In vitro algicidal effect of polypyrrole on Prototheca species isolates from bovine mastitisAlgicidal activity of polypyrrole on Prototheca spp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119
Author(s):  
Valessa Lunkes Ely ◽  
Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa ◽  
Helinando Pequeno de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Antonio Gomes da Silva Júnior ◽  
Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Algicidal Activity ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Algicidal Effect ◽  
Bovine Species

Abstract Algae of the genus Prototheca are microorganisms involved in the occurrence of diseases in humans and animals. In bovine species, Prototheca spp. cause environmental mastitis, productive losses in dairy herds, mainly leading to the discard of infected cows. Currently, there are no effective anti-Prototheca spp. drugs to combat this infection. Thus, the search for an efficacious therapy for Prototheca spp. infections have become essential. Highly soluble polypyrrole (Ppy) is a molecule with known antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to characterize Prototheca spp. isolates from bovine mastitis as well as to evaluate the susceptibility profile and to verify the morphological alterations on Prototheca spp. isolates treated with Ppy. In this research, 36 Brazilian isolates of Prototheca spp. were characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) assay for the mitochondrial cytB gene. Additionally, Ppy algicidal activity against these isolates of Prototheca spp. was assessed by minimal microbicidal concentration method in microplates. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed in order to verify the morphological alterations on Prototheca spp. isolates in response to Ppy. The isolates were characterized as belonging to Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 (35/36) and Prototheca blaschkeae (1/36). Ppy had an algicidal effect on all isolates tested at concentrations ranging from 15.625 μg ml−1 to 62.5 μg ml−1. SEM showed changes on planktonic and sessile P. zopfii, including a decrease of the number of cells with the presence of an amorphous substance involving the cells. The algicidal activity of Ppy suggests the therapeutic potential of this molecule in the prevention and treatment of Prototheca spp. in bovine mastitis.

In vitro algicidal effect of guanidine on Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 strains isolated from clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Alves ◽  
E. Capra ◽  
S. Morandi ◽  
P. Cremonesi ◽  
J.C.F. Pantoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Prototheca Zopfii ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Algicidal Effect

scholarly journals Etiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of strains isolated from bovine mastitis in dairy herds from the midwest region of Santa Catarina state, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Mylena Karoline Valmorbida ◽  
Danielle Correia dos Santos Carneiro ◽  
Keila Catarina Prior ◽  
Eliete Griebeler ◽  
Marcella Zampoli Troncarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Santa Catarina State

scholarly journals Efficacy of natural formulations in bovine mastitis pathology: alternative solution to antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Pașca ◽  
Liviu Alexandru Mărghitaș ◽  
Daniel Severus Dezmirean ◽  
Ioana Adriana Matei ◽  
Victorița Bonta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

AbstractIntroductionBovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the udder that causes important economic losses in the animal breeding and dairy product industries. Nowadays, the conventional livestock antibiotic treatments are slowly being replaced by alternative treatments. In this context, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of natural products in alternative treatment of bovine mastitis.Material and MethodsTwo natural formulations with previously suggested in vitro antimicrobial effect were tested in vivo on mastitic cows. Animals with a positive diagnosis for mastitis (n = 20) were divided into three treatment groups: two groups (n = 8) were administered formulations of propolis, alcoholic extracts of Brewers Gold and Perle hops, plum lichen, common mallow, marigold, absinthe wormwood, black poplar buds, lemon balm, and essential oils of oregano, lavender, and rosemary designated R4 and R7 (differing only in the latter being more concentrated) and one group (n = 4) a conventional antibiotic mixture. In vivo efficacy of treatments was evaluated by somatic cell and standard plate counts, the treatment being considered efficacious when both parameters were under the maximum limit.ResultsR7 was effective in the most cases, being therapeutically bactericidal in six out of eight cows, while R4 gave good results in three out of eight cows, and conventional antibiotics cured one out of four.ConclusionThese results suggest the possible therapeutic potential of these natural products in bovine mastitis.

