scholarly journals 177 Development of Feasible Pre-Conditioning Programs for Limited Resource Cow-Calf Producers in North Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
Kasey A Elder ◽  
Colby Gay ◽  
Raymond Hernandez ◽  
Derrick J Coble ◽  
John F Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Conditioning Programs

Abstract Cost-effective calf pre-conditioning programs utilizing high-quality pastures and minimal grain supplements can improve net returns of limited-resource cow-calf operations. The objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing two different supplements in a forage-based 45-day pre-conditioning program. Twenty-one Angus-cross calves averaging 6 months of age were assigned randomly at weaning to two groups based on sex and initial body weights: commercially available complete feed, 16% crude protein (Group 1), and corn-mineral mix, 10% crude protein (Group 2, Control). Calves were backgrounded on natural pastures that were predominantly Bahia grass and acclimated to the feeds for 2 weeks prior to the start of the actual trial. Supplementation rates for both groups were maintained at 1.0 lb./150 lb. calf BW equivalent to 2.0 lbs./calf/day. Groups were rotated among pasture plots weekly depending on forage availability. Calves were weighed at 2-week intervals during the study. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using GLM methods of SAS. No differences were observed among groups in calf BW gain (P < 0.74) and net returns (P < 0.92). Initial calf BW were 357.2 ± 15.2 vs. 370.9 ± 16.6 lbs., whereas final BW were 398.2 ± 17.2 vs. 408.6 ± 20.1 lbs., for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, average weight gains were 41.0 vs 37.7 lbs., for groups 1 and 2, respectively (Table 1). Feed costs were $17.97 vs. $16.97 for groups 1 and 2, respectively culminating in a $0.44 vs. $0.45 cost per lb. of gain, respectively. The current market price of a 400 lb. calf at the North Florida Livestock market averages $1.39/lb. Therefore, pre-conditioning calves using complete feed provides a $0.95/lb. return, whereas using corn-mineral mix returns a profit of $0.93/lb. Therefore, the corn-based supplement compared favorably to the commercially available complete feed in this system.

Pengaruh Penambahan Bungkil Kedelai terhadap Konsumsi Pakan, Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian, dan Konversi Pakan pada Sapi Peranakan Simmental

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Rico ◽  
Novi Eka Wati ◽  
Adisti Rastosari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
T Test ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Simmental Cattle

The objective of the researh was to study the effect of additions soybean meal in ration on the feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed convertion in Simmental cattle. The experiment used eight male Simmental cattle around 2 years old with an average weight of 198,65 ± 14,57 kilograms. The cattle kept for 35 days and given rations P0 (rations ranchers) and P1 (rations plus soybean meal). Data was obtained, then analyzed using independent sample t-test assisted with SPSS version 17.00 software. The result showed that the addition of soybean meal did not affect on dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, and feed convertion but, the crude protein consumption was increased. Keywords: dry matter consumption, daily weight gain, feed convertion

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MUSA ACUMINATA FRUIT AS A NATURAL SUPERDISINTEGRANT FOR TABLET FORMULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Gopinath E
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Tablet Formulation ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Solubility Study ◽  
Orodispersible Tablet

Objective: The objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate a new, low-cost effective superdisintegrant from Musa acuminata fruit for tablet formulation.Methods: The study involved collection of M. acuminata fruit powdered and evaluated for physicochemical properties. Propranolol Hcl was used as a model drug for tablet formulation. Different concentrations of M. acuminatea powder were used as superdisintegrant, and orodispersible tablet is prepared and evaluated. In the present study, sodium starch glycolate was used as synthetic superdisintegrant for comparative study.Result: The powder was dark brownish and did not change throughout the study. The percentage porosity of powder was found to be 42.88% and angle of repose of was found to be 33.69°. The solubility study shows that the powders are sparingly soluble in water and disperse into individual particles. Total ash and acid insoluble ash values of powder were found to be 2.61 and 2.11% w/w, respectively. The average weight of tablets was ranged from 101.42 to 103.52 mg and averaged hardness was found to be 3.4 kg/cm2. Moreover, the tablets exhibited acceptable friability. Disintegration time of all formulations was found to be in the range of 22–80 s and wetting time was found to be 07–18 s.Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that M. acuminatea powder in the range of 2–12% can be used as superdisintegrant in orodispersible tablet formulation and shall be preferred as having nutritive value as well as cost profit in the development of orodispersible tablet than synthetic polymer.

