The concurrence of chronic diseases among unemployed and employed persons: a register-based study

Abstract Background The first aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among employed and unemployed persons. The second aim was to investigate associations of sociodemographic characteristics with the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Methods Data linkage of large-scale registries on employment status, medication use and sociodemographic characteristics for all Dutch residents in 2016 was applied. In total, 5,074,227 subjects aged 18-65 years were included in the study. The prevalence of six common chronic diseases and multimorbidity was investigated among unemployed and employed persons. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations of sociodemographic characteristics with the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Results Unemployed persons had a higher prevalence of psychological disorders (18.3% vs 5.4%), cardiovascular disease (20.1% vs 8.9%), inflammatory diseases (24.5% vs 15.8%), and respiratory illness (11.7% vs 6.5%) compared to employed persons. Unemployed persons were more likely to have one (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.29-1.31), two (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.73-1.76) and at least three chronic diseases (OR 2.59, 95% CI 2.56-2.61) than employed persons. Older persons, women, lower educated persons and migrants were more likely to have one, two, and at least three chronic diseases. Especially at younger ages, psychological disorders and inflammatory conditions were more prevalent but declined from middle age onwards among unemployed persons, whereas as slight increase from middle age onwards was observed among employed persons. Conclusions Using objective data, this study provided evidence for inequalities in the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity, indicating employment status to be an important determinant of health. Policy measures and health interventions should target chronic diseases and multimorbidity, especially among unemployed persons. Key messages Using objective data, this study showed that unemployed persons had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity compared to employed persons. In particular older persons, women, lower educated persons and migrants were more likely to have chronic diseases and multimorbidity.

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Chronic diseases and multimorbidity among unemployed and employed persons in the Netherlands: a register-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e035037

Author(s):

Berivan Yildiz ◽

Merel Schuring ◽

Marike G Knoef ◽

Alex Burdorf

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Employment Status ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Medication Use ◽

Psychological Disorders ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Conditions

ObjectivesThe first objective of this study was to describe the age-specific prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among unemployed and employed persons. The second objective was to examine associations of employment status and sociodemographic characteristics with chronic diseases and multimorbidity.DesignData linkage of cross-sectional nationwide registries on employment status, medication use and sociodemographic characteristics in 2016 was applied.SettingRegister-based data covering residents in the Netherlands.Participants5 074 227 persons aged 18–65 years were selected with information on employment status, medication use and sociodemographic characteristics.Outcome measuresMultiple logistic regression analysis and descriptive statistics were performed to examine associations of employment and sociodemographic characteristics with the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity. The age-specific prevalence of six common chronic diseases was described, and Venn diagrams were applied for multimorbidity among unemployed and employed persons.ResultsUnemployed persons had a higher prevalence of psychological disorders (18.3% vs 5.4%), cardiovascular diseases (20.1% vs 8.9%), inflammatory diseases (24.5% vs 15.8%) and respiratory diseases (11.7% vs 6.5%) than employed persons. Unemployed persons were more likely to have one (OR 1.30 (1.29–1.31)), two (OR 1.74 (1.73–1.76)) and at least three chronic diseases (OR 2.59 (2.56–2.61)) than employed persons. Among unemployed persons, psychological disorders and inflammatory conditions increased with age but declined from middle age onwards, whereas a slight increase was observed among employed persons. Older persons, women, lower educated persons and migrants were more likely to have chronic diseases.ConclusionLarge differences exist in the prevalence of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among unemployed and employed persons. The age-specific prevalence follows a different pattern among employed and unemployed persons, with a relatively high prevalence of psychological disorders and inflammatory conditions among middle-aged unemployed persons. Policy measures should focus more on promoting employment among unemployed persons with chronic diseases.

