scholarly journals 1439Hepatitis B prevalence in the Indian Subcontinent: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Hogan ◽  
Kate McBride ◽  
Andrew Page ◽  
Sameer Dixit
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Hbv Prevalence

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are a major global health burden. Although a vaccine exists for HBV, some developing nations still struggle to reduce prevalence. While the countries within the Indian Subcontinent have vaccination programs, HBV prevalence varies. It is important to identify population groups at risk. Methods Several databases were systematically searched for papers appropriate studies. Studies were included if the sample population lived within one of the selected countries and had no other existing health issues. The studies were assessed for risk of bias, and pooled estimates were created. Subgroups which were assessed included countries, sex, rural and urban populations. Results The pooled prevalence of all studies (N = 56) was 4%. For the countries with multiple included studies, the prevalence for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal were calculated as 3%, 6%, 5% and 1% respectively. Most of the studies were assessed as being of reasonable quality. There was a chance that publication bias was present. Conclusions While some of the populations had the expected prevalence for the country in which the study was set, other subpopulations had higher prevalence. The highest HBV prevalence was found in displaced persons and those engaging in risk taking behaviours, however some high prevalence groups did not have a clear reason. Key messages Although HBV prevalence in general is lower at present than in the past, there are still at-risk groups with higher prevalence than the general population.

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in china during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 009121742097800
Author(s):  
Syeda Beenish Bareeqa ◽  
Syed Ijlal Ahmed ◽  
Syeda Sana Samar ◽  
Waqas Yasin ◽  
Sani Zehra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background The novel coronavirus disease which is believed to have initially originated in Wuhan city of China at the end of 2019 was declared as pandemic by March 2020 by WHO. This pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of communities around the globe. This project draws data from available research to quantify COVID-19 mental health issues and its prevalence in China during the early period of the COVID-19 crisis. It is believed that this pooling of data will give fair estimate of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Methods We conducted this study in accordance with PRISMA guidelines 2009. The protocol for this review is registered and published in PROSPERO (CRD42020182893). The databases used were Pubmed, Medline, Google scholar and Scopus. The studies were extracted according to pre-defined eligibility criteria and risk of bias assessment was conducted. The Meta-analysis was done using OpenMeta [analyst]. Results Total of 62382 participants in nineteen studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Stress was the most prevalent (48.1%) mental health consequence of Covid-19 pandemic, followed by depression (26.9%) and anxiety (21.8%). After performing subgroup analysis, prevalence of depression and anxiety in both females and frontline health care workers were high as compared to the prevalence in general Chinese population. Conclusion The prevalence of depression and anxiety is moderately high whereas pooled prevalence of stress was found to be very high in Chinese people during this Covid-19 crisis.

scholarly journals Mindfulness and Shinrin-Yoku: Potential for Physiological and Psychological Interventions during Uncertain Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9340
Author(s):  
Erica R. Timko Olson ◽  
Margaret M. Hansen ◽  
Amber Vermeesch
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
The Relationship

Mindfulness and Shinrin-yoku (SY) translated as forest bathing, is potentially effective to alleviate mental health issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The purpose of this article is to provide a translational and pragmatic approach to understanding mindfulness in the context of SY and psychological wellbeing through a rapid review of the literature. The background of mindfulness and SY practice are discussed and the emotional, neuroendocrine, and neurobiological responses are examined. Next, a rapid review of the literature examined six studies, published between 2010 and 2020 to determine what is known regarding the relationship between SY, mindfulness, and psychological wellbeing. The studies included 21–360 participants with a mean age of 20–55 years. The results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between nature, mindfulness, and measures of psychological wellbeing. During uncertain events, including COVID-19, weaving mindfulness with SY may be specifically important to at-risk groups, those experiencing depression, loneliness, and social isolation, and at-risk populations such as college students, veterans, and professionals with high levels of stress. The goal of this review is to provide a thorough background and support of this cost-effective modality to promote overall psychological wellbeing as a preventative measure to those at risk or experiencing psychological illnesses.

