scholarly journals International Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in Men Who Have Sex With Men in Washington State and Québec, 2015–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1896-1904
Author(s):  
Alexander L Greninger ◽  
Amin Addetia ◽  
Kimberly Starr ◽  
Robert J Cybulski ◽  
Mary K Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Campylobacter species are among the most common causes of enteric bacterial infections worldwide. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for sexually transmitted enteric infections, including globally distributed strains of multidrug-resistant Shigella species. Methods This was a retrospective study of MSM-associated Campylobacter in Seattle, Washington and Montréal, Québec with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results We report the isolation of 2 clonal lineages of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli from MSM in Seattle and Montréal. WGS revealed nearly identical strains obtained from the 2 regions over a 4-year period. Comparison with the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Pathogen Detection database revealed extensive Campylobacter species clusters carrying multiple drug resistance genes that segregated with these isolates. Examination of the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance revealed multiple macrolide resistance determinants including a novel ribosomal RNA methyltransferase situated in a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) array locus in a C. coli isolate. Conclusions As previously reported for Shigella, specific multidrug-resistant strains of Campylobacter are circulating by sexual transmission in MSM populations across diverse geographic locations, suggesting a need to incorporate sexual behavior in the investigation of clusters of foodborne pathogens revealed by WGS data.

scholarly journals Resistance Status of Bacteria from a Health Facility in Ghana: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Abass Inusah ◽  
Elvis Quansah ◽  
Kwabena Fosu ◽  
Isaac Dadzie
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background. Regardless of the global concerted effort to control the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, increasing cases are continually documented at many medical centres. This situation is reinforced by inadequate information on the trend of resistance resulting from lack of regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance. The present study sought to detect the number of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates at a health facility in Ghana from January 2018 to July 2020. Method. A total of 800 data on antimicrobial testing results were extracted from the records of the health facility. The extracted data were explored for the detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR. The study further determined the use of antibiotics using the multiple-drug resistance index (MDRI). Results. Except for Staphylococcus and Neisseria spp., all bacterial isolates showed extremely high (100%) proportion of MDR. Although only Staphylococcus spp. (38 (4.8%)) was observed to be XDR, the rest of the bacteria showed the potential to attain the status of XDR or PDR. MDRI indicated high use of antibiotics in the health facility. Conclusion. The high antimicrobial resistance observed by the study underscores the need for prompt and effective antibiotic resistance control strategies.

Surgical Site Infections - A Hospital Havoc: Retrospective Study of Surgical Site Infections in Tertiary Health Care Centre in North East India

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
V Singh ◽  
A B Khyriem, W V Lyngdoh ◽  
C J Lyngdoh
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumanii ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
North East

Objectives - Surgical site infections (SSI) has turn out to be a major problem even in hospital with most modern facilities and standard protocols of pre -operative preparation and antibiotic prophylaxis. Objective of this study is to know the prevalence of surgical site infection among the postoperative patients and to identify the relationship between SSI and etiological pathogens along with their antimicrobial susceptibility at North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Shillong. Methods - A retrospective case study conducted at NEIGRIHMS, among patients admitted to the surgical departments during the period between January 1st and December 31st 2016. Swabs from the surgical sites were collected under sterile conditions and standard bacteriological tests were performed for identification and appropriate statistical methods were employed to look for association between SSI and etiological pathogens. Results - Out of the 1284 samples included in the study, 192 samples showed evidence of SSI yielding an infection rate of 14.9%. The most commonly isolated bacteria were: Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumanii and Staphylococcus aureus, of the gram negative isolates 6.2% were multidrug resistant of which 19% were carbapenem resistant. Conclusion - SSI with multiple drug resistance strains and polymicrobial etiology reflects therapeutic failure. The outcome of the SSI surveillance in our hospital revealed that in order to decrease the incidence of SSI we would have to: a) incorporate a proper antibiotic stewardship  b) conduct periodic surveillance to keep a check on SSI d) educate medical staffs regarding the prevention of surgical site infection.

INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF M. TUBERCULOSIS ON THE COURSE OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
V. S. Krutko ◽  
L. H. Nikolaieva ◽  
T. V. Maistat ◽  
O. A. Oparin ◽  
Anton Viktorovych Rohozhyn
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Intensive Phase ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Infection Source

Tuberculosis is infectious and socially dependent disease, being now one of the most pressing issues in practical health care. As well the usual types of tuberculosis infection, chemoresistant tuberculosis is spreading rapidly in the world. The WHO estimates that about 500,000 people on the planet are infected with M. tuberculosis, which is resistant to standard anti−tuberculosis drugs. The probability of successful treatment decreases with emergence of new genotypes of M. tuberculosis with total resistance. In the modern epidemiology of tuberculosis, it is important to identify genotypes on certain signs, allowing to address issues such as their origin, identification of the infection source, possible routes and factors of transmission, as well as to reveal cases and spread of resistance to anti−tuberculosis drugs. To evaluate the therapy efficiency of multidrug−resistant tuberculosis patients with revealed genotypic variability during treatment, 10 patients with chemoresistant pulmonary tuberculosis having M. tuberculosis genotypic variability were treated. In these patients, the clinical, laboratory and radiological dynamics of disease in intensive phase of treatment were studied. Analysis of treatment results for patients with chemoresistant tuberculosis with genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis was evaluated by the intoxication syndrome dynamics of, the timing of closure of the decay cavities and cessation of bacterial excretion. The study found that the genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis is characterized by the change of less virulent genotypes of M. tuberculosis to more virulent. Signs of intoxication have been shown to change from less virulent M. tuberculosis genotypes to M. tuberculosis Beijing genotypes. Genotypic variability of mycobacteria in hospital suggests that hospitalization in tuberculosis facilities is a risk of exogenous tuberculosis superinfection. Studying the influence of genotypic variability of M. tuberculosis on the course of multidrug−resistant tuberculosis requires more extensive research, being a very relevant and promising area in phthisiology. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, genotypic variability, VNTR−genotyping, treatment.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Biofilm Forming Non Typhoidal Salmonella enterica Isolates from Poultry and Its Associated Food Products from Pakistan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Abubakar Siddique ◽  
Sara Azim ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Saadia Andleeb ◽  
Aitezaz Ahsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonellaenterica from poultry products is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed at estimating the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance in S. enterica isolates obtained from poultry birds and their food products from different areas of Pakistan. In total, 95/370 (25.67%) samples from poultry droppings, organs, eggs, and meat were positive for Salmonella. The isolates were further identified through multiplex PCR (mPCR) as Salmonella Typhimurium 14 (14.7%), Salmonella Enteritidis 12 (12.6%), and other Salmonella spp. 69 (72.6%). The phenotypic virulence properties of 95 Salmonella isolates exhibited swimming and/or swarming motility 95 (100%), DNA degrading activity 93 (97.8%), hemolytic activity 92 (96.8%), lipase activity 87 (91.6%), and protease activity 86 (90.5%). The sopE virulence gene known for conferring zoonotic potential was detected in S. Typhimurium (92.8%), S. Enteritidis (100%), and other Salmonella spp. (69.5%). The isolates were further tested against 23 antibiotics (from 10 different antimicrobial groups) and were found resistant against fifteen to twenty-one antibiotics. All isolates showed multiple drug resistance and were found to exhibit a high multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) index of 0.62 to 0.91. The strong biofilm formation at 37 °C reflected their potential adherence to intestinal surfaces. There was a significant correlation between antimicrobial resistance and the biofilm formation potential of isolates. The resistance determinant genes found among the isolated strains were blaTEM-1 (59.3%), blaOxA-1 (18%), blaPSE-1 (9.5%), blaCMY-2 (43%), and ampC (8.3%). The detection of zoonotic potential MDR Salmonella in poultry and its associated food products carrying cephalosporin and quinolone resistance genes presents a major threat to the poultry industry and public health.

scholarly journals Liposomes as Antibiotic Delivery Systems: A Promising Nanotechnological Strategy against Antimicrobial Resistance

