The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on European Students’ Negative Emotional Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Considerable changes to higher education approaches, as a response to the global coronavirus pandemic, has increased the stress on university students. The impact of these changes has had an effect on the negative emotional symptoms being experienced, which can lead to more severe mental health issues. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence of anxiety, depression and stress during the coronavirus lockdown. A systematic review of three electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline) was conducted, with 13 studies from different European countries reporting data on students and their negative emotional symptoms identified. The random-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis on anxiety, depression and stress. The overall pooled prevalence rate was 55% (95% CI: 45–64%) for anxiety, 63% (95% CI: 52–73%) for depression and 62% (95% CI: 43–79%) for stress. The impact of the coronavirus pandemic on negative emotional symptoms has been serious with studies reporting high prevalence rates for these. Isolation, reduced social contact, duration of quarantine and restrictions, which are the characteristics of a lockdown, played an important role in increased negative emotional symptoms for students. Countries have to be aware of this situation and develop mental support strategies to mitigate the impact.

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Diabetes among tuberculosis patients and its impact on tuberculosis treatment in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81057-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sanju Gautam ◽

Nipun Shrestha ◽

Sweta Mahato ◽

Tuan P. A. Nguyen ◽

Shiva Raj Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

South Asia ◽

Treatment Outcomes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Effect Model ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe escalating burden of diabetes is increasing the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and has a pervasive impact on TB treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the burden of diabetes among TB patients and assess its impact on TB treatment in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for observational (cross-sectional, case–control and cohort) studies that reported prevalence of diabetes in TB patients and published between 1 January 1980 and 30 July 2020. A random-effect model for computing the pooled prevalence of diabetes and a fixed-effect model for assessing its impact on TB treatment were used. The review was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42020167896. Of the 3463 identified studies, a total of 74 studies (47 studies from India, 10 from Pakistan, four from Nepal and two from both Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka) were included in this systematic review: 65 studies for the prevalence of diabetes among TB patients and nine studies for the impact of diabetes on TB treatment outcomes. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in TB patients was 21% (95% CI 18.0, 23.0; I2 98.3%), varying from 11% in Bangladesh to 24% in Sri-Lanka. The prevalence was higher in studies having a sample size less than 300 (23%, 95% CI 18.0, 27.0), studies conducted in adults (21%, 95% CI 18.0, 23.0) and countries with high TB burden (21%, 95% CI 19.0, 24.0). Publication bias was detected based on the graphic asymmetry of the funnel plot and Egger’s test (p < 0.001). Compared with non-diabetic TB patients, patients with TB and diabetes were associated with higher odds of mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI 1.2, 2.51; I2 19.4%) and treatment failure (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1, 2.4; I2 49.6%), but not associated with Multi-drug resistant TB (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.6, 1.7; I2 40.7%). This study found a high burden of diabetes among TB patients in South Asia. Patients with TB-diabetes were at higher risk of treatment failure and mortality compared to TB alone. Screening for diabetes among TB patients along with planning and implementation of preventive and curative strategies for both TB and diabetes are urgently needed.

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The Prevalence of Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838020958057 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 152483802095805

Author(s):

Unnati Patel ◽

Ronald Roesch

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Health Impacts ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

Study Setting

The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the prevalence of technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) within the adolescent and adult population regarding victimization and perpetration. In addition to the primary aim, associated health outcomes with TFSV were discussed through a qualitative lens. Specific forms of TFSV that were examined include distribution of, production of, and threats to distribute sexual material involving another individual without that person’s consent via images or videos; 425 articles from MEDLINE, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, Criminal Justice Abstracts, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Google Scholar were screened. Nineteen articles (comprising 20 independent samples) reporting prevalence rates of TFSV on 32,247 participants were included in this random-effects meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of victimization results revealed that 8.8% of people have had their image or video-based sexts shared without consent, 7.2% have been threatened with sext distribution, and 17.6% have had their image taken without permission. Regarding perpetration, 12% have shared sexts beyond the intended recipient, 2.7% have threatened to share sexts, and 8.9% have nonconsensually taken an image. Moderator variables included publication year, mean participant age, proportion of female participants, and study setting, with meta-regression analyses revealing no significant predictors. Finally, a qualitative analysis of nine articles ( n = 3,990) was conducted to assess mental health associations with TFSV victimization, revealing significant mental health impacts, including anxiety, depression, and poor coping, for victims.