HPV and its high-risk genotypes in Middle Eastern countries: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 595-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Zare ◽  
Nasibeh Roozbeh ◽  
Pouran Akhavan Akbari ◽  
Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi ◽  
Masumeh Ghazanfarpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Background: HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Determining the geographic distribution of HPV genotypes is a major step in the implementation of cervical cancer screening. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV and its high-risk genotypes in Middle Eastern countries. Materials & methods: MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and ProQuest were searched from 2005 to 2018. The quality of the studies was determined by Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Fixed/random effects models were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence. Results: The pooled prevalence of HPV was 12.3 and 5.2%. The prevalence of HPV in Africa (22%) was higher than that in Eurasia (8.3%) and Asia (12.6%). The prevalence of HPV was 14.4, 8.3, 22 and 10.2% in Iran, Turkey, Egypt and Arab countries, respectively. The prevalence of high-risk-HPV in the above-mentioned countries was 6.5, 6.2, 6.5 and 3.7%. Conclusion: Prevalence of HPV was increased in the Middle East. This highlights the need for public education, screening and vaccination programs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of celiac disease in low and high risk population in Asia–Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ashtari ◽  
Hadis Najafimehr ◽  
Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi ◽  
Kamran Rostami ◽  
Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of CD in low and high risk groups in this region. Following keywords were searched in the Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane database according to the MeSH terms; celiac disease, prevalence, high risk population and Asian-Pacific region. Prevalence studies published from January 1991 to March 2018 were selected. Prevalence of CD with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using STATA software, version 14. The pooled sero-prevalence of CD among low risk group in Asia–Pacific region was 1.2% (95% CI 0.8–1.7%) in 96,099 individuals based on positive anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-t-TG Ab) and/or anti-endomysial antibodies (EMA). The pooled prevalence of biopsy proven CD in Asia–Pacific among high and low risk groups was 4.3% (95% CI 3.3–5.5%) and 0.61% (95% CI 0.4–0.8%) in 10,719 and 70,344 subjects, respectively. In addition, the pooled sero-prevalence and prevalence of CD in general population was significantly higher in children compared with adults and it was significantly greater in female vs. male (P < 0.05). Our results suggest high risk individuals of CD are key group that should be specifically targeted for prevention and control measures, and screening may prove to have an optimal cost–benefit ratio.

scholarly journals The prevalence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuma Diriba ◽  
Ephrem Awulachew ◽  
Kuma Diribsa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Listeriosis is one of the important emerging zoonotic disease affecting human health following the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin. It results in serious clinical complications in humans with a high case facility rate. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Listeria species in Ethiopia. Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. All identified observational studies reporting the prevalence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia were included. Three authors independently extracted data and analyzed them using STATA Version 13 statistical software. A random effects model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of Listeria species in Ethiopia. Results After reviewing 122 studies, five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The findings from the five studies revealed that the pooled prevalence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia was 27% (95% CI 25, 29). The highest prevalence of Listeria species was reported in beef meat followed by ice cream with prevalence rates of 62% (95% CI 50, 75) and 43% (95% CI 33, 53), respectively. Conclusion The presence of Listeria species in different food items of animal and plant origin in Ethiopia is an indicator of the presence of public health hazards to the consumer, particularly to the high-risk groups. Hence, awareness creation on food safety and implementation of regulations is strongly recommended.

scholarly journals Parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its association with sex and perceptions of young people in Ethiopia, 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melaku Yalew ◽  
Bezawit Adane ◽  
Bereket Kefale ◽  
Yitayish Damtie ◽  
Mastewal Arefaynie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background There is no national representative and conclusive data regarding parent-young communication. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its association with sex and perceptions of young people about its importance in Ethiopia, 2020. Methods The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) was used during systematic review and meta-analysis. The study included both published and gray literatures which were searched using appropriate key terms. The articles were searched from different databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Global Health, HINARI and Google scholar. Data were extracted in a Microsoft Excel sheet and STATA/SE 14 was used for meta-analysis. I2 and Egger test statistics were used to test heterogeneity and publication bias respectively. Results Twenty-nine articles were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Ethiopia was 42.96% [95% CI: (36.91, 49.02)]. Positive perception of young people towards parent-young communication [AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: (2.87, 4.86)] and female sex [AOR = 1.62, 95% CI: (1.12, 2.34)] were significantly associated with parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. Conclusions The prevalence of parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Ethiopia was low as compared to other literatures conducted outside Ethiopia. Both perceptions of young people towards parent-young communication and sex were significantly associated with parent-young communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. Interventions targeting males and young who had negative perceptions regarding parent-young communication should be the primary focus of the government and their parents. Review registration The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO International prospective of systematic reviews with a specific registration number: CRD42020161252.

