scholarly journals PSX-23 Predicting feedstuff associative effects in goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 454-454
Author(s):  
Yoko Tsukahara ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
P Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Abstract The objective was to develop means of predicting effects of supplementation on forage and total ME intake in goats. A database of treatment mean observations from the literature currently has 529 individual animal observations with ad libitum intake from 24 studies. Essential data were supplement and forage OM digestibility without supplementation or sufficient information for estimation, total diet OM digestibility, forage and supplement CP concentration and OM intake, and BW. Intake of ME was assumed 15.104 MJ/kg digested OM. For observations with supplementation, forage ME intake was the difference between total and supplement ME intake. The original database had 134 observations, although 24 were omitted because of questionable values and(or) unlikely estimates. Forage averaged 9.4 MJ/kg DM of ME (SD=1.77, 4.6–12.6), 59.1% OM digestibility without supplementation (SD=8.67, 42.9–77.1; AOMDIGFOR), and 8.1% CP (SD=3.72, 2.1–17.1) (PTCPFOR), and supplement was 12.3 MJ/kg ME (SD=1.38, 7.1–15.1) and 28.4% CP (SD=41.5, 0–288). Forage ME intake (MEIMBWFOR, kJ/kg BW0.75) was regressed against supplement ME intake (MEIMBWSUP, kJ/kg BW0.75), with inclusion of other variables tested. The equation explaining most variation (R2=0.77) was 155.9 ± 135.75 – (0.5403±0.04381 × MEIMBWSUP) – (41.0063±20.71841 × PTCPFOR) + (5.3497±2.31608 × AOMDIGFOR) + (0.74056±0.345002 × PTCPFOR × AOMDIGFOR), with P values of 0.253, < 0.001, 0.050, 0.023, and 0.034, respectively. The mean difference between observed and predicted MEIMBWFOR (379±15.0 and 382±12.8, respectively) was -3±7.4, with minimum and maximum values of -181 and 167, respectively. The equation for the regression of residual MEIMBWFOR (observed – predicted) against predicted values was -10±22.3 + (0.018±0.0553 × predicted MEIMBWFOR), with the intercept and slope not different from 0 (P = 0.670 and 0.739, respectively). Equations describing associative effects can be used to predict the quantity of a particular supplement with a given forage necessary to meet nutrient requirements of goats in specific production settings.

scholarly journals Analysis and Development of Seawater Density Measurement Algorithms Using Arduino Uno and YL-69 Sensor

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-956
Author(s):  
Miftahul Walid ◽  
Hozairi ◽  
Madukil Makruf
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Error Level ◽  
Value Range ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values

In this research, an analysis was carried out to develop a measuring instrument for seawater density in salt production using a microcontroller (Arduino Uno) and YL-69 sensor, this sensor was commonly used to measure soil moisture. The experimental method was used in this research to produce initial data in the form of resistance and seawater density values, then calculations are carried out using statistical methods to find equations and produce a constant variable that connects the resistance and seawater density values. The equation was used to compile the algorithm into Arduino Uno. As for the results of this research,  From six experiments conducted, two experiments produced the same sea water density value between the actual and the predicted, namely the 2nd and 5th experiments, while for other experiments there was a difference between the actual and predicted values, however, it was not too significant, the difference occurs between the value range 0 ~ 1, to determine the level of error, use the Mean Square Error (MSE) with an error level of = 0.5 and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) with an error level of = 0.6. The contribution of this research is an algorithm that can predict the density value (baume) based on the resistance value obtained from the YL 69 sensor.

