The Effects of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on Residents in the Area of a Cement Plant in Perak, Malaysia

Abstract Nowadays, concrete is used extensively in construction. The cement factory must generate massive amounts of cement each year in order to deliver enough concrete. Carbon dioxide emitted during the cement manufacturing and raw materials transportation processes contributes to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, deteriorating air and water quality and posing health risks to residents. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide absorption on local residents and their buildings. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to determine the influence of carbon dioxide absorption on local residents’ health as well as the consequences on structures. A total of 375 questionnaires were distributed throughout the Perak cities of Kampar, Malim Nawar, and Kota Bharu. This research were conducted in Malaysia in 2019. It was decided to adopt convenience sampling. This paper’s findings are separated into two (2) sections: effects on local residents’ health, structures, and environment. According to the Pearson Correlation data, there are several dead cases, as well as locals suffering from cancer and other respiratory problems. The concrete, timber, and metal frames, as well as other faults on the door and windows, have all deteriorated significantly. To preserve human health and the environment, the government should tighten the rule on pollution discharge compliance, and all plant owners should be accountable for building a buffer zone and installing industrial air filters surrounding their factories.

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Biofixation of Carbon dioxide by Chlamydomonas sp. in a Tubular Photobioreactor

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.1.1.10-14 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H Hadiyanto ◽

S Sumarno ◽

Rufaida Nur Rostika ◽

Noer Abyor Handayani

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Bubble Column ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Tubular Reactor ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽

Food Ingredient ◽

Additional Food ◽

Chlamydomonas Sp

The biogas production from anaerobic digestion is a potential fuel for power generators application, if biogas can be upgraded to the same standards as fossil natural gas by CO2, H2S, and other non-combustible component removal. Microalgae Chlamydomonas sp. has potency to biofix the carbon dioxide and can be used as an additional food ingredient. The variations of flow rate and carbon dioxide concentration in the process resulting different value of biomass production and carbon dioxide biofixation. Biomass production at 40% carbon dioxide concentration obtained 5.685 gr/dm3 at 10% carbon dioxide concentration obtained 4.892 gr/dm3. The greatest value of carbon dioxide absorption occurs at a 40% concentration amounting to 12.09%. The rate of growth and productivity of microalgae tend to rise in 10% and 20% (%v) carbon dioxide concentration, but began started a constant at 30% and 40% (%v) carbon dioxide concentration. Biomass production tends to increase in light conditions while a constant in dark conditions. This study used Chlamydomonas sp. as media culture and performed on bubble column and tubular reactor with 6 litres of culture medium at a temperature of 28oC and atmospheric pressure.

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Recent Progress in Green Cement Technology Utilizing Low-Carbon Emission Fuels and Raw Materials: A Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11020537 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 537 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ali Naqi ◽

Jeong Jang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Cement Production ◽

Cement Manufacturing

The cement industry is facing numerous challenges in the 21st century due to depleting natural fuel resources, shortage of raw materials, exponentially increasing cement demand and climate linked environmental concerns. Every tonne of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced releases an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. In this regard, cement manufactured from locally available minerals and industrial wastes that can be blended with OPC as substitute, or full replacement with novel clinkers to reduce the energy requirements is strongly desirable. Reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions during cement manufacturing can be achieved by introducing alternative cements. The potential of alternative cements as a replacement of conventional OPC can only be fully realized through detailed investigation of binder properties with modern technologies. Seven prominent alternative cement types are considered in this study and their current position compared to OPC has been discussed. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of options for future cements, and an up-to-date summary of the different alternative fuels and binders that can be used in cement production to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, the practicalities and benefits of producing the low-cost materials to meet the increasing cement demand are discussed.

