scholarly journals Attitudes Towards Plant-Based Eating and Self Reported Vegetable Intake in Inner-City Kidney Patients: Relationship to BMI and Blood Pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 559-559
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saleh ◽  
Kingsley Cruickshank ◽  
Takisha Morancy ◽  
Giaynel Cordero ◽  
Nicholas Baglieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Funding Sources

Abstract Objectives A Plant-Based Eating (PBE) dietary pattern is reportedly beneficial for pts with kidney disease but attitudes of CKD/ESKD patients regarding plant-based eating and dietary habits have been rarely reported. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted in a random convenience sample of people attending CKD clinic (15), Transplant clinic (12), and the Dialysis Unit (4). Pts were given multiple choice questions assessing their attitudes and understanding of plant-based eating and asked to estimate daily vegetable intake. No difference was noted among clinics so data were analyzed together. Comparisons are by t-test unless noted. Results Mean age was 54.7 ± 1.7 yrs with 16 (53%) men, 25 (80%)Black, 12 (40%) had an income < $20 K, with 10 (33%) between $20 K and 40 K. 10 (33%) were employed. 64.5% (20) were interested in learning more about PBE; 35% had never heard of PBE. 22(71%) reported that they consume animal protein 1–3x daily or more. 20 (57%) reported that they consume plant-based protein less than once a day or never. Pts who did not eat vegetables regularly had a higher BMI than those who ate plants more frequently (30.9 ± 1.86 vs 26.3 ± 0.96, P < 0.05), and higher systolic and diastolic BP (144.3 ± 5.9 vs 126 ± 5.2, P < 0.05 and 77.9 ± 3.5 vs 66.3 ± 4.1, P = 0.019) and were less likely to take herbal or non-vitamin supplements (1% vs 54%, P = 0.007 by Chi square). As regards beliefs about PBE, 46.4% believe it would be difficult to find things to eat at restaurants, 51.7% thought it would be difficult to buy food or groceries on a budget, 46.4% thought they could not get all the protein they need from plant-based foods without eating animal meat or products and 40.7% thought it would be hard to get all the vitamins and nutrients and 63.1% thought it would be easy to find recipes that taste good. Conclusions In our population: 1. The majority of pts were interested in learning about PBE and had heard of it. 2. The majority ate few to no vegetables on a daily basis. 3. Possible obstacles to introducing PBE are common misconceptions including difficulty of affording food, getting enough protein and finding something to eat when eating out. 4. Intensive educational programs targeted towards our population should be developed as pts who ate more vegetables had lower BMI and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in general PBE has been shown to be beneficial for pts with CKD/ESKD. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Beliefs About Plant-Based Diet in Inner City CKD and Family Medicine Patients and Relationship to Dietary Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 516-516
Author(s):  
Kingsley Cruickshank ◽  
Ahmad Saleh ◽  
Takisha Morancy ◽  
Iqra Nadeem ◽  
Elizabeth Kasparov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Abstract Objectives We compared beliefs about plant-based eating and dietary intake in patients attending inner-City CKD and Family Medicine (FM) clinics. Methods A face-to-face survey was conducted in a random convenience sample of pts in CKD (23) and FM clinics (22). Patients were asked to answer 5 multiple choice questions assessing their beliefs regarding difficulty in finding plant-based foods in restaurants, affordability, ability to get proteins and vitamins, and ability to find good tasting recipes. A mean score was calculated. Lower score indicates more difficulty (PBE-score). Diet analysis was based on 24hr recall and analyzed using ASA-24 software. Comparisons are by t-test unless noted. Results Mean age was 54.3 ± 2.5 yrs. There were 16 (35.6%) males and 22 (62.2%) females with 40 black (89%). 36 (80%) had not completed college. 23 (51%) had an income < $20 K. 16 (35%) were employed. 20 (44%) had diabetes. 