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Exploiting Anti-Inflammation Effects of Flavonoids in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200408101550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 2610-2619 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tarique Hussain ◽

Ghulam Murtaza ◽

Huansheng Yang ◽

Muhammad S. Kalhoro ◽

Dildar H. Kalhoro

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Background: Inflammation is a complex response of the host defense system to different internal and external stimuli. It is believed that persistent inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as, inflammatory bowel disease, neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is the main factor responsible for the augmentation of inflammation via various molecular pathways. Therefore, alleviating oxidative stress is effective a therapeutic option against chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods: This review article extends the knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoids targeting inflammatory pathways in chronic diseases, which would be the best approach for the development of suitable therapeutic agents against chronic diseases. Results: Since the inflammatory response is initiated by numerous signaling molecules like NF-κB, MAPK, and Arachidonic acid pathways, their encountering function can be evaluated with the activation of Nrf2 pathway, a promising approach to inhibit/prevent chronic inflammatory diseases by flavonoids. Over the last few decades, flavonoids drew much attention as a potent alternative therapeutic agent. Recent clinical evidence has shown significant impacts of flavonoids on chronic diseases in different in-vivo and in-vitro models. Conclusion: Flavonoid compounds can interact with chronic inflammatory diseases at the cellular level and modulate the response of protein pathways. A promising approach is needed to overlook suitable alternative compounds providing more therapeutic efficacy and exerting fewer side effects than commercially available antiinflammatory drugs.

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Native Chilean Berries Preservation and In Vitro Studies of a Polyphenol Highly Antioxidant Extract from Maqui as a Potential Agent against Inflammatory Diseases

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10060843 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 843

Author(s):

Tamara Ortiz ◽

Federico Argüelles-Arias ◽

Belén Begines ◽

Josefa-María García-Montes ◽

Alejandra Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

In Vitro Studies ◽

Aminosalicylic Acid ◽

Colon Cells ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Maqui Berry ◽

Physiological Benefits

The best conservation method for native Chilean berries has been investigated in combination with an implemented large-scale extract of maqui berry, rich in total polyphenols and anthocyanin to be tested in intestinal epithelial and immune cells. The methanolic extract was obtained from lyophilized and analyzed maqui berries using Folin–Ciocalteu to quantify the total polyphenol content, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) to measure the antioxidant capacity. Determination of maqui’s anthocyanins profile was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS). Viability, cytotoxicity, and percent oxidation in epithelial colon cells (HT-29) and macrophages cells (RAW 264.7) were evaluated. In conclusion, preservation studies confirmed that the maqui properties and composition in fresh or frozen conditions are preserved and a more efficient and convenient extraction methodology was achieved. In vitro studies of epithelial cells have shown that this extract has a powerful antioxidant strength exhibiting a dose-dependent behavior. When lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-macrophages were activated, noncytotoxic effects were observed, and a relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation response was demonstrated. The maqui extract along with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) have a synergistic effect. All of the compiled data pointed out to the use of this extract as a potential nutraceutical agent with physiological benefits for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Machine learning identifies an immunological pattern associated with multiple juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtypes

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 78 (5) ◽

pp. 617-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Erika Van Nieuwenhove ◽

Vasiliki Lagou ◽

Lien Van Eyck ◽

James Dooley ◽

Ulrich Bodenhofer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Data Set ◽

Immune Signature ◽

Systemic Jia

ObjectivesJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common class of childhood rheumatic diseases, with distinct disease subsets that may have diverging pathophysiological origins. Both adaptive and innate immune processes have been proposed as primary drivers, which may account for the observed clinical heterogeneity, but few high-depth studies have been performed.MethodsHere we profiled the adaptive immune system of 85 patients with JIA and 43 age-matched controls with indepth flow cytometry and machine learning approaches.ResultsImmune profiling identified immunological changes in patients with JIA. This immune signature was shared across a broad spectrum of childhood inflammatory diseases. The immune signature was identified in clinically distinct subsets of JIA, but was accentuated in patients with systemic JIA and those patients with active disease. Despite the extensive overlap in the immunological spectrum exhibited by healthy children and patients with JIA, machine learning analysis of the data set proved capable of discriminating patients with JIA from healthy controls with ~90% accuracy.ConclusionsThese results pave the way for large-scale immune phenotyping longitudinal studies of JIA. The ability to discriminate between patients with JIA and healthy individuals provides proof of principle for the use of machine learning to identify immune signatures that are predictive to treatment response group.