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Magda Ferreira ◽  
Maria Ogren ◽  
Joana N. R. Dias ◽  
Marta Silva ◽  
Solange Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs

Antimicrobial drugs are key tools to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Despite the early success of antibiotics, the current treatment of bacterial infections faces serious challenges due to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Moreover, the decline of research and private investment in new antibiotics further aggravates this antibiotic crisis era. Overcoming the complexity of antimicrobial resistance must go beyond the search of new classes of antibiotics and include the development of alternative solutions. The evolution of nanomedicine has allowed the design of new drug delivery systems with improved therapeutic index for the incorporated compounds. One of the most promising strategies is their association to lipid-based delivery (nano)systems. A drug’s encapsulation in liposomes has been demonstrated to increase its accumulation at the infection site, minimizing drug toxicity and protecting the antibiotic from peripheral degradation. In addition, liposomes may be designed to fuse with bacterial cells, holding the potential to overcome antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation and constituting a promising solution for the treatment of potential fatal multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In this review, we aim to address the applicability of antibiotic encapsulated liposomes as an effective therapeutic strategy for bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Technologies to address antimicrobial resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (51) ◽  
pp. 12887-12895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Baker ◽  
David J. Payne ◽  
Rino Rappuoli ◽  
Ennio De Gregorio
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane

Bacterial infections have been traditionally controlled by antibiotics and vaccines, and these approaches have greatly improved health and longevity. However, multiple stakeholders are declaring that the lack of new interventions is putting our ability to prevent and treat bacterial infections at risk. Vaccine and antibiotic approaches still have the potential to address this threat. Innovative vaccine technologies, such as reverse vaccinology, novel adjuvants, and rationally designed bacterial outer membrane vesicles, together with progress in polysaccharide conjugation and antigen design, have the potential to boost the development of vaccines targeting several classes of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, new approaches to deliver small-molecule antibacterials into bacteria, such as hijacking active uptake pathways and potentiator approaches, along with a focus on alternative modalities, such as targeting host factors, blocking bacterial virulence factors, monoclonal antibodies, and microbiome interventions, all have potential. Both vaccines and antibacterial approaches are needed to tackle the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and both areas have the underpinning science to address this need. However, a concerted research agenda and rethinking of the value society puts on interventions that save lives, by preventing or treating life-threatening bacterial infections, are needed to bring these ideas to fruition.

scholarly journals Genomic Characterization of A Multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii Strain ZT01-0079 Co-Producing blaNDM-1 and blaSHV-12 using MiSeq and MinION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyan Zhang ◽  
Yanfeng Lin ◽  
Zhonghong Li ◽  
Xiong Liu ◽  
Jinhui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Abstract Background: The emergence of multi-drug resistant Citrobacter freundii poses daunting challenges to the treatment of clinical infections. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genome of a C. freundii strain with an IncX3 plasmid encoding both the blaNDM-1 and blaSHV-12 genes.Methods: Strain ZT01-0079 was isolated from a clinical urine sample. The Vitek2 system was used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The presence of blaNDM-1 was detected by PCR and sequencing. Conjugation experiments and Southern blotting were performed to determine the transferability of the blaNDM-1- carrying plasmid. Nanopore and Illumina sequencing were performed to better understand the genomic characteristics of the strain.Results: Strain ZT01-0079 was identified as C. freundii, and the coexistence of blaNDM-1 and multiple drug resistance genes was confirmed. Electrophoresis and Southern blotting showed that blaNDM-1 was located on a ~53kb IncX3 plasmid. The NDM-1-encoding plasmid was successfully transferred at a frequency of 1.68×10−3. Both blaNDM-1 and blaSHV-12 were located on the self-transferable IncX3 plasmid.Conclusion: The rapid spread of the IncX3 plasmid highlights the importance of continuous monitoring of the prevalence of NDM-1-encoding Enterobacteriaceae. Mutations of existing carbapenem resistance genes will bring formidable challenges to clinical treatment.