22 (49%) received SNAP benefits. Mean BMI was 30.4 ± 1.6 with 41% > 30. There were no differences between clinics. CKD pts had higher creatinine (2.01 ± 0.39 vs 0.85 ± 0.05) and lower albumin (3.92 ± 0.12 vs 4.32 ± 0.09, P = 0.012). CKD pts had more positive attitude towards plant-based eating (PBE-score 2.57 ± 0.1 vs 2.21 ± 0.13, P < 0.05), and ate more cholesterol (411.6 ± 65.2 vs 248.7 ± 30.3, P = 0.031), fatty seafood (1.41 ± 0.54 vs 0.17 ± 0.1, P = 0.034) and eggs (1.05 ± 0.27 vs 0.42 ± 0.16, P = 0.048) and drank more fluid (2499.0 ± 335.6 vs 1367.9 ± 167.1, P = 0.005) than FM pts. Protein, carbohydrate intake and total calories were similar and fruit and vegetable intake was low (1.33 ± 0.3 and 1.34 ± 0.19 respectively). PBE-score did not correlate with dietary intake and serum cholesterol did not differ (184.3 ± 9.4 vs 170.2 ± 8.0, P = NS). Conclusions In our population: 1. Pts with CKD had a more positive attitude towards plant-based eating and were more likely to believe they could eat more plant-based. 2. CKD pts ate more cholesterol with higher intake of eggs and fatty seafood, and drank more fluid. 3.Vegetable intake was poor and there was no difference between the groups. 4. The positive attitude of CKD pts towards plant-based eating and our indigent population as a whole suggests that education could be successful and should be explored further as our population as a whole has a high prevalence of CKD, obesity and diabetes. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Association between Dietary Habits and Prehypertension among Indonesian Young Adults at Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Ribka Wowor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract: Prehypertension is a warning sign, early in age which denotes the risk of hypertension later on in life. Clinical and academic challenges of medical students may have adverse effect on their lifestyle, predisposing vulnerable subjects to elevated blood pressure. This study was aimed to determine the association between dietary habits and prehypertension among Indonesian young adults in Manado. This was an analytical study with a cross-sectional study. Subjects were 111 medical students (undergraduate and postgraduate) aged between 20-30 years, of either sex. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to elicit the details on physical activity, family history of hypertension, tobacco use, and dietary habits. According to JNC-7 guidelines, a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 120 to 139 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 80 to 89 mmHg is considered as prehypertension. Of the 111 subjects, 22.5% showed blood pressure levels within the range of prehypertension. Chi-square analysis revealed that junk food consumption (OR=3,152; 95% CI=1,253-7,925; P=0,023), and soft drink consumption (OR=4,747; 95% CI=1,797-12,539; P=0,002) were the risk factors of prehypertension. Conclusion: Dietary habits were associated with the prehypertension among young adults in Manado.Keywords: dietary habits, prehypertension, young adultsAbstrak: Prehipertensi merupakan tanda peringatan dini akan resiko terjadinya hipertensi di kemudian hari. Mahasiswa kedokteran memiliki kesibukan studi terutama pada masa kepaniteraan klinik di Rumah Sakit. Tuntutan dalam pendidikan dan pelayanan sekaligus di RS berdampak terhadap pola aktivitas mereka sehari-hari sehingga dapat memengaruhi tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara diet (konsumsi makanan dan minuman) dengan kejadian prehipertensi pada mahasiswa kedokteran Univrsitas Sam Ratulangi. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 111 mahasiswa kedokteran peserta P3D dan PPDS (calon spesialis) berusia antara 20-30 tahun sebagai subyek penelitian. Dilakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan berat badan. Penentuan kebiasaan makan ditetapkan berdasarkan hasil pengisian kuesioner. Definisi prehipertensi berdasarkan kriteria JNC 7 yaitu tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 120 mmHg tapi kurang dari 140 mmHg, dan atau tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 80 mmHg tapi kurang dari 90 mmHg. Uji Chi-square dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara konsumsi junk food dan soft drink dengan kejadian prehipertensi dan didapatkan adanya hubungan antara konsumsi junk food (OR=3,152; 95% CI=1,253-7,925; P=0,023), dan soft drink (OR=4,747; 95% CI=1,797-12,539; P=0,002) dengan kejadian prehipertensi pada subyek dewasa muda. Simpulan: Diet (konsumsi junk food dan soft drink) berhubungan dengan kejadian prehipertensi pada subyek dewasa muda di Manado.Kata kunci: diet, prehipertensi, dewasa muda

scholarly journals EXPLORING CENTENARIANS’ PERCEPTION OF NUTRITION

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
E.C. Holston ◽  
B. Callen
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Emerging Themes