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Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum L.—A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24244426 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (24) ◽

pp. 4426 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ming-Shun Wu ◽

Levent Bless B. Aquino ◽

Marjette Ylreb U. Barbaza ◽

Chieh-Lun Hsieh ◽

Kathlia A. De Castro-Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

The Body ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Pharmacological Significance ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Natural Medicines

The use of foodstuff as natural medicines has already been established through studies demonstrating the pharmacological activities that they exhibit. Knowing the nutritional and pharmacological significance of foods enables the understanding of their role against several diseases. Among the foods that can potentially be considered as medicine, is sesame or Sesamum indicum L., which is part of the Pedaliaceae family and is composed of its lignans such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol and sesamolin. Its lignans have been widely studied and are known to possess antiaging, anticancer, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Modern chronic diseases, which can transform into clinical diseases, are potential targets of these lignans. The prime example of chronic diseases is rheumatic inflammatory diseases, which affect the support structures and the organs of the body and can also develop into malignancies. In line with this, studies emphasizing the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of sesame have been discussed in this review.

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Introduction

Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.37.5.01 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 135-136

Author(s):

Siobhan O’Donnell

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Well Being ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Activity Limitations ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Health Related

We are pleased to bring you the second of two special issues on mood and anxiety disorders focussing on data from the 2014 Survey on Living with Chronic Diseases in Canada—Mood and Anxiety Disorder Component (SLCDC-MA). In December of 2016, we published the first issue, which included three articles describing various aspects of Canadian adults with a self-reported diagnosed mood and/or anxiety disorder including their sociodemographic characteristics, health status, activity limitations and level of disability and factors associated with well-being. The three articles in this (second) issue investigate topics related to the management of these disorders. Collectively, the articles explore key sociodemographic factors known to influence health-related outcomes and discuss strategies aimed at promoting the recovery and well-being of Canadian adults with a self-reported mood and/or anxiety disorder diagnosis.

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Incidence of drug-treated chronic diseases using administrative pharmaceutical data

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v4i3.1168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Shaun Purkiss ◽

Tessa Keegel ◽

Hassan Vally ◽

Dennis Wollersheim

Keyword(s):

Chronic Disease ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Survey Data ◽

Census Data ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Self Report ◽

World Health ◽

Population Census ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical

Background Pharmaceutical data can be used to identify the presence of drug-treated chronic diseases (CD) in individuals using assigned World Health Organization Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classifications of medicines prescribed. ATC codes define treatment domains and provides a method to case define CD that has previously been used to estimate CD prevalence within populations. Main Aim We determined selected CD incidence from an administrative pharmaceutical dataset, and compared them with published CD incidence results. Approach An Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) database covering the period 2003-14 was used for this study. The earliest prescriptions exchanged by individuals for an ATC defined CD were identified and the annual count recorded. These values were combined with Australian population census data to calculate the annual incidence of ATC defined CD. Australian PBS derived incidence estimates (PDI) were compared with published Australian and world incidence data. Results The PDI of 16 chronic diseases were compared with incidence estimates using self-report surveys from the literature. Mean percentage differences between PDI estimates varied greatly when compared to survey data (mean 33% (SD ±79%). Diabetes (-29%), gout (4%), glaucoma (69%) and tuberculosis (14%) showed closer associations. In contrast, PDI estimates (n/1000/year) showed particularly high incidence levels as compared with self-report data for dyspepsia (16.9 v 4.5), dyslipidaemia (11.6 v 5.6) and respiratory illness (17.6 v 2.6). Conclusion Incidence estimates of drug treated chronic disease can be obtained using pharmaceutical data and may be a useful source for a number of conditions. Some PDI differ considerably from survey data. The interpretation of PDI requires context on how a particular CD presents. Accuracy and relevance are likely to depend upon how drug treatments relate to the initial management of the chronic disease.