In vitro anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of amorolfine hydrochloride and azithromycin, alone and in combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Lara Baccarin Ianiski ◽  
Paula Cristina Stibbe ◽  
Laura Bedin Denardi ◽  
Carla Weiblen ◽  
Mauro Pereira Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Pythium Insidiosum ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract Pythium insidiosum infections have been widely studied in an attempt to develop an effective therapeutic protocol for the treatment of human and animal pythiosis. Several antifungal agents are still prescribed against this oomycete, although they present contradictory results. To evaluate the susceptibility profile and to verify the morphological alterations in P. insidiosum isolates treated with amorolfine hydrochloride and azithromycin, alone or in combination. Susceptibility tests for P. insidiosum isolates (n = 20) against amorolfine hydrochloride (AMR) and azithromycin (AZM) were performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutes (CLSI) protocol M38-A2. Combinations of both drugs were evaluated using the checkerboard microdilution method. Additionally, transmission and scanning electron microscopy were performed in order to verify the morphological alterations in P. insidiosum isolates in response to these drugs. All P. insidiosum isolates had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 16 to 64 mg/l and 8 to 64 mg/l for amorolfine hydrochloride and azithromycin, respectively. Synergistic interactions between the drugs were not observed, with antagonism in 59.8% of isolates, and indifferent interactions in 36.2%. Electron microscopy showed changes in the surface of P. insidiosum hyphae, disorganization of intracellular organelles, and changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of oomycetes treated with the drugs. This is the first study to demonstrate in vitro anti-P. insidiosum effect of amorolfine hydrochloride. These results indicate the therapeutic potential of this drug against cutaneous and subcutaneous forms of pythiosis, but further studies are necessary to confirm this potential.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results, Perspectives, and Proposal for a Screening Method of In Vitro Susceptibility of Prototheca Species to Antimicrotubular Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Morello ◽  
Tommaso Tiroli ◽  
Francesca Aretino ◽  
Stefano Morandi ◽  
Diego Breviario
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Milk Cows

ABSTRACT Microorganisms belonging to the genus Prototheca are achlorophyllous microalgae, occasionally behaving as environmental pathogens that cause severe mastitis in milk cows, as well as localized or systemic infections in humans and animals. Among the different species belonging to the genus, Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 (recently reclassified as P. bovis) and P. blaschkeae are most commonly associated with bovine mastitis. To date, no pharmacological treatment is available to cure protothecal mastitis, and infected animals must be quarantined to avoid spreading the infection. The few antibiotic and antifungal drugs effective in vitro against Prototheca give poor results in vivo. This failure is likely due to the lack of specificity of such drugs. As microalgae are more closely related to plants than to bacteria or fungi, an alternative possibility is to test molecules with herbicidal properties, in particular, antimicrotubular herbicides, for which plant rather than animal tubulin is the selective target. Once a suitable test protocol was set up, a panel of 11 antimicrotubular agents belonging to different chemical classes and selective for plant tubulin were tested for the ability to inhibit growth of Prototheca cells in vitro. Two dinitroanilines, dinitramine and chloralin, showed strong inhibitory effects on P. blaschkeae at low micromolar concentrations, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 4.5 and 3 μM, respectively, while both P. zopfii genotype 1 (now reclassified as P. ciferrii) and P. bovis showed susceptibility to dinitramine only, to different degrees. Suitable screening protocols for antimitotic agents are suggested.

DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
H. L. Krüskemper ◽  
F. J. Kessler ◽  
E. Steinkrüger
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT 1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.

Cytotoxic Effect of the Combination of Gemcitabine and Atorvastatin Loaded in Microemulsion on the HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayson H. Alkhatib ◽  
Dalal Al-Saedi ◽  
Wadiah S. Backer
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Apoptosis Detection ◽  
Hct116 Cells

The combination of anticancer drugs in nanoparticles has great potential as a promising strategy to maximize efficacies by eradicating resistant, reduce the dosage of the drug and minimize toxicities on the normal cells. Gemcitabine (GEM), a nucleoside analogue, and atorvastatin (ATV), a cholesterol lowering agent, have shown anticancer effect with some limitations. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of the combination therapy of GEM and ATVencapsulated in a microemulsion (ME) formulation in the HCT116 colon cancer cells. The cytotoxicity and efficacy of the formulation were assessed by the 3- (4,5dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphyneltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The mechanism of cell death was examined by observing the morphological changes of treated cells under light microscope, identifying apoptosis by using the ApopNexin apoptosis detection kit, and viewing the morphological changes in the chromatin structure stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) under the inverted fluorescence microscope. It has been found that reducing the concentration of GEM loaded on ME (GEM-ME) from 5μM to 1.67μM by combining it with 3.33μM of ATV in a ME formulation (GEM/2ATV-ME) has preserved the strong cytotoxicity of GEM-ME against HCT116 cells. The current study proved that formulating GEM with ATV in ME has improved the therapeutic potential of GEM and ATV as anticancer drugs.