Understanding the complementary nature of paid and volunteer crowds for content creation

2020 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Claudia Flores-Saviaga ◽  
Ricardo Granados ◽  
Liliana Savage ◽  
Lizbeth Escobedo ◽  
Saiph Savage
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Power Cost ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Different Populations

Crowdsourced content creation like articles or slogans can be powered by crowds of volunteers or workers from paid task markets. Volunteers often have expertise and are intrinsically motivated, but are a limited resource, and are not always reliably available. On the other hand, paid crowd workers are reliably available, can be guided to produce high-quality content, but cost money. How can these different populations of crowd workers be leveraged together to power cost-effective yet high-quality crowd-powered content-creation systems? To answer this question, we need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each. We conducted an online study where we hired paid crowd workers and recruited volunteers from social media to complete three content creation tasks for three real-world non-profit organizations that focus on empowering women. These tasks ranged in complexity from simply generating keywords or slogans to creating a draft biographical article. Our results show that paid crowds completed work and structured content following editorial guidelines more effectively. However, volunteer crowds provide content that is more original. Based on the findings, we suggest that crowd-powered content-creation systems could gain the best of both worlds by leveraging volunteers to scaffold the direction that original content should take; while having paid crowd workers structure content and prepare it for real world use.

scholarly journals Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

2013 ◽  
pp. 3444-3451
Author(s):  
René Patiño P ◽  
Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽  
José C. Da Silva Filho ◽  
Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽  
Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

scholarly journals Recovery of Food Wastes for a Potential Maggot Production as Animal Feed and Solid Waste Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulyash Meiramkulova ◽  
Gulmira Adilbektegi ◽  
Galym Baituk ◽  
Aigul Kurmanbayeva ◽  
Anuarbek Kakabayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Waste Recovery ◽  
Investigation Process

Waste recovery is an important aspect towards human and environmental health protection. Unfortunately, proper food waste management is among the serious challenges in the field of solid waste management worldwide. Therefore, it is of great importance to conduct studies towards achieving efficient and cost-effective approaches for food waste management. This study investigated the potential of recovering food waste through maggots&rsquo; production as animal feed. The influence of fly attractant application on maggot production was also investigated. The study also investigated the potential of maggot production for waste recovery and reduction. Four different types of food waste (starch food leftovers, rotten bananas and peels, rotten pineapple and peels, and rotten oranges) were used in the investigation process. From the results, it was observed that the application of fly attractants had a significant effect on the production of maggots as determined by the weights after harvesting. Average weight of 94 g/kg of maggot was achieved from banana materials with an application of fly attractant during the 8th day of the cultivation; which is equivalent to a 32.4% increase from the same day when the material was cultured without applying fly attractant. Also, from the starch materials, about 77 g/kg of maggot weight was achieved; which is a 54.6% increase from the same day and the same material but without application of fly attractant. Moreover, the relative dry weight reduction in the trials varied from 52.5% to 82.4%.

scholarly journals Biological efficiency of Charolais beef cows of different body sizes

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Gustavo Duarte Farias ◽  
Liliane Cerdótes ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Marcia Ferreira Bitencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Diagnosis ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Weight Groups