Background/Objective: Centenarians’ dietary habits have been associated with healthy aging, although it is centenarians’ perceptions about their diet that influence what they eat and in what amounts. However, there is little research on centenarians’ viewpoints about their past and current eating patterns and their impact on centenarians’ current nutritional status. Thus, this study explored the perceptions about lifetime dietary habits of community-dwelling Appalachian centenarians. Design: A qualitative descriptive design. Setting: Home or the facility where participants lived. Participants: A convenience sample of community-dwelling centenarians. Measurements: Face-to-face interviews were used. Transcripts were analyzed with the Nuendorf’s method of content analysis. Results: Emerging themes were source of food, food preferences, food consumption, balanced diet, food preparation & storage, responsibility for nutrition of family, and longevity. Conclusion: Centenarians’ perceptions about their dietary behaviors need to be considered when adjusting their diets and eating patterns for clinical purposes.

scholarly journals Changes in International Students’ Dietary Habits, Physical Activity and BMI During Their First Year After Relocating to the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 680-680
Author(s):  
Zainab Rabeeah ◽  
Nida Shaikh ◽  
Solveig Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
International Students ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objectives To identify changes in diet, physical activity and BMI after 3–6 months of relocation among international students in Georgia, USA. Methods Data were collected from 74 international students attending 2 urban universities in the Southeast. Students were interviewed within 10 days of arrival in the U.S and again 3–6 months later. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire that included a 26-item food frequency questionnaire, and questions on weekly physical activity, daily screen-time usage, sleep duration, and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, and waist circumference), each measured twice and then averaged. Student t-test, Chi square and ANOVA analysis was done for participants who completed both waves (n = 74). Results Participants reported consistent food consumption within 3–6 months (mean difference < 0.5 times per week). Physical activity frequency remained consistent (mean difference < 0.5), but duration of almost all activities was increased. Participants reported increased hiking frequency and a significant increase in duration (frequency mean 0.05 to 0.09 times/week, 95% CI of (0.02–0.08) to (0.02–0.16), duration mean 21.1 to 117 minutes/week, 95% CI (14.1–28.0) to (94.7–138.5)). Screen time significantly increased (mean 4.2 to 7.0 hours/day, 95% CI (3.6–4.9) to (6.2–7.8)). Mean weight slightly increased (62.7 kg to 62.9 kg, 95% CI (60.5–65.0)), as did mean BMI (22.4 to 22.6, 95% CI (21.6–23.2)). However, around 37% of participants gained > 10% of their baseline weight, while 32% lost > 10% of their baseline weight. Almost half of participants (44.5%) reported that they had gained weight and 77% reported a decrease in their overall health. Conclusions Follow-up data suggests International students’ body weights changed drastically in a short time period which could potentially lead to negative health outcomes. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Canteen Take Away concept in promoting healthy eating patterns among employees

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne D Lassen ◽  
Lotte Ernst ◽  
Sanne Poulsen ◽  
Klaus K Andersen ◽  
Gitte L Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Evening Meal ◽  
Meal Intake