Daily gain, food intake and food efficiency in pigs during the growing period

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kanis ◽  
W. J. Koops
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Food Efficiency ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTThe non-linear model y = ae(−hW−c/W) was fitted to weekly calculated daily gain (DG), daily food intake (FI) and food efficiency (FE) of 653 barrows and gilts fed ad libitum or restrictedly during a growing period from 27 to 108 kg live weight. Where y was DG, FI or FE, W was live weight and a, b and c were parameters. The model fitted well to the expected course of the traits, with an accuracy similar to that of quadratic polynomials. Parameters for one trait could simply be derived from the parameters for the other two traits. For each trait, four basic patterns were distinguished, depending on the signs of b and c. Curves with a maximum (b > 0 and c > 0) occurred most frequently. In cases of curves with a maximum, the model could be reparameterized to a model with parameters having a simple biological meaning.Coefficients of determination in barrows averaged 0·29 for DG, 0·88 for FI and 0·45 for FE, whereas these values were somewhat lower in gilts. With ad libitum feeding, a DG curve with a maximum was fitted in proportionately 0·83 of the barrows and 0·61 of the gilts. The maximum DG was on average at live weights of 64 kg for barrows and 77 kg for gilts. A maximum in the FI curve was predicted in proportionately 0·60 of the barrows and 0·39 of the gilts. Curves for DG and FI in gilts were less curvilinear than in barrows. FE curves, with ad libitum feeding, had a maximum in proportionately 0·59 of the barrows and 0·52 of the gilts. This predicted maximum FE was, on average, before the start of the growing period. Gilts had a higher FE than barrows from 35 kg body weight onwards, and the difference increased with increasing live weight. Differences in FE between ad libitum and restricted feeding were small, with a tendency for animals fed at a restricted feeding level to be more efficient at the end of the growing period.Average FE curves and individual FI or DG curves were used for indirect prediction of individual DG or FI curves, respectively. The correlation between directly and indirectly predicted values of DG and FI at live weights of 30, 65 or 100 kg was about 0·7 in ad libitum fed barrows and gilts, and greater than 0·8 in pigs fed at a restricted level. This indicates that the model is suitable to predict and control the course of individual daily gain by influencing the course of food intake.

scholarly journals Impact of PCB Manufacturing Process Variations on Trace Impedance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 000891-000895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelghani Renbi ◽  
Johan Carlson ◽  
Jerker Delsing
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
P Values ◽  
Pcb Manufacturing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measured Phase

This paper demonstrates statistically the impact of PCB manufacturing variations on the characteristic impedance. Moreover, it shows that the characteristics of the PCBs vary across different suppliers. These differences cannot be tolerated in some applications where the characteristic impedance is restricted to be within a specific range. We sampled 3 × 20 PCBs, each batch of twenty is ordered from a different manufacturer. The sampling consist of measuring the phase shift between the reected and the incident signals when injecting a 180 MHz sinewave into a PCB trace. The trace is selected to be the same for all samples. All the PCBs are ordered to be identical and designed for 50 Ω devices. Our conclusion was drawn after running the T-tests to assess statistically the significance of the difference occurring between the PCBs. Based on the computed P-values all the three batches are different from each other in the mean of the measured phase shift with 95 % confidence. The difference between the measured and the expected characteristic impedance is found as 3 %, 10 % and 20 % for these three manufacturers. We also witnessed board-to-board variations even within the same batch and from the same supplier due to the process instability by looking at the probability density of having the same phase shift that is equal to the mean. Some samples shown 2.6 % to 3.5 % difference above the mean.

Pharmacokinetic Study of Two Oral Formulations of Levofloxacin in Healthy Male Volunteersl

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Maruf Mohammad Akbor ◽  
Rebeka Sultana ◽  
Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
AHM Mahbub Latif ◽  
Md. Ashik Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Reference Formulation ◽  
P Values ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Oral Formulations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Extent Of Absorption

