Different but not opposed: perceptions between fishing sectors on the status and management of a crab fishery

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 2354-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Obregón ◽  
James R Tweedley ◽  
Neil R Loneragan ◽  
Michael Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Sustainable Fishery ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Western Australian

Abstract Fisher perceptions are a useful source of information that allows changes in stocks to be detected quickly and indicate the social acceptability of different management regulations. Yet traditionally, such information is rarely employed when developing management approaches. Face-to-face interviews were used to elicit recreational and commercial fishers’ perceptions of a crab (Portunus armatus) fishery in three south-western Australian estuaries. Differences in the perceived changes in the average size of crabs and fishing effort, reported concerns and supported solutions were detected among the recreational fishers utilizing the three estuaries and between recreational and commercial fishers in the Peel-Harvey Estuary. However, some common views were expressed by recreational and commercial fishers, with both sectors stating concerns over recreational fisher compliance and increased fishing and environmental pressures. While both sectors believed that reducing fishing and increasing compliance would benefit crab stocks, the mechanisms for achieving this differed. Recreational fishers favoured increasing the length of the seasonal closure, while commercial fishers favoured the introduction of a recreational shore-based fishing licence. These findings suggest that sector- and estuary-specific management rules may better facilitate the amelioration of pressures affecting individual estuaries and could contribute towards a more socially and biologically sustainable fishery.

scholarly journals TURN TAKING STRATEGIES AND ITS RELATIONS TO EFL LEARNERS’ PERSONALITY AND POWER IN THE INTERACTION OF ENGLISH CONVERSATION CLASS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Rohmatul Fitriyah Dewi ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Ahmad Munir
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Status ◽  
Conversation Class

Conversation is a pivotal spoken discourse needs to be practiced by EFL learners in the classroom. The successful of conversation can be achieved through turn taking strategies as the important part of the conversation. In fact, the way of EFL learners’ turn taking strategies is influenced by the social context where it is employed. This study is aimed at examining social contexts based on how EFL learners’ social personality and power influence their turn taking strategies during the interaction in English conversation class. Since this study depicts naturally occurring interaction, a qualitative approach is applied. By conducting participant observation, the data is gained from EFL learners spoken interactions by using audio recording. The findings reveal that turn taking strategy employed by the learners result their different personality. Besides, the role of power also reflects the participants’ social roles. The higher the status of participants, the more influence the language is in face-to-face interaction. In conclusion, the intertwined of language and social context is beneficial for the learners to motivate them in functioning the language. 

Government Pamphlets on the War

1944 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Francis O. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Face To Face ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The People ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Status ◽  
War Effort ◽  
We The People ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Intelligent Action

In a democracy, understanding is an essential ingredient of intelligent action. We the people cannot be expected to play our proper rôle in the drama unfolding before us today if we are not kept informed about the why and the how of the war. We ought to know our enemies, and their mad dream of world conquest. We ought to know our Allies and the sacrifices they are making to win a war which we could never have won without their help. We ought to know what we as individuals can do to bring our enemies to their knees more quickly. And finally, we ought to know something about the things we are fighting for. In the words of Mr. Elmer Davis, director of the Office of War Information, “This is a people's war, and to win it the people should know as much about it as they can.”To help “facilitate the development of an informed and intelligent understanding … of the status and progress of the war effort”—according to the executive order creating the OWI—the federal government has utilized five main media: motion pictures, the press, radio, graphics, and face-to-face discussion. While reaching a more limited audience, government pamphlets have served as an invaluable sixth medium. A review of a select list of the pamphlets about the war on the world front may be of particular interest to political scientists for two reasons: (1) the publication and distribution of such pamphlets is one important phase of the wartime activities of our government; and (2) they are an excellent source of information for teachers and other community leaders upon whose shoulders has fallen much of the responsibility for keeping our people informed about the war.

scholarly journals TIPE PERIKANAN DAN STATUS SUMBERDAYA IKAN TERUBUK (Tenualosa macrura, Bleeker 1852), DI PERAIRAN ESTUARIN BENGKALIS DAN SELAT PANJANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Suwarso Suwarso ◽  
Muhammad Taufik ◽  
Akhmad Zamroni
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Protandrous Hermaphrodite ◽  
Average Size

