Clinical Trials of Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy and Future Directions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin M. Drerup ◽  
Curtis A. Clark ◽  
Tyler J. Curiel
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of

Ovarian cancer (OC) is an immunogenic tumor and among the first where measures of anti-tumor immunity correlated with improved survival. Thus, immunotherapy could be a viable OC treatment modality. Nonetheless, clinical OC immunotherapy trials have demonstrated only modest successes at best, and there is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)approved OC immune therapy despite recent successes in other carcinomas and lymphomas and FDA-approved immunotherapy agents for them. New data suggest specific impediments to effective de novo and treatment-induced anti-OC immunity and support the concept that effective, tolerable OC immunotherapy could be developed based on these newer insights. This chapter reviews the history of OC immunotherapy, highlights important discoveries in OC-related immune dysfunction, covers promising recent developments, highlights newer and ongoing clinical trials, and speculates on future directions that could lead to improved OC immunotherapy approaches.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Monthony ◽  
Serena R. Page ◽  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Type

The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

scholarly journals CCD Time-Series Photometry of Astronomical Sources

1995 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Steve B. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Photometric Data ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of

CCDs are essentially the only instrument available today for photometry at most observatories; they are also becoming more readily available to amateurs as well. Thus, obtaining good photometric data with these two-dimensional devices is something we all need to understand. The history of and recent developments in CCD time-series photometry will be reviewed with some comments on future directions.

scholarly journals Foreign language attrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika S. Schmid ◽  
Teodora Mehotcheva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Language Attrition ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of

The present contribution discusses recent developments and future directions in the attrition of instructed foreign languages, arguing for a distinction between this type of attrition and attrition involving second languages acquired implicitly in an immersion setting. An overview of the history of research in the field and the most prominent findings is provided, followed by a discussion of theoretical models and methodologically problematic issues. We conclude by outlining some future directions for the field.

scholarly journals Current and Future Directions of Clinical Trials for Ovarian Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Ginger J. Gardner ◽  
Elizabeth L. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals A tutorial survey of architectures, algorithms, and applications for deep learning

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Deng
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Feature Learning ◽  
Representation Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of

In this invited paper, my overview material on the same topic as presented in the plenary overview session of APSIPA-2011 and the tutorial material presented in the same conference [1] are expanded and updated to include more recent developments in deep learning. The previous and the updated materials cover both theory and applications, and analyze its future directions. The goal of this tutorial survey is to introduce the emerging area of deep learning or hierarchical learning to the APSIPA community. Deep learning refers to a class of machine learning techniques, developed largely since 2006, where many stages of non-linear information processing in hierarchical architectures are exploited for pattern classification and for feature learning. In the more recent literature, it is also connected to representation learning, which involves a hierarchy of features or concepts where higher-level concepts are defined from lower-level ones and where the same lower-level concepts help to define higher-level ones. In this tutorial survey, a brief history of deep learning research is discussed first. Then, a classificatory scheme is developed to analyze and summarize major work reported in the recent deep learning literature. Using this scheme, I provide a taxonomy-oriented survey on the existing deep architectures and algorithms in the literature, and categorize them into three classes: generative, discriminative, and hybrid. Three representative deep architectures – deep autoencoders, deep stacking networks with their generalization to the temporal domain (recurrent networks), and deep neural networks (pretrained with deep belief networks) – one in each of the three classes, are presented in more detail. Next, selected applications of deep learning are reviewed in broad areas of signal and information processing including audio/speech, image/vision, multimodality, language modeling, natural language processing, and information retrieval. Finally, future directions of deep learning are discussed and analyzed.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs: the New Horizon of Gene Regulation in Ovarian Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 948-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Worku ◽  
Dinesh Bhattarai ◽  
Duncan Ayers ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of non-coding transcripts, have recently been emerging with heterogeneous molecular actions, adding a new layer of complexity to gene-regulation networks in tumorigenesis. LncRNAs are considered important factors in several ovarian cancer histotypes, although few have been identified and characterized. Owing to their complexity and the lack of adapted molecular technology, the roles of most lncRNAs remain mysterious. Some lncRNAs have been reported to play functional roles in ovarian cancer and can be used as classifiers for personalized medicine. The intrinsic features of lncRNAs govern their various molecular mechanisms and provide a wide range of platforms to design different therapeutic strategies for treating cancer at a particular stage. Although we are only beginning to understand the functions of lncRNAs and their interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, the expanding literature indicates that lncRNA-miRNA interactions could be useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the genetic variants of lncRNAs, heterogeneous mechanisms of actions of lncRNAs in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. We also highlight the recent developments in using lncRNAs as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Lastly, we discuss potential approaches for linking lncRNAs to future gene therapies, and highlight future directions in the field of ovarian cancer research.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Delivery Systems for Pain and Inflammation Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascia Bruni ◽  
Carlo Della Pepa ◽  
Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso ◽  
Enrica Pessione ◽  
Daniela Gastaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Transdermal Route