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Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13122411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2411

Author(s):

Annie Kalonda ◽

Marvin Phonera ◽

Ngonda Saasa ◽

Masahiro Kajihara ◽

Catherine G. Sutcliffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Influenza A ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Animal Health ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Influenza Surveillance ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Impact

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza D virus (IDV) in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa. PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS) were searched for studies on IAV and IDV from 2000 to 2020. Pooled prevalence and seroprevalences were estimated using the quality effects meta-analysis model. The estimated pooled prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in pigs in Africa was 1.6% (95% CI: 0–5%) and 14.9% (95% CI: 5–28%), respectively. The seroprevalence of IDV was 87.2% (95% CI: 24–100%) in camels, 9.3% (95% CI: 0–24%) in cattle, 2.2% (95% CI: 0–4%) in small ruminants and 0.0% (95% CI: 0–2%) in pigs. In pigs, H1N1 and H1N1pdm09 IAVs were commonly detected. Notably, the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was also detected in pigs. Other subtypes detected serologically and/or virologically included H3N8 and H7N7 in equids, H1N1, and H3N8 and H5N1 in dogs and cats. Furthermore, various wildlife animals were exposed to different IAV subtypes. For prudent mitigation of influenza epizootics and possible human infections, influenza surveillance efforts in Africa should not neglect non-human mammalian hosts. The impact of IAV and IDV in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa deserves further investigation.

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HIV-Tuberculous Meningitis Co-infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666200730143906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Purmohamad ◽

Taher Azimi ◽

Mohammad Javad Nasiri ◽

Mehdi Goudarzi ◽

Moein Zangiabadian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Tuberculous Meningitis ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

High Prevalence

: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons are at a higher risk of developing Tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We aimed to estimate the prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. We systematically searched Pubmed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane library databases from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2017, to find relevant studies. We employed the random-effects meta-analysis model to estimate the pooled prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. Twenty-six eligible studies showed the prevalence of HIV in TBM patients. In the pooled analyses, the prevalence of HIV was 30% (95% CI: 12-47) in patients with confirmed TBM, and 12.1% (95% CI: 7.3-19.2) in patients with suspected TBM. This study shows a high prevalence of TBM-HIV co-infection. Establishing proper diagnostic criteria and preventive measures for TBM infections could assist in the prevention and management of TBM infection, particularly TBM-HIV co-infection.

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Hypertension and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024406 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. e024406 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Davide L Vetrano ◽

Katie M Palmer ◽

Lucia Galluzzo ◽

Simona Giampaoli ◽

Alessandra Marengoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Registration Number ◽

Definition Of ◽

Study Setting

ObjectiveTo review the association between hypertension and frailty in observational studies.DesignA systematic review of the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases was performed. A meta-analysis was performed if at least three studies used the same definition of frailty and a dichotomous definition of hypertension.Setting, participants and measuresStudies providing information on the association between frailty and hypertension in adult persons, regardless of the study setting, study design or definition of hypertension and frailty were included.ResultsAmong the initial 964 articles identified, 27 were included in the review. Four longitudinal studies examined the incidence of frailty according to baseline hypertension status, providing conflicting results. Twenty-three studies assessed the cross-sectional association between frailty and hypertension: 13 of them reported a significantly higher prevalence of frailty in hypertensive participants and 10 found no significant association. The pooled prevalence of hypertension in frail individuals was 72% (95% CI 66% to 79%) and the pooled prevalence of frailty in individuals with hypertension was 14% (95% CI 12% to 17%). Five studies, including a total of 7656 participants, reported estimates for the association between frailty and hypertension (pooled OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.89).ConclusionsFrailty is common in persons with hypertension. Given the possible influence of frailty on the risk–benefit ratio of treatment for hypertension and its high prevalence, it is important to assess the presence of this condition in persons with hypertension.Trial registration numberCRD42017058303.