scholarly journals Parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maru Mekie ◽  
Dagne Addisu ◽  
Abenezer Melkie ◽  
Wubet Taklual
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Parent Communication ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Every year, 1.3 million young people reported to die from preventable causes of death. Parent-adolescent communication on sexuality is critical in informing youth about risk and protective behaviors which in turn decrease the likelihood of involvement in risky sexual behaviors. This systematic review and meta-analysis was intended to assess the prevalence of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, HINARI, Google Scholar, and University repositories were used to search studies. Article search was conducted from May 20 to June 9, 2020. Critical appraisal of studies was conducted using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data analysis was conducted using Stata 11 software following the abstraction of data using a format prepared on Microsoft excel. The heterogeneity of studies was tested using Cochran (Q test) and I2 test statistics. Similarly, funnel plot and Egger’s regression asymmetry were used to assess publication bias. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on study Regions and sample size. Result Fourteen studies with sample of 8018 adolescents were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in Ethiopia was found to be 45.18% (95%, CI, 32.23, 58.13%). Adolescents’ knowledge of reproductive health matters (OR = 2.91, 95% CI:1.21, 7.01), believe on importance of discussion on SRH issues (OR = 4.18, 95% CI: 2.63, 6.65), had history of sexual exposure (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.53, 2.50), parents openness to discuss SRH issues (OR = 3.39, 95% CI: (2.48, 4.62), and being female (OR = 1.60, 95% CI:1.07, 2.38) were the positive predictors of parent-adolescent communications on SRH issues. Conclusion The prevalence of parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues was found to be low. Knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health matters, believe on the importance of discussion on reproductive health issues, history of sexual exposure, parents’ openness to discuss SRH issues, and being female were found to be the positive predictors of parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues in Ethiopia. The finding our study indicated that evidence based education about reproductive health matters could significant to improve adolescent parent communication on SRH issues.

scholarly journals 946HIV prevalence and common risk factors in three at-risk populations in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Chiaotzu Lee ◽  
Ashraf Docrat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Injecting Drug Use ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
The Common

Abstract Background Despite the continuing decline of HIV/AIDS incidence and prevalence in the general population of Vietnam, HIV rates remains high in three key subpopulations: injecting drug users (IDUs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSWs). This study aims to identify the common sociodemographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors among three key populations for HIV infection in Vietnam. Methods This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise findings from published studies on HIV prevalence and associated risk factors among the three at-risk groups. Five electronic databases were used to identify peer-reviewed articles in relevant topics. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to estimate pooled prevalence in the combined study population and to determine the effect sizes of the common risk factors on HIV outcome. Results Of the 18 included studies, 6 focused on IDUs, 8 on FSWs and 4 on MSM, accounting for a total of 16,304 participants. The overall prevalence of HIV among the three at-risk groups based on meta-analysis was 11.8% (95%CI: 0.072-0.188). The identified common risk behaviours for HIV infection included injecting drug use (OR: 21.3, 95%CI: 6.5-69.3), sharing injecting equipment (OR: 4.2, 95%CI: 2.1-8.2) and inconsistent condom use (OR: 2.6, 95%CI: 1.5-4.4). The associated socio-demographic characteristics with HIV (+) included young age, single/ unmarried, low education and income. Conclusions/Key messages The findings of this study suggested that injecting drug use may can contribute to developing more affective prevention measures targeting these high-risk groups and reducing the risk of HIV transmission to the general population.