Ikan terubuk (Tenualosa spp.) adalah ikan estuarin bersifat ‘protandrous hermaphrodite’ dan endemik di estuarin sekitar Bengkalis. Jenis Tenualosa macrura ditemukan di sekitar Bengkalis (Riau), jenis T. ilisha di sekitar Labuhan Batu dan Labuhan Bilik (Sumatra Utara), sedangkan T. toli ditemukan di perairan pantai barat Pemangkat (Kalbar). Sumber daya terubuk di sekitar Bengkalis saat ini sangat menurun akibat eksploitasi dan recruitment overfishing meskipun pembatasan penangkapan telah diterapkan. Tulisan ini membahas status sumber daya ikan terubuk di sekitar Bengkalis dan Selat Panjang berdasarkan data monitoring hasil tangkapan periode 2014-2016 dan observasi lapangan selama 2015-2016. Ikan terubuk merupakan ikan dominan dari enam jenis hasil tangkapan pada gill net, jumlahnya sekitar 15% dari total hasil tangkapan, upaya penangkapan tergolong intensif sehingga penurunan upaya yang dilakukan ternyata kurang signifikan, bahkan pada saat close season dan close area (September sampai November) upaya penangkapan cenderung tinggi. Kondisi ini tentu tidak sesuai dengan tujuan perlindungan terbatas dan konservasi jenis yang diterapkan. Penurunan populasi terubuk tampak nyata dalam bentuk hasil tangkapan (CPUE), sex ratio maupun produksi pendaratan. Ikan kategori “Pias” (ikan jantan) tetap dominan dan semakin banyak, sebaliknya kategori “Terubuk” (ikan betina matang gonad) semakin sedikit, artinya ukuran rata-rata ikan juga semakin kecil. Keberadaan populasi ikan terubuk di sekitar P. Tiga (Kab. Kepulauan Meranti) dengan kondisi matang gonad dan secara genetik memiliki pola DNA yang sama dengan yang berada di Bengkalis. Perluasan daerah konservasi dan perlindungan terbatas terhadap stok-stok tersebut disarankan.The terubuk (Tenualosa spp) or shads, is a estuarine and endemic ‘protandrous hermaphrodite’ fish species. Species Tenualosa macrura is found in estuarine waters around Bengkalis (Riau Province), T. ilisha around Labuhan Batu and Labuhan Bilik (North Sumatera Province) while T. toli in west coast of Pemangkat (West Kalimantan Province). The terubuk reosurce in Bengkalis water is heavily degraded due to high exploitation and recruitment overfishing eventhough fishing limitation is applied. This paper is discussing the status of terubuk/longtail shad (Tenualosa macrura) resources in Bengkalis estuarine and Selat Panjang waters (Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti) base on data of 2014-2016 catch monitoring data and field observation during 2015-2016. Terubuk is one of 6 dominant catches from gillnet, contributing about 15% of all catch. The fishing effort was so intensive even though management measure is applied to reduce its exploitation. During the close season when fishing on terubuk is banned (in September to November) as well as the ban in close area , the fishing effort has been still high. This condition is not in line with the objective of protecting the terubuk resources. Therefore, this condition must be changed and returned to objective of “limited protection” and “species conservation” by adopting a more strict rule on limiting fishing effort on terubuk through an evaluation. The decreasing of terubuk population can be seen from CPUE, sex ratio and also in landing, short time (2012 – 2016) and long time (18 years). In overall, the “Pias” (adult male) individuals remainned dominant and wereeven getting more in number, while the “Terubuk” (adult female) on the contrary, which means that the average size of actual fish cought was getting smaller. The existence of terubuk population around Pulau Tiga (Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti) with mature gonad would share the same genetic pattern with population from Bengkalis. This explaines the connectivity between two stocks, at least there might be another spawning stock other than Bengkalis’s. The expand of the conservation area and limited protection on those stocks is highly recommended.

Racism

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Pettigrew
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cultural Racism ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Status Differences

Racism is a doctrine that holds that the world’s human population consists of various “races” that are the primary determinants of human traits and capacities. This doctrine typically regards one’s own race as superior to other races. Intergroup hatred and discrimination generally accompanies racist doctrines. Social science investigates racism at three interrelated levels. First, individual racism involves those individuals who hold racist beliefs. Here racist ideas often overlap with such concepts as prejudice, xenophobia, bigotry, and intolerance. But the key distinguishing feature of individual racism is that the group differences are viewed as innate and unchangeable. If assimilation or conversion is viewed as possible, then intolerance is involved but not racism. Second, situational racism occurs when racist behavior is shaped by the social context. This occurs when face-to-face situations are patterned, based on racist beliefs, to place one group in an inferior position in intergroup interaction. This occurs, for example, when one racial group in a situation possesses most of the resources that emphasize the status differences between the groups. Finally, third, structural and cultural racism results when a society’s institutions are shaped by racist beliefs and results in group discrimination. Indeed, racism’s effects can invade virtually all of a society’s institutions. Thus, racism differentiates human beings from one another by presumed “races,” and this leads to unequal access to resources and opportunities as well as to other forms of inequality such as gender-, ethnic-, and class-based inequity. Much of the research on racism has focused on anti-Black racism in the United States; but non-American references with other racist targets are included.

scholarly journals Following ties and traces of migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachele Bezzini ◽  
Gilles De Rapper ◽  
Ana Cristina Irian
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Religious Conversion ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Status