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REFORMS OF CHINA’S HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARKET FOR MEDICAL SERVICES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Economic and social problems of Russia The digital economy Current state and prospects ◽

10.31249/espr/2021.02.01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-32

Author(s):

Elena Pekhtereva ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Large Scale ◽

The United States ◽

Medical Services ◽

National Healthcare ◽

National Healthcare System

The article provides an overview of the state and problems of the healthcare system in China. Since 2009 a large-scale reform of the national healthcare system has been underway, aimed at overcoming the uneven provision of medical services to residents of different regions and different segments of the Chinese population, at reducing the number of chronic diseases and increasing healthcare spendings. Some aspects of the functioning of the medical services market in China, the second largest after the corresponding market in the United States, are also considered. The achievements of the Chinese pharmaceutical industry in the production of vaccines to prevent coronavirus are noted.

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Rationale and Design of the Hamburg City Health Study

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-019-00577-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 169-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Annika Jagodzinski ◽

Christoffer Johansen ◽

Uwe Koch-Gromus ◽

Ghazal Aarabi ◽

Gerhard Adam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digital Media ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Large Scale ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Routine Data ◽

Health Care Use ◽

Health Study ◽

Imaging Biomarker ◽

Risk And Resilience

Abstract The Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) is a large, prospective, long-term, population-based cohort study and a unique research platform and network to obtain substantial knowledge about several important risk and prognostic factors in major chronic diseases. A random sample of 45,000 participants between 45 and 74 years of age from the general population of Hamburg, Germany, are taking part in an extensive baseline assessment at one dedicated study center. Participants undergo 13 validated and 5 novel examinations primarily targeting major organ system function and structures including extensive imaging examinations. The protocol includes validate self-reports via questionnaires regarding lifestyle and environmental conditions, dietary habits, physical condition and activity, sexual dysfunction, professional life, psychosocial context and burden, quality of life, digital media use, occupational, medical and family history as well as healthcare utilization. The assessment is completed by genomic and proteomic characterization. Beyond the identification of classical risk factors for major chronic diseases and survivorship, the core intention is to gather valid prevalence and incidence, and to develop complex models predicting health outcomes based on a multitude of examination data, imaging, biomarker, psychosocial and behavioral assessments. Participants at risk for coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke and dementia are invited for a visit to conduct an additional MRI examination of either heart or brain. Endpoint assessment of the overall sample will be completed through repeated follow-up examinations and surveys as well as related individual routine data from involved health and pension insurances. The study is targeting the complex relationship between biologic and psychosocial risk and resilience factors, chronic disease, health care use, survivorship and health as well as favorable and bad prognosis within a unique, large-scale long-term assessment with the perspective of further examinations after 6 years in a representative European metropolitan population.

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Children’s Height and Parental Unemployment: A Large-Scale Anthropometric Study on Eastern Germany, 1994–2006

German Economic Review ◽

10.1111/j.1468-0475.2009.00478.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jörg Baten ◽

Andreas Böhm

Keyword(s):

Employment Status ◽

Large Scale ◽

Psychological Effects ◽

Average Height ◽

Panel Analysis ◽

Individual Level ◽

Parental Unemployment ◽

The Individual ◽

Anthropometric Study

Abstract The average height of children is an indicator of the quality of nutrition and healthcare. In this study, we assess the effect of unemployment and other factors on this variable. In the Eastern German Land of Brandenburg, a dataset of 253,050 preschool height measurements was compiled and complemented with information on parents’ schooling and employment status. Unemployment might have negative psychological effects, with an impact on parental care. Both a panel analysis of districts and an assessment at the individual level yield the result that increasing unemployment, net out-migration and fertility were in fact reducing height.

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