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of a relatively novel concept of providing employees with healthy ready-to-heat meals to bring home to their families, here referred to as Canteen Take Away (CTA).DesignEmployees’ dietary intake on two weekdays when they received free CTA was compared with that on weekdays when they did not receive CTA. Four non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls were applied to assess dietary intake on a daily basis. Moreover, a digital photographic method was used to assess evening meal intake for three consecutive weeks. Data were analysed using a mixed-effects model.SettingA financial worksite offering CTA.SubjectsTwenty-seven employees.ResultsOverall dietary quality as expressed by the energy density of the food (excluding beverages) was found to be significantly lower on days consuming CTA meals compared to days not consuming CTA with regard to evening meal intake (average difference: −187 (95 % CI −225, −149) kJ/100 g) and on a daily basis (average difference: −77 (95 % CI −132, −21) kJ/100 g). Other favourable differences included increased vegetable intake (average difference: 83 (95 % CI 67, 98) g/evening meal, 109 (95 % CI 62, 155) g/d).ConclusionThe present study shows that providing healthy take-away dinners has potential for promoting healthy dietary habits among employees. This reinforces the importance of availability and convenience as effective tools to promote healthy eating habits.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Composition Is Associated with Blood Pressure in Mother-Child Pairs 5 Years After Birth

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1555-1555
Author(s):  
Moira Differding ◽  
Marie-France Hivert ◽  
Myriam Doyon ◽  
Luigi Bouchard ◽  
Patrice Perron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Mothers And Children

Abstract Objectives Adult studies have indicated that the gut microbiome plays a role in blood pressure regulation, however, there have been no studies on this association in children or mother-child pairs. This study's aim is to determine whether gut microbiome composition is associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in children and their mothers 5 years after birth. Methods We obtained stool samples from Canadian mother-child pairs (n = 164 children, 168 mothers) on average 5 years after birth in the prospective Gen3G pre-birth cohort. We characterized the microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region. We categorized SBP (measured automatically, in duplicate) into tertiles separately for mothers and children and used the lowest tertile as the reference group. We fitted beta-binomial regression models to identify differentially abundant (FDR P < 0.05) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of bacterial taxa, adjusting for: fruit and vegetable intake (servings/week), current smoking (mothers only), sex (children), and BMI (mothers) or BMI z-score (children). Results Mothers and children were similar across SBP tertiles with respect to all clinical characteristics, except for BMI. Mothers in the highest SBP tertile (113-166 mmHg) had a median BMI of 25.4 vs. the lowest tertile (91-106 mmHg) at 23.1, and children in the highest tertile (104-128 mmHg) had a median BMI z-score of 0.3 vs. the lowest tertile (87-98 mmHg) at -0.1. SBP was not associated with microbial diversity, but was associated with composition. After adjusting for covariates (including BMI), 4 ASVs were differentially abundant in children in the highest vs. lowest SBP tertile. Children with higher SBP had greater % of Bacteroides (sp. unknown), Collinsella (sp. unknown), and Coprococcus catus and lower % of butyrate-producing Lachnospira (sp. unknown). Among mothers, 12 ASVs were differentially abundant in the highest vs. lowest SBP tertile, with higher SBP associated with greater % of Lachnoclostridium symbiosum, a candidate-marker for colon cancer, and lower % of butyrate-producing Eubacterium eligens and Porphyromonadaceae Butyricimonas. Conclusions Altered gut microbiota composition, including lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, is associated with higher blood pressure in both mothers and their children 5 years after birth. Funding Sources NHLBI.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Analisis Faktor Determinan yang berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Rekomendasi Modifikasi Gaya Hidup Pasien Hipertensi