The objective of this study was to compare different pharmacokinetic parameters of a local (“X”) and reference (Tavanic) formulations of levofloxacin 250 mg tablets after oral administration of a single dose under fasting condition. Thirteen blood samples were collected from each of the eight Bangladeshi healthy male volunteers over 24 hours after oral administration of the drugs. Serum levofloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC assay using UV detection, and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by the non-compartmental method. Mean ± SD of Cmax, AUC0-24, AUC0-α, Tmax, t1/2, kel, were 4.33 ± 1.16 and 4.56 ± 1.51 ?g/mL, 45.90 ± 8.74 and 37.77 ± 9.94 hr-?g /mL, 79.94 ± 32.80 and 66.85 ± 35.43 hr-?g/mL, 1.22 ± 0.49 and 1.28 ± 0.41, 19.90 ± 11.49 and 21.00 ± 16.39 hr, 0.04 ± 0.02 and 0.05 ± 0.03 hr -1 for the local (“X”) and reference formulation, respectively. From the paired t-test, the p-values for two formulations were found to be 0.182, 0.412 and 0.725 for AUC0-24, AUC0-α, and Cmax respectively. The 90% confidence intervals of the mean of the difference between log-transformed values for Cmax were almost within the bioequivalence accepted range of 80% to 125%, namely: (78.90%, 118.36%); but for AUC0-24 and AUC0-α the values were are beyond the acceptable range. (100.83%, 146.52%) and (94.34%, 157.89%) respectively. The results indicate that the two formulations are not bioequivalent for both the rate and extent of absorption. Key words: Levofloxacin, pharmacokinetic, bioavailability, bioequivalence Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

Life span of mice fed enriched or restricted diets during growth

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Silberberg ◽  
Susan R. Jarrett ◽  
Martin Silberberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Life Consumption

Longevity was studied in male mice of the inbred strain C57BL Jax 6 fed during the period of growth a stock diet enriched with 25% lard or the stock diet restricted to two-thirds of the ad libitum intake. The findings were compared with those obtained in controls kept on the stock diet ad libitum through life. Consumption of the fat-enriched diet ad libitum significantly lowered juvenile mortality and correspondingly increased the mean life span of mice thus fed. Underfeeding, on the other hand, significantly increased juvenile mortality and thus decreased the mean life span of the animals irrespective of whether they had been underfed jointly or individually. Mice underfed in groups retained a high mortality even beyond the period of growth. However, the life span of all other mice, once they had reached adulthood (200 days of age), was not affected by the changes in dietary regimen during growth; their mean life spans and the maximum ages reached were not significantly different from one another.

scholarly journals Transport and Fate of Nitrate in the Streambed of a Low-Gradient Stream

Hydrology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Peterson ◽  
Kelly M. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
N Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Approach Zero

The transport and fate of nitrate (NO3−) to in the top 15 cm of a streambed has been well-documented, but an understanding of greater depths is limited. This work examines the transport and fate of nitrate (NO3−) at depths of 30 cm, 60 cm, 90 cm, and 150 cm below the stream-streambed interface. Concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N) and chloride (Cl−) were measured in the waters from the streambed, the stream water, and the groundwater. Mixing models predicted values of ΔNO3-N, the difference between measured NO3-N and theoretical NO3-N. At a 30-cm depth, the mean ΔNO3-N value was −0.25 mg/L, indicating a deficit of NO3-N and the removal of NO3-N from the system. At deeper levels, the values of ΔNO3-N began to approach zero, reaching a mean value of −0.07 mg/L at 150 cm. The reduction of NO3-N does not appear to be controlled by vegetation, as it was not correlated to either temperature or visible light. Larger negative ΔNO3-N values (more removal) occur when stream NO3-N concentrations are higher and organic matter is present.