This study aimed to evaluate the production, reproductive performance, and productive efficiency of predominantly Charolais cows and their calves (Straightbred, ¾ C, ¼ N) according to body size at calving. Sixty-three cow-calf pairs were used and classified into three weight groups: Light (331.3±5.8 kg), Moderate (385.9±5.3 kg), and Heavy (424.4±6.2 kg). The classes were formed using half standard deviations above or below the average weight of the cows at calving. For each pair, the body weight was evaluated at calving, at weaning (63 days), at the beginning and at end of the reproductive period, and at 9 months for the calves. Pregnancy rates were similar (P > 0.05) between weight groups. The calves did not differ (P > 0.05) in terms of body weight and weight gain from calving until pregnancy diagnosis (210 days). The heavy cows had greater weight variations from 210 days to 270 days than the light cows. The calf production rate (kg calf/cow kept in herds) did not differ between weight groups. However, in relation to the weight of the cows at 210 days, light cows were 11.28% and 13.02% more productive (P < 0.05), than moderate and heavy cows, respectively. Light cows were more efficient than the other classes of cows at calving and at 210 days old. Our simulations showed that there were more kilograms for sale in herds of light cows (53.085 kg) than moderate and heavy cows (52.310 and 52.870 kg, respectively), while maintaining the structures of the herd constant. The size of the Charolais cow did not influence the weight of calves from calving until 7 months of age or their reproductive performance provided they were weaned early. The need for space for the maintenance of the cow-calf pair increased as the weight of the cows increased. In herds with smaller cows, higher numbers and a higher production of weight for sale are observed than in herds with moderate and heavy cows. Light cows were the most efficient at calving and during pregnancy diagnosis at 210 days.

scholarly journals Performance and economic analysis of the production of Nile tilapia submitted to different feeding management

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4481
Author(s):  
Érica Bevitorio Passinato ◽  
Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Junior ◽  
Filipe Dos Santos Cipriano ◽  
Ricardo Henriquede Bastos Souza ◽  
Kauana Santos de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Cost Of Production

<p>The productive performance and the variable cost of production were evaluated for different feeding strategies for tilapia during the production cycle. A sample of 2,000 juvenile tilapia was distributed (23.55 ± 2.38 g) into five treatments and with four repetitions as follows: C (feed consumption to apparent satiety), R20 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 20 g), R200 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 200 g), R400 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 400 g) and R600 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 600 g). The fish were given extruded commercial feed containing 34% crude protein until they reached a weight of 200 g, at which time they received feed containing 32% crude protein. Monthly biometrics were performed in order to determine the food restriction starting point, which was one day of restriction followed by six feeding days. The following parameters were evaluated: water quality, productive performance variables, the variable costs of production and excreted nitrogen. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Tukey’s test (5% significance). No statistical differences were observed in final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion or survival. The fish from the R20 treatment had the lowest variable cost of production (g fish-1) and the lowest nitrogen excretion into the water. This suggests that feed restriction from the early stages of life does not compromise the productive performance and contributes to reducing the variable costs and the quantity of nitrogen excreted into the environment. Thus, a one-day per week feed restriction strategy can be applied from the earliest stages of life without compromising the productive performance or body composition of Nile tilapia. This strategy can also reduce variable costs of production by means of reducing relative labour and feed costs. </p>

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular events among the adult population in China: a Markov model

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Dainelli ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Diane Zimmermann ◽  
Hai Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Case Scenario