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Knowledge Practice

Penatalaksanaan farmakologis dan non farmakologis dipercaya dapat mengontrol tekanan darah dan mencegah komplikasi, tetapi banyak pasien hipertensi tekanan darahnya tidak terkontrol. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kepatuhan yang buruk dalam melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan faktor yang berhungan dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional di pukesmas dinoyo Kota Malang tahun 2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Consecutive Sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan meliputi : karakteristik demografi, pengetahuan dan rekomendasi mofifikasi gaya hidup pasien hipertensi. Hubungan antara rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup dengan variabel independen dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan analisis regresi logistik. 140 pasien hipertensi berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini (60 laki-laki, 80 wanita). Prevalensi kepatuhan adalah 28,6 %. Tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan  dengan kepatuhan melaksanakan rekomendasi gaya hidup (p=0,00). Jenis kelamin, usia, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup (p= 0,06; p=0,21; p=0,87). Pengetahuan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepatuhan rekomendasi modifikasi gaya hidup. Management of pharmacological and non-pharmacological is believed to control blood pressure and prevent complications,  but many hypertensive patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. This is due to poor adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pukesmas Dinoyo Malang in 2019. Consecutive Sampling was used to select study subjects. The questionnaire included information about demographic characteristics, knowledge, practice of lifestyle-modification measures. Associations between adherence to lifestyle modification and independent variables were analyzed using chi square and multivariate logistic regression analysis. 140 hypertensive patients participated in the study (60 men, 80 women). The prevalence of adherence was 28.6%. The level of knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications (p = 0.00). Genders , age, and educational level were no significant associated with to recommended lifestyle modifications (p= 0.06; p=0.21; p=0.87). Knowledge was significant associated with adherence to recommended lifestyle modifications of hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Does COVID-19 change dietary habits and lifestyle behaviours in Kuwait: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa Husain ◽  
Fatemah Ashkanani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Late Night ◽  
Main Meal

Abstract Background The coronavirus pandemic has transformed and continues to transform and affect the daily lives of communities worldwide, particularly due to the lockdown restrictions. Therefore, this study was designed to understand the changes in dietary and lifestyle behaviours that are major determinants of health during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online questionnaire using a convenience sample of 415 adults living in Kuwait (age range 18–73 years). Results The rate of skipping breakfast remained consistent, with a slight increase during the pandemic. Lunch remained the main reported meal before and during COVID-19. Compared to before COVID-19, people were much more likely have a late-night snack or meal during COVID-19 (OR = 3.57 (95% CI 1.79–7.26), p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a drastic decrease in the frequency of fast-food consumption during COVID-19, up to 82% reported not consuming fast food (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the percentage of participants who had their main meal freshly made (OR = 59.18 (95% CI 6.55–1400.76), p = 0.001). Regarding food group patterns, no significant differences were found before and during the pandemic in terms of the weekly frequency of consumption, except in the case of fish and seafood. There were no remarkable changes in beverage consumption habits among participants before and during the pandemic, except for Americano coffee and fresh juice. Furthermore, there was a great reduction in physical activity and an increase in the amount of screen time and sedentary behaviours. A notable increase was detected in day-time sleep and a decrease in night-time sleep among participants. Conclusion In general, this study indicates some changes in daily life, including changes in some eating practices, physical activity and sleeping habits during the pandemic. It is important that the government considers the need for nutrition education programmes and campaigns, particularly during this critical period of the pandemic in Kuwait.

scholarly journals Detection of Dysbiosis and Increased Intestinal Permeability in Brazilian Patients with Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4621
Author(s):  
Felipe Papa Pellizoni ◽  
Aline Zazeri Leite ◽  
Nathália de Campos Rodrigues ◽  
Marcelo Jordão Ubaiz ◽  
Marina Ignácio Gonzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Dysbiosis, associated with barrier disruption and altered gut–brain communications, has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we evaluated the gut microbiota in relapsing–remitting patients (RRMS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and correlated these data with diet, cytokines levels, and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples were used for 16S sequencing and real-time PCR. Serum was used for cytokine determination by flow cytometry, and zonulin quantification by ELISA. Pearson’s chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman’s correlation were used for statistical analyses. We detected differences in dietary habits, as well as in the gut microbiota in RRMS patients, with predominance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides vulgatus and decreased Bifidobacterium. Interleukin-6 concentrations were decreased in treated patients, and we detected an increased intestinal permeability in RRMS patients when compared with controls. We conclude that diet plays an important role in the composition of the gut microbiota, and intestinal dysbiosis, detected in RRMS patients could be involved in increased intestinal permeability and affect the clinical response to DTMs. The future goal is to predict therapeutic responses based on individual microbiome analyses (personalized medicine) and propose dietary interventions and the use of probiotics or other microbiota modulators as adjuvant therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of DMTs.

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