scholarly journals Effects of long-term intervention with low- and high-glycaemic-index breakfasts on food intake in children aged 8–11 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jeya K. Henry ◽  
Helen J. Lightowler ◽  
Caroline M. Strik
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term intervention of low-glycaemic-index (GI) v. high-GI breakfasts on energy and macronutrient intakes in children aged 8–11 years. Preadolescent children were assigned to one of two groups in a random cross-over design. Each group was given low-GI and high-GI breakfasts on two non-consecutive days per week for 10 weeks per breakfast type. Each breakfast provided approximately 1273 kJ (300 kcal) and was closely matched for macronutrient and dietary fibre content. Subsequent food intake at an ad libitum buffet lunch was recorded and daily energy and macronutrient intakes were measured by 24 h recall and 3 d food diaries. There was a tendency towards a reduced energy intake at lunch following the low-GI breakfast compared with the high-GI breakfast, although the mean difference of 75 kJ (18 kcal) was not significant (P = 0·406). In particular, there was a trend towards a reduced energy intake in the low-GI arm compared with the high-GI arm among boys. In addition, data from the 3 d food diaries showed that there was a tendency towards a reduced energy intake during the low-GI compared with the high-GI study period. In conclusion, although the difference in energy intake following the low-GI and high-GI breakfasts was not statistically significant, the reduced energy intake following the low-GI breakfast is encouraging. Both dietary fibre and carbohydrate type may affect GI, thus their potential and relative modulating effect on appetite requires further investigation.

Mean Stress Correction Procedure in Fatigue Evaluation for High Pressure Vessels

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Terada ◽  
Kenji Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mean Stress ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation

One important issue in the fatigue evaluation that must be addressed is the mean stress correction procedure. ASME Div.3 is provided with the mean stress correction procedure. The predicted equivalent alternating stress intensities Seq are compared with the experimental results for push-pull fatigue tests with mean stress for JIS SCM440 and JIS SUS630 H1075. Seq per ASME Div.3 are not coincident with the experimental results. In case of high ratio of tensile mean stress to tensile strength, the difference becomes large and it is un-conservative. On the other hand Seq per KHK Standard are coincident with experimental results. The fatigue test results for pressurized cylinder tube by Davidson and Findley are also compared with predicted values per ASME Div.3 and KHK Standard. The results of comparison are same as that for above mentioned push-pull fatigue tests. Based on the experimental verification, the authors recommend that the mean stress correction procedure per KHK Standard be implemented in ASME Div.3.

Factors limiting the intake of feed by sheep. III. The mean retention time of feed particles in sections of the alimentary tract

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Weston
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

The mean retention time of feed particles in the alimentary tract of sheep was measured by means of a stained-particle technique, when lucerne hay or a diet of wheaten straw + wheaten hay (1 : 1) was offered ad libitum. The levels of intake of the straw diet and lucerne hay were equivalent to 11.8 and 25.8 g organic matter/day/kg body weight. The mean retention time of particles in the entire alimentary tract when the straw diet was offered was 57.5 hr, this consisting of 36.3 hr in the rumen + omasum and 21.2 hr in the abomasum + intestines. The retention time in the rumen + omasum was calculated to consist of (a) 19.7 hr during which the particles were being degraded to a size at which transfer from the rumen could be readily effected, and (b) 16.6 hr of residence in the rumen + omasum as small particles. With lucerne hay, the retention times were shorter: small particles spent 10.8 hr in the rumen + omasum and retention time in the abomasum + intestines was 16.1 hr. It was calculated that only a small proportion of the difference between the straw diet and lucerne hay in organic matter intake could be attributable to differences between the diets in the rate of removal of finely divided particles of organic matter from the rumen.

scholarly journals Spirometry Examination of Adolescents with Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is Correction for Height Loss Useful?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4877
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Politarczyk ◽  
Mateusz Kozinoga ◽  
Łukasz Stępniak ◽  
Paweł Panieński ◽  
Tomasz Kotwicki
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Radiographic Evaluation ◽  
Height Loss ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis

Loss of body height is observed in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) due to spine curvatures. The study compared pulmonary parameters obtained from spirometry examination considering the measured versus the corrected body height. One hundred and twenty adolescents with Lenke type 1 or 3 IS who underwent preoperative spirometry examination and radiographic evaluation were enrolled. The mean thoracic Cobb angle was 68° ± 12.6, range 48–102°. The difference between the measured and the corrected body height increased with the greater Cobb angle. Using the corrected body height instead of the measured body height significantly changed the predicted values of pulmonary parameters and influenced the interpretation of the pulmonary testing results.

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