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Anaesthetic management of a 10-month-old white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) calf for emergency exploratory celiotomy

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v83i1.939 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gareth E. Zeiler ◽

George F. Stegmann

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Intravenous Infusion ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽

Ceratotherium Simum ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

White Rhinoceros ◽

End Tidal

A 10-month-old, 580 kg, hand-reared white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) calf was presented for emergency exploratory celiotomy. Anaesthesia was safely induced with three successive intravenous (IV) boluses of diazepam (10 mg) and ketamine (100 mg) until the trachea could be intubated. Anaesthesia was adequately maintained with isoflurane-inoxygen (mean end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 1.1% ± 0.2%) on a circle anaesthetic machine with carbon dioxide absorption and an intravenous infusion of ketamine and medetomidine at a mean rate of 0.02 mg/kg/min and 0.02 µg/kg/min, respectively. Mean values recorded during anaesthesia and surgery were heart rate (56.9 ± 11 beats/min), mean arterial blood pressure (6.16 kPa ± 1.75 kPa), end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (6.23 kPa ± 0.30 kPa). Abdominal gas distension contributed to hypoventilation that resulted in hypercapnoea, confirmed by arterial blood gas analysis (PaCO2 14.69 kPa), which required controlled ventilation for correction. Blood volume was maintained with the intravenous infusion of a balanced electrolyte solution at 10 mL/kg/h and blood pressure supported with a continuous infusion of dobutamine and phenylephrine. Duration of anaesthesia was 3.5 h. It was concluded that anaesthesia was safely induced in a compromised white rhinoceros calf with a combination of diazepam and ketamine. A constant-rate infusion of medetomidine and ketamine allowed for a reduction in the dose of isoflurane required during maintenance of anaesthesia and improved intra-operative blood pressure management.

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Communication: Photoinduced Carbon Dioxide Binding with Surface-Functionalized Silicon Quantum Dots

10.26434/chemrxiv.5944273.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Oscar A. Douglas-Gallardo ◽

Cristián Gabriel Sánchez ◽

Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Quantum Dots ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Density Functional ◽

Tight Binding ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

Research Area ◽

Silicon Quantum Dots ◽

Dependent Model ◽

Photoinduced Charge

<div> <div> <div> <p>Nowadays, the search of efficient methods able to reduce the high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has turned into a very dynamic research area. Several environmental problems have been closely associated with the high atmospheric level of this greenhouse gas. Here, a novel system based on the use of surface-functionalized silicon quantum dots (sf -SiQDs) is theoretically proposed as a versatile device to bind carbon dioxide. Within this approach, carbon dioxide trapping is modulated by a photoinduced charge redistribution between the capping molecule and the silicon quantum dots (SiQDs). Chemical and electronic properties of the proposed SiQDs have been studied with Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Density Functional Tight-Binding (DFTB) approach along with a Time-Dependent model based on the DFTB (TD-DFTB) framework. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that proposes and explores the potential application of a versatile and friendly device based on the use of sf -SiQDs for photochemically activated carbon dioxide fixation. </p> </div> </div> </div>

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PEMETAAN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI KELAPA SAWIT NASIONAL DAN KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGANNYA

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jsti.v13i1.876 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Subiyanto Subiyanto

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Government Policy ◽

Value Chain ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Value Added ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Missing Value ◽

Technology Capability ◽

The Government

Palm oil industry in Indonesia has been growing rapidly. But, unfortunately the growth is only effective on upstream industry with low value products, such that potential downstream value added are not explored proportionally. The government is therefore in the process of developing an appropriate policy to strengthen the national palm oil downstream industry. This paper proposes that an approriate policy for developing palm oil downstream industry could be derived from the maps of value chain and existing technology capability of the industry. The result recommends that government policy should emphasize on the supply of raw materials, infrastructure and utilities, as well as developing the missing value chain industry, especially ethoxylation and sulfonation.

