic piles have less specific energy consumption for driving. Energy costs for driving pyramidal-prismatic piles, as well as their resistance to pressing vertical loads depend on the length of the pyramidal section and rise with its increase. It has been established that, with the same depth of driving and with the same piles, the specific bearing capacity of the pyramidal-prismatic piles is higher than the prismatic piles and less than the pyramidal pile. The revealed features of the behavior of the pyramidalprismatic piles are due to the influence of the longitudinal shape and the length of the pyramidal part of their shaft on the driving process and behavior under the loads.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document