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The Mental Health Under the COVID-19 Crisis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.1101/2021.04.19.21255755 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyao Chen ◽

Nusrat Farah ◽

Rebecca Kechen Dong ◽

Richard Z Chen ◽

Wen Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Mental Health Symptoms ◽

African Countries ◽

Health Symptoms ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Anxiety Depression

Objective: In this paper, we aim to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among the major populations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: We search and include articles using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv databases between Feb 202 and Feb 6th, 2021. Eligibility criteria and data analysis: The meta-analysis targets the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms of major populations including frontline/general healthcare workers (HCWs), the general adult population, and medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. To estimate the prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia, we pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: In this meta-analysis, we identify and include 28 studies and 32 independent samples from 12 countries with a total of 15,072 participants in Africa. Ethiopia (7) and Egypt (6) had the largest number of studies. While many countries including, but not limited to, Algeria, Kenya, and Ghana had a high number of COVID-19 cases, as many as three quarters of African countries have no studies. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in 27 studies was 37% (95%CI: 31-43%, I2 = 99.0%) and that of depression in 24 studies was 45% (95%CI: 36-51%, I2 = 99.5%) and that of insomnia in 9 studies was 28% (95%CI: 20-41%, I2 = 99.2%). The pooled prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in North Africa (44%, 55%, and 31%, respectively) are higher than the rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (31%, 30%, and 24%, respectively). Our analysis indicated high heterogeneity and varying prevalence rates of mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Discussion: We discuss our findings that a) a scarcity of studies in several African countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases, b) high heterogeneity among the studies, c) the extent of prevalence of mental health symptoms in Africa to be high, and d) the pattern of mental health symptoms in Africa differs from elsewhere, i.e., more African adults suffer from depression rather than anxiety and insomnia during COVID 19 compared to adult population in other countries or regions. Hence, our findings carry crucial implications for healthcare organizations and future research to enable evidence-based medicine in Africa. Our findings also call for increased scholarly attention on Africa, the least studied continent with a limited amount of research on mental health symptoms under the COVID 19 pandemic. Keywords: Mental Health; Prevalence; Pandemic; General Population; Healthcare Workers; Anxiety; Depression; Insomnia Trial registration: CRD42020224458

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Immediate Psychosocial Impact on Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Dong ◽

Hong-liang Liu ◽

Ming Yang ◽

Chun-li Lu ◽

Ning Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Study Protocol ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hubei Province ◽

Psychosocial Impact ◽

Stress Disorders ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Anxiety Depression

Objectives: The corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread globally, and we aimed to investigate the psychosocial impact on healthcare workers (HWs) in China during the pandemic.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched seven electronic databases for cross-sectional studies on psychosocial impact on HWs in relation to COVID-19 from January 1, 2020 to October 7, 2020. We included primary studies involving Chinese HWs during the pandemic, and data were extracted from the published articles. Our primary outcome was prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress disorders. We pooled prevalence value with their 95% confidence interval using random effect models and assessed study quality on the basis of an 11-item checklist recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020195843).Results: We identified 25 articles comprising a total of 30,841 completed questionnaires and 22 studies for meta-analysis. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress disorders was 34.4% (29.5–39.4%), 31.1% (24.5–37.7%), and 29.1% (24.3–33.8%) for HWs. The pooled prevalence of anxiety disorders for HWs from late January to early February was 46.4% (42.9–49.9%), significantly higher than those in mid-term February (28.0%, 23.9–32.1%) and after late February (27.6%, 16.0–39.2%). The pooled prevalence of depression disorders for HWs from late January to early February was 46.5% (38.8–54.2%), significantly higher than those in mid-term February (27.1%, 19.8–34.5%) and after late February (32.9%, 16.2–49.5%). HWs working in Hubei Province had a higher prevalence of anxiety (37.9 vs. 30.8%) and a lower prevalence of depression (27.5 vs. 34.7%) than those working in other regions. Nurses had a higher prevalence of anxiety (44.1 vs. 29.0%) and depression (34.1 vs. 29.2%) than other HWs.Conclusions: About one-third of HWs in China suffered anxiety, depression, and stress at the early epidemic of COVID-19. HWs in Hubei Province, especially nurses, had a higher prevalence of psychological disorders. During the pandemic, a negative psychological state may persist in a proportion of Chinese HWs, fluctuating with the control of the pandemic. The long-term impact should continue to be observed. Attention should be paid to HWs for their psychological impact due to the pandemic.Systematic Review Registration: The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020195843).