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THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF AQUEOUS PIPERAZINE WITH POTASSIUM CARBONATE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION

10.2172/839556 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

John T. Cullinane

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Potassium Carbonate ◽

Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽

Thermodynamics And Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

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Fireworks: How to Simulate the Manufacture and Operation in the Atmosphere with the Substitution of Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413714666180726143918 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 147-156

Author(s):

Rebeka Rudolf ◽

Urban Ferčec ◽

Mohammed Shariq

Keyword(s):

Spray Pyrolysis ◽

Final Section ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis ◽

Physiochemical Properties ◽

Physical Size ◽

Respiratory Problems ◽

Ultrasonic Spray ◽

Temperature Ranges

Background: This review provides a closer look at recent work in the field of fireworks manufacture, which could see the replacement of micron-sized particles with their nano-scaled counterparts. Moreover, we also discuss micron-sized particles as well as nanoparticles (NPs) from K, Fe, Al, Ti, Ba, etc., that are produced in the atmosphere as a result of these fireworks. One of the possible technological substitutes for fireworks is presented in detail, i.e., the use of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technology. Method: We searched Google, Web of Science and PubMed for a literature survey of fireworks and their products: firecrackers, micron-sized and nanoparticles. Moreover, we used some of our own knowledge and experimental data to strengthen the possibility of simulating the synthesis of firework products on the laboratory scale. Results: The use of nano reactants and oxidisers has seen a substantial increase in the sound efficiency and a decrease in the amount of chemicals used, making fireworks more eco-friendly. The application of Al- and Ti-based nano flash powder in the size range from 35 nm to 50 μm resulted in a significant improvement in the ignition properties of the fireworks. Under changing aerodynamic conditions, it is difficult to collect them as samples for real-time monitoring, needed for their characterization or the testing of their harmfulness under laboratory conditions. As a result, NPs below 100 nm in the surroundings could be easily inhaled into the lungs and cause more pulmonary and respiratory problems than micron-sized particles. USP produces nanoparticles in the laboratory that could replace the conventional micron-sized firecracker raw materials, or nanoparticles that are similar to those formed by fireworks. It will also help to identify the physiochemical properties of the airborne particulates in order to understand and evaluate their impact. </P><P> This review could be valuable for a controlled economic synthesis through USP, and in the use of nanopowders in pyrotechnology that could reduce pollution to a great extent, thus contributing to the growth and good practise of the fireworks industry. With respect to the USP synthesis, we have also discussed in detail the physical (size, shape) and chemical (composition) characteristics of Al2O3 and TiO2 NPs from different precursors and their temperature ranges. An in-depth explanation for a comparative analysis for the formation mechanism of nanoparticles through both fireworks and USP is presented in the final section. We can produce nanoparticles in the laboratory with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis that have similar properties to those produced from fireworks and can then be used for further testing.

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Determination of Differential Carbon Dioxide Concentration by Conductimetric Analysis

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000050008x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 90 (5) ◽

pp. 612-616

Author(s):

John M. Baker

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration

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Organic chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates in supercritical carbon dioxide and associated less eco-unfriendly approaches: A review

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x211008515 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0734242X2110085

Author(s):

Jabulani I Gumede ◽

Buyiswa G Hlangothi ◽

Chris D Woolard ◽

Shanganyane P Hlangothi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Special Focus ◽

Waste Tyres ◽

Supercritical Carbon

There is a growing need to recover raw materials from waste due to increasing environmental concerns and the widely adopted transition to circular economy. For waste tyres, it is necessary to continuously develop methods and processes that can devulcanize rubber vulcanizates into rubber products with qualities and properties that can closely match those of the virgin rubber. Currently, the most common, due to its efficiency and perceived eco-friendliness in recovering raw rubber from waste rubbers, such as tyres, is devulcanization in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using commercial and typical devulcanizing agents. The scCO2 has been generally accepted as an attractive alternative to the traditional liquid-based devulcanization media because of the resultant devulcanized rubber has relatively better quality than other processes. For instance, when scCO2 is employed to recover rubber from waste tyres (e.g. truck tyres) and the recovered rubber is blended with virgin natural rubber (NR) in various compositions, the curing and mechanical properties of the blends closely match those of virgin NR. The atmospheric toxicity and cost of the commonly used devulcanization materials like chemical agents, oils and solvents have enabled a shift towards utilization of greener (mainly organic) and readily available devulcanization chemical components. This literature review paper discusses the approaches, which have less negative impact on the environment, in chemical devulcanization of rubber vulcanizates. A special focus has been on thermo-chemical devulcanization of waste tyres in scCO2 using common organic devulcanizing agents.

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