The Albanian town of Gjirokastër is located 30 kilometers from the Greek border. While this proximity has inevitably contributed to directing migration flows to Greece, the focus of this article is to understand the characteristics of migration from Gjirokastër to Italy – the second destination for Albanian migrants after Greece. Findings will show how, despite its marginality, migration from Gjirokastër to Italy plays a significant role in remaking the symbolic boundaries within the social space under consideration. Based on a short period of ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in the summer of 2015, this research follows the ties and traces of migration from Gjirokastër to Italy through an experimental analysis of the town’s visual landscape and soundscape and that of the narratives which emerged from photo-elicitation sessions and face-to-face interviews with individuals related to Albanian migrants in Italy. Thanks to the analysis of both these public and private spheres, the article specifically proposes an understanding of the migration phenomenon which focuses on its transformative role within the place of origin, its categories and its hierarchies.In particular, we will see how migration to Italy may become a way to transform the status of Muslim Albanians vis-à-vis Orthodox Albanians in Gjirokastër through religious conversion to Catholicism, as well as as through the opportunities provided by learning the Italian language. In fact, both language learning and religious conversion – either before or after migration – seem to act as tools for social mobility on an individual basis. This concerns not only migrants, but also their kin and, more extensively, the local population of Gjirokastër through infrastructures (church, honorary consulate, school, etc.) indirectly linked with migration to Italy.

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE COURT AS A PREREQUISITE FOR THE LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY OF A JUDGE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Skoromnyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern System ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article reveals the conceptual foundations of the social responsibility of the court as an important prerequisite for the legal responsibility of a judge. It has been established that the problem of court and judge liability is regulated by the following international and Ukrainian documents, such as: 1) European Charter on the Law «On the Status of Judges» adopted by the Council of Europe; 2) The Law of Ukraine «On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges»; 3) the Constitution of Ukraine; 4) The Code of Judicial Ethics, approved by the Decision of the XI (regular) Congress of Judges of Ukraine; 5) Recommendation CM/Rec (2010) 12 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Council of Europe to member states regarding judges: independence, efficiency and responsibilities; 6) Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct. The results of a survey conducted by the Democratic Initiatives Foundation and the Razumkov Center, the Council of Judges of Ukraine and the Center for Judicial Studios with the support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation based on the «Monitoring of the State of Independence of Judges in Ukraine – 2012» as part of the study of the level of trust in the modern system were considered and analyzed, justice, judges and courts. It is determined that a judge has both a legal and a moral duty to impartially, independently, in a timely manner and comprehensively consider court cases and make fair judicial decisions, administering justice on the basis of legislative norms. Based on the study of the practice of litigation, it has been proven that judges must skillfully operate with various instruments of protection from public influence. It has been established that in order to ensure the protection of judges from the public, it is necessary to create special units that will function as part of judicial self-government bodies. It was proposed that the Council of Judges of Ukraine, which acts as the highest body of judicial self- government in our state (in Ukraine), legislate the provision on ensuring the protection of the procedural independence of judges.

Conclusion: Rethinking Punishment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Fassin
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ideal Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

If punishment is not what we say it is, if it is not justified by the reasons we invoke, if it facilitates repeat offenses instead of preventing them, if it punishes in excess of the seriousness of the act, if it sanctions according to the status of the offender rather than to the gravity of the offense, if it targets social groups defined beforehand as punishable, and if it contributes to producing and reproducing disparities, then does it not itself precisely undermine the social order? And must we not start to rethink punishment, not only in the ideal language of philosophy and law but also in the uncomfortable reality of social inequality and political violence?

The Social Consequences of Phubbing

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariek Vanden Abeele
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expectancy Violations ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Social

Recent empirical work suggests that phubbing, a term used to describe the practice of snubbing someone with a phone during a face-to-face social interaction, harms the quality of social relationships. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this chapter presents a framework that integrates three concurrent mechanisms that explain the relational impact of phubbing: expectancy violations, ostracism, and attentional conflict. Based on this framework, theoretically grounded propositions are formulated that may serve as guidelines for future research on these mechanisms, the conditions under which they operate, and a number of potential issues that need to be considered to further validate and extend the framework.

Slave Women and Their Descendants among the Upper Classes in Tetouan, Morocco (1859–1956): Between Recognition and Conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 036319902096739
Author(s):  
Josep Lluís Mateo Dieste
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Slave Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Determinant Factor

In the Arab world, the recognized children of elite men and slave women could adopt the status of their father, ignoring the slave origin of the mother, owing to a system of patrilineal transmission. This regime co-existed with negative stereotypes toward slaves and blackness, despite the very fact that—as this study of notable families in Tetouan between 1859 and 1956 demonstrates—skin color was not the determinant factor to form part of this group. Rather, it was based on the social definition of filiation, leading to legal disputes between family members to delineate the boundaries of kinship.

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