There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that cannabinoids are beneficial for a range of clinical conditions, including pain, inflammation, epilepsy, sleep disorders, the symptoms of multiple sclerosis, anorexia, schizophrenia and other conditions. The transformation of cannabinoids from herbal preparations into highly regulated prescription drugs is therefore progressing rapidly. The development of such drugs requires well-controlled clinical trials to be carried out in order to objectively establish therapeutic efficacy, dose ranges and safety. The low oral bioavailability of cannabinoids has led to feasible methods of administration, such as the transdermal route, intranasal administration and transmucosal adsorption, being proposed. The highly lipophilic nature of cannabinoids means that they are seen as suitable candidates for advanced nanosized drug delivery systems, which can be applied via a range of routes. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery strategies have flourished in several therapeutic fields in recent years and numerous drugs have reached the market. This review explores the most recent developments, from preclinical to advanced clinical trials, in the cannabinoid delivery field, and focuses particularly on pain and inflammation treatment. Likely future directions are also considered and reported.

Current and Future Directions of Clinical Trials for Ovarian Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginger J. Gardner ◽  
Elizabeth L. Jewell
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals Intraocular Robotic Surgical Systems

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Gerber ◽  
J. P. Hubschman
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Adoption

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we provide a brief history of intraocular robotic surgical systems and review the latest technological advancements. The goals are to (a) provide readers with a clear understanding of the important work that has been done in this field; (b) illuminate existing challenges towards full clinical adoption; and (c) speculate on future directions. Recent Findings The majority of work on intraocular robotic surgical systems has been done in university research settings, although two systems have been evaluated in human clinical trials and one system is commercially available for use in human patients. Summary The future of robotic systems in intraocular surgical procedures will depend on the results of ongoing clinical trials and the success of recent start-up companies. Many challenges remain before such systems can become safe and effective treatment options. However, the future of intraocular robotic surgical systems is bright and full of promise.

DNA Immunization Against Melanoma Antigens Enhances Tumor Immunity in Mice Following Sub-Lethal Irradiation and Immune Reconstitution.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3057-3057
Author(s):  
Adi Diab ◽  
Vanessa M. Hubbard ◽  
Adam Cohen ◽  
Deonka Huggins ◽  
Adam Kochman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Dna Immunization ◽  
Tumor Vaccines ◽  
Lethal Irradiation ◽  
Self Antigens

Abstract The development of successful cancer vaccines is contingent on the ability to induce effective anti-tumor immunity against self-antigens that do not typically elicit immunity. We are working on strategies to overcome immunologic tolerance/ignorance to cancer through the use of gene products closely related to self-antigens, including xenogeneic DNA and mutated DNA, and have initiated clinical trials of DNA vaccines in patients with advanced melanoma or prostate cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that homeostasis-driven T-cell proliferation in the reconstituted lymphodepleted host could enhance the efficacy of whole-cell tumor vaccines. We hypothesized that immunization of sub-lethally irradiated and immune reconstituted mice against specific tumor antigens could increase anti-tumor immunity. B6 mice were irradiated with 600 cGy and immediately reconstituted with 30 x 106 syngeneic splenocytes. Weekly DNA immunization using either human tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 DNA (xenogeneic melanoma differentiation antigen (MDA) or Opt-Tyrp1 DNA (a mutated MDA, which has been optimized for CD8 epitopes), was begun on day 1. We have found that: (1) by day 14 after irradiation and reconstitution, recipients have considerable numbers of splenic T cells, including de novo generated donor T cells, which suggests that vaccination aimed at T cells might be feasible; (2) DNA immunization against a single tumor antigen can provide protection from a tumor challenge that is significantly greater than that observed in immunized non-irradiated hosts (Figure); (3) DNA immunization induces higher levels of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the irradiated and reconstituted recipients (detected by intracellular cytokine flow cytometry assay); and (4) the effects of DNA immunization after lymphodepletion with immune reconstitution on both tumor-free survival and CD8+ T cell responses have been validated for two different DNA vaccine strategies (TRP-2 DNA and Opt-Tyrp1 DNA). These results demonstrate that DNA immunization following sub-lethal irradiation and immune reconstitution can induce potent anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, they provide a strong rationale for the development of novel therapeutic strategies that combine lymphodepletion with immune reconstitution and DNA immunization in human clinical trials.

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