scholarly journals Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (52) ◽  
pp. 1-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Wright ◽  
Melissa Barry ◽  
Ellen Hughes ◽  
Dominic Trépel ◽  
Shehzad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Parenting Interventions ◽  
Attachment Disorders ◽  
Attachment Problems

Background and objectivesServices have variable practices for identifying and providing interventions for ‘severe attachment problems’ (disorganised attachment patterns and attachment disorders). Several government reports have highlighted the need for better parenting interventions in at-risk groups. This report was commissioned to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions for children with severe attachment problems (the main review). One supplementary review explored the evaluation of assessment tools and a second reviewed 10-year outcome data to better inform health economic aspects of the main review.Data sourcesA total of 29 electronic databases were searched with additional mechanisms for identifying a wide pool of references using the Cochrane methodology. Examples of databases searched include PsycINFO (1806 to January week 1, 2012), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (1946 to December week 4, 2011) and EMBASE (1974 to week 1, 2012). Searches were carried out between 6 and 12 January 2012.Review methodsPapers identified were screened and data were extracted by two independent reviewers, with disagreements arbitrated by a third independent reviewer. Quality assessment tools were used, including quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies – version 2 and the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of parenting interventions was undertaken. A health economics analysis was conducted.ResultsThe initial search returned 10,167 citations. This yielded 29 RCTs in the main review of parenting interventions to improve attachment patterns, and one involving children with reactive attachment disorder. A meta-analysis of eight studies seeking to improve outcome in at-risk populations showed statistically significant improvement in disorganised attachment. The interventions saw less disorganised attachment at outcome than the control (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.34 to 0.65;p < 0.00001). Much of this focused around interventions improving maternal sensitivity, with or without video feedback. In our first supplementary review, 35 papers evaluated an attachment assessment tool demonstrating validity or psychometric data. Only five reported test–retest data. Twenty-six studies reported inter-rater reliability, with 24 reporting a level of 0.7 or above. Cronbach’s alphas were reported in 12 studies for the comparative tests (11 with α > 0.7) and four studies for the reference tests (four with α > 0.7). Three carried out concurrent validity comparing the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) with another assessment tool. These had good sensitivity but poor specificity. The Disturbances of Attachment Interview had good sensitivity and specificity with the research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for attachment disorders. In our supplementary review of 10-year outcomes in cohorts using a baseline reference standard, two studies were found with disorganised attachment at baseline, with one finding raised psychopathology in adolescence. Budget impact analysis of costs was estimated because a decision model could not be justifiably populated. This, alongside other findings, informed research priorities.LimitationsThere are relatively few UK-based clinical trials. A 10-year follow-up, while necessary for our health economists for long-term sequelae, yielded a limited number of papers.ConclusionsMaternal sensitivity interventions show good outcomes in at-risk populations, but require further research with complex children. The SSP and RDC for attachment disorders remain the reference standards for identification until more concurrent and predictive validity research is conducted. A birth cohort with sequential attachment measures and outcomes across different domains is recommended with further, methodologically sound randomised controlled intervention trials. The main area identified for future work was a need for good-quality RCTs in at-risk groups such as those entering foster care or adoption.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42011001395.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on European Students’ Negative Emotional Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Patrick Oliveira Carvalho ◽  
Thorben Hülsdünker ◽  
Fraser Carson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reporting Data

Considerable changes to higher education approaches, as a response to the global coronavirus pandemic, has increased the stress on university students. The impact of these changes has had an effect on the negative emotional symptoms being experienced, which can lead to more severe mental health issues. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress during the coronavirus lockdown. A systematic review of three electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline) was conducted, with 13 studies from different European countries reporting data on students and their negative emotional symptoms identified. The random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis on anxiety, depression and stress. The overall pooled prevalence rate was 55% (95% CI: 45–64%) for anxiety, 63% (95% CI: 52–73%) for depression and 62% (95% CI: 43–79%) for stress. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on negative emotional symptoms has been serious with studies reporting high prevalence rates for these. Isolation, reduced social contact, duration of quarantine and restrictions, which are the characteristics of a lockdown, played an important role in increased negative emotional symptoms for students. Countries have to be aware of this situation and develop mental support strategies to mitigate the impact.

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