scholarly journals A review of the function of using carbon nanomaterials in membrane filtration for contaminant removal from wastewater

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Chadha ◽  
Senthil Kumaran Selvaraj ◽  
S. Vishak Thanu ◽  
Vishnu Cholapadath ◽  
Ashesh Mathew Abraham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Living Organisms

Abstract Water is a necessity for all living and non-living organisms on this planet. It is understood that clean water sources are decreasing by the day, and the rapid rise of Industries and technology has led to an increase in the release of toxic effluents that are discharged into the environment. Wastewater released from Industries, agricultural waste, and municipalities must be treated before releasing into the environment as they contain harmful pollutants such as organic dyes, pharmaceuticals wastes, inorganic materials, and heavy metal ions. If not controlled, they can cause serious risks to human beings' health and contaminate our environment. Membrane filtration is a proven method for the filtration of various harmful chemicals and microbes from water. Carbon nanomaterials are applied in wastewater treatment due to their high surface area, making them efficient adsorbents. Carbon nanomaterials are being developed and utilized in membrane filtration for the treated wastewater before getting discharged with the rise of nanotechnology. This review studies carbon nanomaterials like fullerenes, graphenes, and CNTs incorporated in the membrane filtration to treat wastewater contaminants. We focus on these CNM based membranes and membrane technology, their properties and applications, and how they can enhance the commonly used membrane filtration performance by considering adsorption rate, selectivity, permeability, antimicrobial disinfectant properties, and compatibility with the environment.

scholarly journals Use of Different Natural Products to Control Growth of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Green Solvent Emulsion, Characterization, and Their Photocatalytic Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Eneyew Tilahun Bekele ◽  
Bedasa Abdisa Gonfa ◽  
Fedlu Kedir Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles

Water, one of the crucial and the pillar resources to every living thing, could be polluted day to day by different causes such as expansion in industrialization, rapid increment in population size, the threat of climate, and growth of urbanization. The existence of a number of organic dyes, detergents, and pesticides from industrial effluents could lead to severe diseases and even to the death of human beings. Currently, remediation of those hazardous organic contaminants using semiconductor metal oxide catalysts has received extensive attention in recent years. Among the numerous nanometal oxides, titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been well known as a significant photocatalytic material due to their suitable physiochemical behaviors such as stability, conductivity, high surface area to volume ratio, structure, and porosity nature at the nanoscale level. TiO2 semiconductor nanoparticles could be synthesized via several physiochemical approaches; among those, the biogenic technique is the most selective one which involves the synthesis of NPs using different templates. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly protocol that involves the use of different parts and types of biogenic sources such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, virus, and green plants or the byproducts of their metabolism, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agents. TiO2 NPs obtained via the biogenic method provide a potential application for the degradation of organic dyes and other pollutants in wastewater. This method of synthesis of NPs has been given a great attention by researchers due to their nontoxicity, low cost, environmental friendliness, the usage of green solvents, and simplicity of the process. This review focuses on summarizing the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using various biogenic sources, characterization, and their photocatalytic applications for the degradation of different wastes and organic dyes from polluted water.

scholarly journals A new biocompatible ternary Layered Double Hydroxide Adsorbent for ultrafast removal of anionic organic dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Rathee ◽  
Amardeep Awasthi ◽  
Damini Sood ◽  
Ravi Tomar ◽  
Vartika Tomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Double Hydroxide

Abstract It would be of great significance to introduce a new biocompatible Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) for the efficient remediation of wastewater. Herein, we designed a facile, biocompatible and environmental friendly layered double hydroxide (LDH) of NiFeTi for the very first time by the hydrothermal route. The materialization of NiFeTi LDH was confirmed by FTIR, XRD and Raman studies. BET results revealed the high surface area (106 m2/g) and the morphological studies (FESEM and TEM) portrayed the sheets-like structure of NiFeTi nanoparticles. The material so obtained was employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic dyes from synthetic waste water. The dye removal study showed >96% efficiency for the removal of methyl orange, congo red, methyl blue and orange G, which revealed the superiority of material for decontamination of waste water. The maximum removal (90%) of dyes was attained within 2 min of initiation of the adsorption process which supported the ultrafast removal efficiency. This ultrafast removal efficiency was attributed to high surface area and large concentration of -OH and CO32− groups present in NiFeTi LDH. In addition, the reusability was also performed up to three cycles with 96, 90 and 88% efficiency for methyl orange. Furthermore, the biocompatibility test on MHS cell lines were also carried which revealed the non-toxic nature of NiFeTi LDH at lower concentration (100% cell viability at 15.6 μg/ml). Overall, we offer a facile surfactant free method for the synthesis of NiFeTi LDH which is efficient for decontamination of anionic dyes from water and also non-toxic.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Activated Carbon From Agro Waste-Waste Bamboo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
Victoria Ezeagwula ◽  
Precious Igbokwubiri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area

