scholarly journals 266 Dietary strategies in diets without zinc oxide for nursery pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 92-93
Author(s):  
Fernanda Laskoski ◽  
Wade M Hutchens ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Dietary Strategies

Abstract A total of 300 pigs (DNA 241 × 600; initially 4.2 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of different nutritional strategies to replace zinc oxide (ZnO) in nursery diets. Treatments consisted of A) Positive control (21% CP; ZnO providing 3,000 ppm Zn from d 0 to 7, and 2,000 ppm Zn from d 7 to 25); B) Negative control (NC; no ZnO); C) NC plus 1.2% Na diformate; D) NC with 4% coarse ground wheat bran; E) NC with low crude protein (18%) by adding high levels of feed grade amino acids; and F) the combination of NC with 18% crude protein (CP), 1.2% Na diformate, and 4% coarse ground wheat bran. There were 5 pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment in a completely randomized design. Data were analyzed with the Proc Mixed procedure in SAS. For the overall period (d 0 to 46), pigs fed diets containing ZnO had greater (P < 0.001) ADG, ADFI, and final BW than other treatments, with pigs fed the NC with 18% CP having the lowest performance. Pigs fed the NC diet without any nutritional alternative had the lowest fecal dry matter (DM; P < 0.050) and highest fecal scores (P < 0.050). Pigs fed diets with ZnO had similar fecal DM and scores as pigs fed the diet containing the combination of 1.2% Na diformate, 4% coarse ground wheat bran, and low (18%) CP, but greater (P < 0.023) fecal DM than pigs fed the alternatives used individually. This study suggests none of the strategies used alone were effective at replacing ZnO while the use of low CP and amino acids reduced performance further. Combining the three alternatives tested as a replacement to ZnO improved fecal DM content and fecal score but did not result in improved growth performance.

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Effect of coarse wheat bran and crude protein level in nursery diets without zinc oxide on pig performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 204-205
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Batson ◽  
Hilda I Calderon Cartagena ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract A total of 355 pigs (DNA 200x400; initially 5.6 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of coarse wheat bran and crude protein (CP) level in diets without pharmacological levels of zinc oxide on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM%). Pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments in a completely randomized design with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Treatment diets were fed in two phases (d 0 to 7 and 7 to 21) followed by a common diet fed d 21 to 45. Treatments included a positive control diet with ZnO, negative control without ZnO, and negative control with 4% wheat bran and formulated to contain 21, 19.5, 18, or 16.5% CP. All diets contained 1.35% SID lysine except the 18 and 16.5% (1.25 and 1.20% lysine) CP diets. Data were analyzed using the lmer function from the lme4 package in R. During the experimental period, decreasing CP decreased (linear, P< 0.05) ADG, G:F, and d 21 BW, but increased (linear, P=0.005) fecal DM%. Pigs fed the diet containing ZnO had increased (P< 0.050) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to the negative control and diet with 21% CP and wheat bran. From d 21 to 45, pigs previously fed the 21% CP diet with wheat bran had increased (P< 0.05) ADG compared to the positive control. Fecal DM on d 45 and G:F increased (P< 0.05) for pigs fed the 21% CP, wheat bran diet and negative control compared to those fed the positive control. Overall, pigs fed low CP diets had decreased (P< 0.05) ADG while pigs fed the positive control had greater (P< 0.05) ADG compared to the negative control. Additional research is needed to determine if modifying low CP, wheat bran diets will elicit benefits of increased fecal DM% while maintaining growth performance.

Effects of feeding diets containing low crude protein and coarse wheat bran as alternatives to zinc oxide in nursery pig diets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Batson ◽  
Hilda I Calderón ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Feeding Diets

Abstract Two experiments determined the effects of crude protein (CP) in diets containing coarse wheat bran (CWB) with or without pharmacological levels of Zn on weanling pig growth performance. In Exp. 1, treatments included a positive control (21% CP) with 3,000 mg/kg Zn in phase 1 and 2,000 mg/kg in phase 2; negative control (21% CP) with 110 mg/kg Zn, and four diets containing 4% CWB and 110 mg/kg Zn formulated to 21, 19.5, 18, or 16.5% CP. The three diets with 21% CP and CWB contained 1.40% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys in phase 1 and 1.35% SID Lys in phase 2, while the 19.5, 18, and 16.5% CP diets contained 1.35, 1.25 and 1.20% Lys, respectively. Pigs fed the diet containing pharmacological Zn had increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F compared to the negative control and the 21% CP CWB diet. Reducing CP decreased ADG and G:F (linear, P = 0.002). In Exp. 2, diets consisted of: 1) positive control with 2,000 mg/kg of Zn and 21% CP (1.35% SID Lys); 2) 110 mg/kg Zn and 21% CP; and 3 diets with 110 mg/kg Zn and 18% CP with 3) 1.2% SID Lys; 4) 1.35% SID Lys by the addition of crystalline AA, and 5) diet 4 with added non-essential AA. Pigs fed 21% CP with Zn had increased (P = 0.001) ADG compared to those fed 18% CP (1.35% SID Lys) or 1.2% SID Lys. In summary, added Zn improved growth performance, but reducing CP did not.