ObjectiveTo model the long-term cost-effectiveness of consuming milk powder fortified with potassium to decrease systolic blood pressure (SBP) and prevent cardiovascular events.DesignA best case scenario analysis using a Markov model was conducted.Participants8.67% of 50–79 year olds who regularly consume milk in China, including individuals with and without a prior diagnosis of hypertension.InterventionThe model simulated the potential impact of a daily intake of two servings of milk powder fortified with potassium (+700 mg/day) vs the consumption of a milk powder without potassium fortification, assuming a market price equal to 0.99 international dollars (intl$; the consumption of a milk powder without potassium fortification, assuming a market price equal to intl$0.99 for the latter and to intl$1.12 for the first (+13.13%). Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results.Main outcome measuresEstimates of the incidence of cardiovascular events and subsequent mortality in China were derived from the literature as well as the effect of increasing potassium intake on blood pressure. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was used to determine the cost-effectiveness of a milk powder fortified with potassium taking into consideration the direct medical costs associated with the cardiovascular events, loss of working days and health utilities impact.ResultsWith an ICER equal to int$4711.56 per QALY (quality-adjusted life year) in the best case scenario and assuming 100% compliance, the daily consumption of a milk powder fortified with potassium shown to be a cost-effective approach to decrease SBP and reduce cardiovascular events in China. Healthcare savings due to prevention would amount to intl$8.41 billion. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the results.ConclusionTogether with other preventive interventions, the consumption of a milk powder fortified with potassium could represent a cost-effective strategy to attenuate the rapid rise in cardiovascular burden among the 50–79 year olds who regularly consume milk in China.

scholarly journals RUMEN METABOLISM AND FEEDLOT RESPONSES BY STEERS FED TYLOSIN AND MONENSIN

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
H. H. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Ninety-six Hereford steers with an average weight of 336 kg were fed tylosin (Tylan, Elanco Division, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, In., U.S.A.) (11 mg/kg of diet), monensin (Rumensin, Elanco Division, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, In., U.S.A.) (33 mg/kg of diet), tylosin plus monensin or a nonmedicated control diet for 105 days. The diets contained 60% barley, 36% alfalfa meal, 2% tallow, 1% Co + I salt and 1% vitamin premix. Organic matter and crude protein digestibilities tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in steers fed monensin. Both tylosin and monensin increased (P < 0.05) acid detergent fiber digestibility. Tylosin did not affect molar proportions of ruminal VFA or ammonia. Monensin increased (P < 0.05) propionic acid and reduced (P < 0.05) acetic and butyric acids. There were no treatment effects on ruminal dehydrogenase activity or plasma urea nitrogen. Ruminal free amino acids were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in steers fed tylosin, both alone and with monensin. There were no significant treatment effects on feedlot performance or carcass measurements and there was no evidence of a complementary interaction of tylosin and monensin. The incidence of liver abscesses was reduced (P < 0.05) by tylosin. Steers with normal livers gained 5% faster (P > 0.05) than steers with abscessed livers.

scholarly journals Performance and economic analysis of the production of Nile tilapia submitted to different feeding management

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4481
Author(s):  
Érica Bevitorio Passinato ◽  
Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Junior ◽  
Filipe Dos Santos Cipriano ◽  
Ricardo Henriquede Bastos Souza ◽  
Kauana Santos de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Costs Of Production ◽  
Cost Of Production

The productive performance and the variable cost of production were evaluated for different feeding strategies for tilapia during the production cycle. A sample of 2,000 juvenile tilapia was distributed (23.55 ± 2.38 g) into five treatments and with four repetitions as follows: C (feed consumption to apparent satiety), R20 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 20 g), R200 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 200 g), R400 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 400 g) and R600 (beginning feed restriction when fish reached an average weight of 600 g). The fish were given extruded commercial feed containing 34% crude protein until they reached a weight of 200 g, at which time they received feed containing 32% crude protein. Monthly biometrics were performed in order to determine the food restriction starting point, which was one day of restriction followed by six feeding days. The following parameters were evaluated: water quality, productive performance variables, the variable costs of production and excreted nitrogen. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared using Tukey’s test (5% significance). No statistical differences were observed in final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion or survival. The fish from the R20 treatment had the lowest variable cost of production (g fish-1) and the lowest nitrogen excretion into the water. This suggests that feed restriction from the early stages of life does not compromise the productive performance and contributes to reducing the variable costs and the quantity of nitrogen excreted into the environment. Thus, a one-day per week feed restriction strategy can be applied from the earliest stages of life without compromising the productive performance or body composition of Nile tilapia. This strategy can also reduce variable costs of production by means of reducing relative labour and feed costs.

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