Abstract Bamboo trees are one of the fastest growing trees in tropical rainforests around the world, they have various uses ranging from construction to fly ash generation used in oil and gas cementing, to development of activated carbon which is one of the latest uses of bamboo trees. This paper focuses on development of activated carbon from bamboo trees for carbon capture and sequestration. The need for improved air quality becomes imperative as the SDG Goal 12 and SDG Goal13 implies. One of the major greenhouse gases is CO2 which accounts for over 80% of greenhouse gases in the environment. Eliminating the greenhouse gases without adding another pollutant to the environment is highly sought after in the 21st century. Bamboo trees are mostly seen as agricultural waste with the advent of scaffolding and other support systems being in the construction industry. Instead of burning bamboo trees or using them for cooking in the local communities which in turn generates CO2 and fly ash, an alternative was considered in this research work, which is the usage of bamboo trees to generate activated, moderately porous and high surface area carbon for extracting CO2 from various CO2 discharge sources atmosphere and for water purification. This paper focuses on the quality testing of activated carbon that can effectively absorb CO2. The porosity, pore volume, bulk volume, and BET surface area were measured. The porosity of the activated carbon is 27%, BET surface area as 1260m²/g. Fixed carbon was 11.7%, Volatility 73%, ash content 1.7%.

scholarly journals Improved Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinate Esters with Alcohols over ZrO2 Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Tommaso Tabanelli ◽  
Paola Blair Vásquez ◽  
Emilia Paone ◽  
Rosario Pietropaolo ◽  
Nikolaos Dimitratos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Transfer ◽  
Alkyl Levulinates

Levulinic acid (LA) and its esters (alkyl levulinates) are polyfunctional molecules that can be obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. Herein, the catalytic conversion of methyl and ethyl levulinates into γ-valerolactone (GVL) via catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) by using methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol as the H-donor/solvent, was investigated under both batch and gas-flow conditions. In particular, high-surface-area, tetragonal zirconia has proven to be a suitable catalyst for this reaction. Isopropanol was found to be the best H-donor under batch conditions, with ethyl levulinate providing the highest yield in GVL. However, long reaction times and high autogenic pressures are needed in order to work in the liquid-phase at high temperature with light alcohols. The reactions occurring under continuous gas-flow conditions, at atmospheric pressure and a relatively low contact time (1 s), were found to be much more efficient, also showing excellent GVL yields when EtOH was used as the reducing agent (GVL yield of around 70% under optimized conditions). The reaction has also been tested using a true bio-ethanol, derived from agricultural waste. These results represent the very first examples of the CTH of alkyl levulinates under continuous gas-flow conditions reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Preparation of MoS2 nano-corals by hydrothermal method for adsorption of tartrazine in the aqueous medium

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Hung Mac Van ◽  
Tuan Vu Anh
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Adsorption Kinetics ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Intra Particle Diffusion

Corals-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) have been successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The as-prepared MoS2 material with a high surface area of 83.9 m2.g-1 was used for the removal of tartrazine from an aqueous solution. The effects of parameters including contact time, MoS2 dosage, and solution pH on adsorption capacity were studied. The optimal dosage of MoS2 for removing tartrazine was 0.08 g and the removal efficiency of tartrazine reached 81.5 % for 100 min of adsorption. The adsorption kinetics studies were carried out using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models. The results showed that the pseudo-second-kinetic model better described the adsorption kinetics of tartrazine on MoS2 and film diffusion was the rate-limiting step. In addition, the adsorption capacity of MoS2 was also performed with various organic dyes such as nile blue, janus green B, and congo red.

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of the Bi2MoO6 and Bi2WO6 Photocatalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Juan Xia ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
One Pot

Two different Bi-based semiconductor photocatalysts Bi2MoO6 and Bi2WO6 were synthesized by a simple one-pot hydrothermal reaction at 453 K for 10 h. The properties of the photocatalysts, including structures, morphology, light-absorption band and photoluminescence, etc were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum and fluorescence spectrum. Further, their photocatalytic properties were compared by the degradation of two different organic dyes: Rhodamine B and methylene blue. It is important to note that the Bi2WO6 nanoplate structure exhibited better photocatalytic activity than the Bi2MoO6 nanowires aggregates due to its high surface area, higher light absorption and lower recombination of electron-hole pairs.