scholarly journals Effects of different diet alternatives to replace the use of pharmacological levels of zinc on growth performance and fecal dry matter of weanling pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Laskoski ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Ground Wheat

Abstract A total of 300 weanling pigs (Line 400 × 200, DNA, Columbus, NE, initially 4.83 kg) were used in a 46-d trial to evaluate the effects of different nutritional strategies to replace pharmacological levels of Zn, provided by zinc oxide (ZnO), in nursery diets on growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM). Six treatments with 10 replicate pens per treatment and 5 pigs per pen were used. Diets consisted of: 1) Positive control (ZnO providing 3,000 mg/kg added Zn from d 0 to 7 and 2,000 mg/kg added Zn from d 8 to 25 and 21% crude protein, CP); 2) Negative control (NC; no added ZnO); 3) NC plus 1.2% Na Diformate; 4) NC with 4% coarse ground wheat bran; 5) NC but formulated to 18% CP); and 6) The combination of NC with 18% CP, 1.2% Na Diformate, and 4% coarse ground wheat bran. The diets formulated to 18% CP contained 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys from day 0 to 25 whereas the 21% CP diets contained 1.4% SID Lys from day 0 to 7 and 1.35% SID Lys from d 7 to 25. From d 25 to 46, all pigs were fed a common diet. From d 0 to 7, no differences in any variables were observed between treatments. From d 7 to 25, pigs fed the diet with added ZnO had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and ADFI than all other treatments. Pigs fed the diet formulated to 18% CP had decreased (P < 0.01) ADG compared with pigs fed the other diets. From d 25 to 46, no previous treatment effects on ADG or G:F were observed. Overall (day 0 to 46), pigs fed the diet with added ZnO from d 0 to 25 had greater (P < 0.01) ADG, ADFI, and final BW than pigs fed added Na Diformate, or 4% coarse ground wheat bran, or with the 18% CP diet, with pigs fed the combination of the additives intermediate. There was no evidence for differences in overall G:F. Pigs fed the NC diet had the lowest fecal DM and highest fecal scores (P < 0.05) indicating the greatest incidence of loose stools. Pigs fed added ZnO had greater fecal DM than pigs fed the NC, 4% added wheat bran, or 18% CP diets, with pigs fed the combination of additives intermediate (P < 0.01). These results suggest that adding pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO improves nursery pig performance and increases DM content of feces when compared with pigs fed diets with either, Na Diformate, 4% course wheat bran, or 18% CP alone. However, a combination of all 3 alternatives appeared to be additive and partially restore growth performance similar to adding pharmacological levels of Zn.

scholarly journals Feather meal supplemented with protease in diets for meat-type quails

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl3) ◽  
pp. 3617
Author(s):  
Thiago Ferreira Diana ◽  
Sandra Regina Freitas Pinheiro ◽  
Karla Magalhães Ramos ◽  
Cristina Moreira Bonafé ◽  
Leilane Rocha Barros Dourado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Meat Type

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of feather meal (FM) in diets supplemented with protease for meat-type quails, on performance from eight to 21 days and from eight to 35 days of age and on carcass yield cuts and economic profitability from eight to 35 days of age. A total of 360 male, meat-type quails, were allotted to a completely randomized design, in a factorial 3 x 3 arrangement (three diets and three FM levels of inclusion), with four replicates of 10 quails per experimental unit. The diets evaluated were positive control (PC) + 0% FM, PC + 5% FM, PC + 10% FM, negative control (NC) + 0% FM, NC + 5% FM, NC + 10% FM, NC + 0% FM + protease, NC + 5% FM + protease and NC + 10% FM + protease. The NC diet was formulated with a reduction in crude protein and amino acids, compared to the PC diet. There was an effect (p < 0.05) of the inclusion of FM in diets on feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio, from eight to 21 and from eight to 35 days of age. There was a significant effect (p < 0.05) of FM inclusion on the live weight of 35-day-old quails. The inclusion of FM impairs meat-type quails’ performance at all ages evaluated. NC diets, with and without protease, worsen the performance of birds compared to PC diets. Better economic profitability is observed for up to 5% inclusion of feather meal in positive control diets.

scholarly journals Amino acid requirements of pigs. 2. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of young pigs.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 597-607
Author(s):  
J.B. Schutte ◽  
M.W. Bosch ◽  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J. de Jong ◽  
J.T.M. van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Pig Performance

In 6 trials with 460 pigs, initially about 19 kg the threonine requirement for growth between about 20 to 40 kg was investigated. To a negative control diet, containing crude protein 160 g and threonine 5.6 g/kg. L-threonine 0.0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg, was added and compared with a positive control diet with crude protein 185 g/kg and threonine 6.8 g/kg. The negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine so that no other amino acids than threonine were limiting. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum as pellets. In 2 separate trials, the apparent faecal and ileal digestibility of the amino acids of the 2 control diets was estimated. The requirement for total threonine was 7.1 g/kg for maximum weight gain, and 7.4 g/kg for maximum efficiency of feed utilization in a diet containing net energy 2290 kcal/kg. These results correspond with 6.2 and 6.5 g/kg faecal digestible and 5.7 and 6.0 g/kg ileal digestible threonine, respectively. Pig performance on the negative control diet supplemented with the first limiting amino acids, was similar to that of the positive control diet. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