scholarly journals A study on Antimicrobial Resistance: recent trend in Armed Forces of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 03-09
Author(s):  
Md Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Zaheedur Rahman ◽  
Md Nurul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Developed Nations

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance has increased dramatically & to be a serious threat to the treatment of infectious disease on a global basis. As a result morbidity, mortality & economic burden of infections with multiple drug resistance organisms for which there are no effective therapies. Over use of antibiotics in developed nations of paradoxically both misuses of under use in developing nations have contributed to the burden. Objectives: The objective of the study is to identify common microorganisms and to assess their sensitivity to three selected antibiotics. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka, Bangladesh among samples of urine, blood, pus, sputum and throat swab. All of the samples of urine (173), Blood (31), pus (63), sputum (28) and throat swab (14) were tested for culture and sensitivity at AFIP over a period from January 2012 to February 2013. Selected antibiotics were ciprofloxacin, cephradine and cefixime. Results: Commonest organisms found in different samples were Escherichia coli in urine (57.8%), Salmonella typhi in blood (54.8%), Staphylococcus aureus in pus (42.9%), klebsiella in sputum (67.9%) and Streptococcus pyogens in throat swab 03 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 9, No 2 (December) 2013 (78.6%). In urine samples, microorganisms were found resistant to cephradine in 95% cases but sensitive to cefixime in 30.4% cases. Microorganisms in blood samples were sensitive to cefixime in 83.3% and Ciprofloxacin in 80.6% cases. Ciprofloxacin, cephradin and cefixime all three antibiotics encountered resistance in 63.5%, 82.5% and 75.8% samples of pus respectively. Among sputum samples organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin in 71.4% and cefixime in 64.3% cases whereas resistant to cephradin in 92.9% cases. In organisms of throat swab Cephradine Showed sensitivity in 71.4% cases but cefixime encountered resistance in 57.1% cases. Conclusion: The study reveals an alarming picture of antimicrobial resistance pattern in Bangladesh Armed Forces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21818 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(2) 2013

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Resistant Serratia sp. Strain HRI, Isolated from a Bottle of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride-Based Disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Mc Carlie ◽  
Julius E. Hellmuth ◽  
Jeffrey Newman ◽  
Charlotte E. Boucher ◽  
Robert R. Bragg
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hybrid Assembly ◽  
Pacbio Sequencing ◽  
Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant issue, and it threatens the prevention and effective treatment of a range of bacterial infections. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant isolate Serratia sp. strain HRI. A hybrid assembly was created using sequences from a first (MiSeq) and second (PacBio) sequencing run. This work is imperative for understanding antimicrobial resistance and adds to the knowledge base for combating multidrug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Multidrug resistant and ESBL-producing Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3045
Author(s):  
Marielen de Souza ◽  
Daniela Aguiar Penha Brito ◽  
Maísa Fabiana Menck-Costa ◽  
Alexandre Oba ◽  
Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Foodborne Infection

Salmonella spp. is one of the main agents responsible for foodborne infection in humans, and products of poultry origin are the most common infection sources. Studies have shown the occurrence of antimicrobials resistant Salmonella spp. in animal products. The Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamase (ESBL) are enzymes that confer to bacteria the ability to hydrolyze cephalosporin with an oximino side chain and monobactams. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance profile, identify phenotypes and genotypes for multiple drug resistance (MDR) and that produce ESBL from isolates of Salmonella spp. in the broiler production chain. We used samples of Salmonella spp. (n=11) isolates from poultry, poultry products and poultry-source environment from the state of Maranhão - Brazil. The isolates of Salmonella spp. assessed showed genotypical and phenotypical characteristics of MDR. The results show that 72.72% (08/11) of the strains presented the phenotypic profile for ESBL production. The isolates showed positivity to at least 13.64% (03/22) of the genes studied and the highest frequencies were observed in genes sul1 (73%), dfrA12 (55%), blaCTX-M (55%), tetA, tetB and tetC, with 45%. In conclusion, the strains of Salmonella spp. isolates present genotypic and phenotypic characteristics for MDR and ESBL production, demonstrating the dissemination risk of these microorganisms through the food chain.

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