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Microbiological study of periodontal disease in populations with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-538808/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nasrin Keshavarz Valian ◽

Behzad houshmand ◽

Mohammadreza Talebi Ardakani ◽

Shima Mahmoudi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Campylobacter Rectus ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Male Patients

Abstract Background: No systematic review/meta-analysis has been conducted on the microbiological profile associated with the occurrence of periodontitis in patients with HIV. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of identified bacteria in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease.Methods: Three English electronic databases (MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were searched systematically from the beginning to 13 February 2021. The frequency of each identified bacteria in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease was extracted. All meta-analysis methods were performed using STATA software. Results: Twenty-two articles met inclusion criteria and enrolled into the systematic review. This review analyzed a total of 965 HIV-infected patients with periodontitis. The prevalence of periodontitis was higher in HIV-infected male patients (83% (CI95%: 76-88%)) compared to females (28% (CI95%: 17-39%)). In our study, the pooled prevalence of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in patients with HIV infection was 67% (CI95%: 52-82%) and 60% (CI95%: 45-74%), while a lower prevalence of linear gingivitis erythema was reported (11% (CI95%: 5-18%)). More than 140 bacterial species were identified from HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease. High prevalence of Tannerella forsythia (51% (CI95%: 5-96%)), Fusobacterium nucleatum (50% (CI95%: 21-78%)), Prevotella intermedia (50% (CI95%: 32-68%)), Peptostreptococcus micros (44% (CI95%: 25-65%)), Campylobacter rectus (35% (CI95%: 25-45%)), and Fusobacterium spp. (35% (CI95%: 3-78%)) in HIV-infected patients with periodontal disease was found.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the prevalence of red and orange complex of bacteria in HIV patients with periodontal disease is relatively high.

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Epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and metallo-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in South Asia

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2020-0193 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kamrul Islam ◽

Aaron J Heffernan ◽

Saiyuri Naicker ◽

Andrew Henderson ◽

Mohammed Abdul Hassen Chowdhury ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Systematic Review ◽

South Asia ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence

Aim: To determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Escherichia coli in South Asia. Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data published in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus. Results: The pooled prevalence of ESBL and MBL-producing E. coli in South Asia were 33% (95% CI: 27–40%) and 17% (95% CI: 12–24%), respectively. The prevalence of blaCTX-M type was 58% (95% CI: 49–66%) with blaCTX-M-15 being the most prevalent (51%, 95% CI: 40–62%) variant. The most prevalent MBL variant was blaNDM-1 (33%, 95% CI: 20–50%). Conclusion: This study suggests a high prevalence of ESBLs and MBLs among E. coli clinical isolates. Comprehensive resistance surveillance is required to guide clinicians prescribing antibiotics in South Asia.

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The prevalence of Legionella pneumophila in different water systems: A global systematic review and meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.13555/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yadolah Fakhri ◽

Mohammad Javad Nasiri ◽

Anvar Asadi ◽

Moayed Avazpour ◽

Abdolazim Alinejad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Culture Method ◽

Water Systems ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Global Concern ◽

Polymerase Chain

Abstract The presence of Legionella pneumophila (LP) in aquatic habitat is a global concern. The current study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of LP in water systems with the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis. The searching was performed among some international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Embase to retrieve the related articles between 1/January/1983 and 25/July/ 2017. Therefore, thirty-six articles (with 43 studies) out of 1,541 articles collected, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of LP in water systems was determined as 20% (95%CI: 15-25). Also, the lowest and highest pooled prevalence of LP was observed in Poland (4% (95%CI: 0-13%)) and Kuwait (98% (95%CI: 90-100%)), respectively. The lowest and highest prevalence of LP-based on water resources subgroups was a water reservoir (15% (95%CI: 2-37%) and well (40% (95%CI: 26-50%), respectively. The number of studies that used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of LP was 16/43 (37.3%) while the culture method was 27/43 (62.7%). Generally speaking, the relatively high prevalence of LP among the investigated water systems was demonstrated, which should be reduced by performing appropriate control actions.

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