PHARMACON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Grace Laury Tulung ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi ◽  
Jainer Pasca Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Decrease Blood Glucose ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) are known to contain flavonoid compound, and flavonoid are known to decrease blood glucose level by stimulating pancreas beta cells to produce insulin. The aim of this research is to find out wether the ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) has the antidiabetic effectiveness or not. This research used Completely Randomized Design method. There were 15 rats used in this research that were split into 5 groups that is negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Metformin), and ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf with the dosage of 5.4 mg;10.8 mg;21.6 mg. The acquired data were analyzed with ANOVA test and LSD test. The analysis result showed that ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf had antidiabetic effectiveness against male white rat. Keywords:  Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetic, Rattus norvegicus  ABSTRAK  Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) diketahui mengandung zat flavonoid, dimana flavonoid telah diketahui mempunyai kemampuan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan merangsang sel beta pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efekivitas antidiabetes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Tikus yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor dan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (aquadest), kontrol positif (metformin), dan ekstrak etanol daun pegagan dengan dosis 5,4 mg; 10,8 mg; 21,6 mg. Data yang ada dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD. Hasil analisis menujukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efektivitas antidiabetes terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetes, Rattus norvegicus

scholarly journals Amino acid requirements of pigs. 3. Requirement for apparent digestible threonine of pigs in different stages of growth.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 609-622
Author(s):  
N.P. Lenis ◽  
J.T.M. van Diepen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Individual and group housed crossbred pigs 45 to 105 kg and 65 to 95 kg in experiments 1 and 2, respectively, were given basal diets with L-threonine 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8 g/kg. Positive and negative control diets contained total threonine 5.7 and 4.5 g/kg, respectively. To prevent other amino acids being limiting, the negative control diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, tryptophan, isoleucine, histidine and valine. The positive control diet was supplemented with lysine and methionine. The requirement for total threonine of growing-finishing pigs for maximum growth performance was about 5.6 g/kg in a diet containing net energy 9.4 MJ/kg. This figure corresponds with about 4.7 g/kg apparent faecal digestible threonine and 4.3 apparent ileal digestible threonine. There was no difference between the growing and the finishing pigs. The requirement for ileal digestible threonine, relative to ileal digestible lysine requirement, was about 64%. It is concluded that dietary protein can be reduced by 2 percentage units without any adverse effect on growth performance, if limiting amino acids are sufficiently supplemented. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Penggunaan Kulit Nanas Fermentasi dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Gulma Berkhasiat Obat Terhadap Konsumsi Nutrient Ayam Broiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Wasir Ibrahim ◽  
Rita Mutia ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Nelwida Nelwida ◽  
Berliana Berliana
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan kulit nanas fermentasi ke dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat terhadap konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan DOC jantan strain cob umur 2 hari sebanyak 200 ekor yang dipelihara selama 42 hari. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. P0 = 0% tepung kulit nanas fermentasi (TKNF) dalam ransum mengandung 0% gulma obat(GO), (kontrol positif), P1 = 0% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma obat (GO),(kontrol negatif), P2 = 7.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P3 = 15% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat, P4 = 22.5% TKNF dalam ransum mengandung 2 % gulma berkhasiat obat. Parameter yang diamati kandungan gizi kulit nanas sebelum dan sesudah fermentasi dan konsumsi nutrient. Pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter yang diamati dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan, Data yang diperoleh dari setiap parameter dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 16.0. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan kulit nanas yang fermentasi dengan yoghurt dalam ransum yang mengandung gulma berkhasiat obat pada taraf 15% memberikan hasil terbaik pada konsumsi nutrient ayam broiler. (Fermented pineapple peel supplementation with addition of medicinal weeds on nutrient intake consumption of broiler chicken) ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using fermented pineapple peel in the ration containing medicinal weeds on nutrient consumption and performance of broiler . Two hundred 2 days male broiler chicken cob strain were used in this study and kept for 42 days. Completely randomized design (CRD)was applied with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments consisted of P0 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in ration containing 0% medicinal weed (MW), positive control). P1 = 0% of fermented pineapple peels meal (FPPM) in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW), negative control). P2 = 7.5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P3 = 15% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). P4 = 22,5% of FPPM in the ration containing 2 % medicinal weed (MW). The parameters measured was nutrien intake before and after fermented peel and consumption. The observed data were analyzed by statistical product and service solution (SPSS 16.0). Results showed that use of fermented pineapple peel meal up to 15% with addition medicinal weeds was the best on nutrient consumption of broiler chicken.

scholarly journals Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry12

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P &lt; 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.

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