scholarly journals Toxicity Studies on Graphene-Based Nanomaterials in Aquatic Organisms: Current Understanding

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3618
Author(s):  
Nemi Malhotra ◽  
Oliver B. Villaflores ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Petrus Siregar ◽  
Jiann-Shing Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
Conductivity Electron ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Living Organisms

Graphene and its oxide are nanomaterials considered currently to be very promising because of their great potential applications in various industries. The exceptional physiochemical properties of graphene, particularly thermal conductivity, electron mobility, high surface area, and mechanical strength, promise development of novel or enhanced technologies in industries. The diverse applications of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) include energy storage, sensors, generators, light processing, electronics, and targeted drug delivery. However, the extensive use and exposure to graphene and GO might pose a great threat to living organisms and ultimately to human health. The toxicity data of graphene and GO is still insufficient to point out its side effects to different living organisms. Their accumulation in the aquatic environment might create complex problems in aquatic food chains and aquatic habitats leading to debilitating health effects in humans. The potential toxic effects of graphene and GO are not fully understood. However, they have been reported to cause agglomeration, long-term persistence, and toxic effects penetrating cell membrane and interacting with cellular components. In this review paper, we have primarily focused on the toxic effects of graphene and GO caused on aquatic invertebrates and fish (cell line and organisms). Here, we aim to point out the current understanding and knowledge gaps of graphene and GO toxicity.

scholarly journals Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Torrinha ◽  
Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira ◽  
Francisco W.P. Ribeiro ◽  
Adriana N. Correia ◽  
Pedro Lima-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Pharmaceutical Pollutants ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

Pharmaceuticals, as a contaminant of emergent concern, are being released uncontrollably into the environment potentially causing hazardous effects to aquatic ecosystems and consequently to human health. In the absence of well-established monitoring programs, one can only imagine the full extent of this problem and so there is an urgent need for the development of extremely sensitive, portable, and low-cost devices to perform analysis. Carbon-based nanomaterials are the most used nanostructures in (bio)sensors construction attributed to their facile and well-characterized production methods, commercial availability, reduced cost, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. However, most importantly, their relatively good conductivity enabling appropriate electron transfer rates—as well as their high surface area yielding attachment and extraordinary loading capacity for biomolecules—have been relevant and desirable features, justifying the key role that they have been playing, and will continue to play, in electrochemical (bio)sensor development. The present review outlines the contribution of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, carbon nanopowder, biochar nanoparticles, and graphite oxide), used alone or combined with other (nano)materials, to the field of environmental (bio)sensing, and more specifically, to pharmaceutical pollutants analysis in waters and aquatic species. The main trends of this field of research are also addressed.

scholarly journals Formation Mechanism and Porosity Development in Porous Boron Nitride

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk L'Hermitte ◽  
Daniel M. Dawson ◽  
Pilar Ferrer ◽  
Kanak Roy ◽  
Georg Held ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
Porosity Development

In the past decade, porous boron nitride (BN) has proven promising as a novel class of inorganic materials in the field of separations and particularly adsorption. Owing to its high surface area and thermal stability, porous BN has been researched for CO2 capture and water cleaning, for instance. However, most research remains at laboratory scale due to a lack of understanding of the formation mechanism of porous BN, which is still largely a ‘black box’ and prevents scale-up. Partial reaction pathways have been unveiled, but they omit critical steps in the formation, including the porosity development, which is key to adsorption. To unlock the potential of porous BN at a larger scale, we have investigated its formation from the perspective of both chemical formation and porosity development. We have characterised reaction intermediates obtained at different temperatures with a range of analytical and spectroscopic tools. Using these analyses, we propose a mechanism that highlights the key stages of BN formation and its porosity, including the intermediates and gaseous species formed in the process. We identified that the formation of non-porous carbon nitride is crucial to form porous BN with release of porogens, such as HCN and CO2. This work paves the way for scaled-up processes to use porous BN to its full potential at industrial level for gas and liquid separations.

scholarly journals Carbon nanomaterials for metal-free electrocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ana M.B. Honorato ◽  
Mohd Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution Reactions ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Conversion Technologies ◽  
Carbon Based

Carbon materials are continuing in progress to accomplish the requirements of energy conversion and energy storage technologies because of their plenty in nature, high surface area, outstanding electrical properties, and readily obtained from varieties of chemical and natural sources. Recently, carbon-based electrocatalysts have been developed in the quest to replacement of noble metal based catalysts for low cost energy conversion technologies, such as fuel cell, water splitting, and metal-air batteries. Herein, we will present our short overview on recently developed carbon-based electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions such as oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions, along with challenges and perspectives in the emerging field of metal-free electrocatalysts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document