Polyphenols of leaves of Apium graveolens inhibit in vitro protein glycation and protect RINm5F cells against methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Martha Perez Gutierrez ◽  
Alethia Muñiz-Ramirez ◽  
Abraham Heriberto Garcia Campoy ◽  
Jose Maria Mota Flores ◽  
Sergio Odin Flores
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Rinm5f Cells ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content

Background: The health benefits of edible plants have been widely investigated and disseminated. However, only polyphenols have been found to have sufficient therapeutic potential to be considered in clinical trials. Fewer manuscripts have other applications such as prospective health benefits and disease treatment. Other components of edible plants are responsible for a range of other benefits including antimalarial, burns, flu, cancer, inflammation, diabetes, glycation, antimicrobial, prevention of neurodegeneration, analgesic, antimigraine activity, sedative activities, etc. Accordingly, the public needs to be informed of the potential edible plants have to act on different targets and maintain better control over diabetes compared to commercial drugs which can be toxic, have side effects, do not have the capacity to maintain blood glucose at normal levels, and do not protect the patient from the complications of diabetes over time. Consequently, edible plants, such as Apium graveolen, which have therapeutic targets on AGEs formation, are potentially a better alternative treatment for diabetes.Methods: The leaves of celery were extracted with methanol (CM). Polyphenols contents in CM were investigated by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass. The ability of the compounds to inhibit formation of AGEs was evaluated in vitro models using formation of AGE fluorescence intensity, level of fructosamine, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), methylglyoxal (MG)-derived protein, and formation of amyloid cross β structure. Protein-oxidation was determined by thiol group and protein carbonyl content. Inhibition of MG-derived AGEs and MG-trapping ability were also measured. Additionally, insulin production was determined in methylglyoxal-treated pancreatic RINm5F cells assay. Results: Apigenin, kaempferol, apiin, rutin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaroylquinic acid, and p-coumaric acid were the major polyphenols contained in CM. In all the model tests CM displayed potent AGE inhibitory activity, suggesting that CM delayed the three stages of glycation. Accordingly, the mechanisms of action of celery involving dicarbonyl trapping and breaking the crosslink structure in the AGEs formed may contribute to the protection of pancreatic RINm5F cells against MG conditions.Conclusion: These findings indicate that CM have an excellent anti-glycation effect which may be beneficial for future development of antiglycating agents for the treatment of diabetes.Keywords: Apium graveolens, anti-glycation, polyphenols methylglyoxal, insulin, pancreatic cells

Formulation of Modified Release Atorvastatin Nanoparticles by Emulsion Interfacial Reaction Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2937-2940
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Sekar ◽  
Shee Sim May
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
Vitro Release

The aim of the study is to formulate a modified release chitosan nanoparticles for the oral delivery of atorvastatin and to study the in vitro release of atorvastatin from chitosan nanoparticles. Atorvastatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared with different concentration of cross-linking agent (glutaraldehyde) by emulsion interfacial reaction method. The formed nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size and morphological characteristics by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Spherical and regular nanoparticles with the size range of 100-250nm were formed. Atorvastatin encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles was found to be highest in ANP3, followed by ANP2 and ANP1. The in vitro release of atorvastatin was studied by membrane diffusion technique. The resulted cumulative percentage of drug released for ANP1, ANP2 and ANP3 were 60.08%, 34.81% and 20.39% respectively. Through this study, the nanoparticles preparation technique has shown to be a promising approach for enhancing the dissolution of hydrophobic drugs like atorvastatin calcium. The application of this novel delivery system offers good therapeutic potential in the management of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemia.

In Vitro Immunodetection of Prothymosin Alpha in Normal and Pathological Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (29) ◽  
pp. 4840-4854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou ◽  
Hubert Kalbacher ◽  
Wolfgang Voelter ◽  
Ourania E. Tsitsilonis ◽  
Evangelia Livaniou
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Prothymosin Alpha ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Biologic Response ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Almost All

Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is a highly acidic polypeptide, ubiquitously expressed in almost all mammalian cells and tissues and consisting of 109 amino acids in humans. ProTα is known to act both, intracellularly, as an anti-apoptotic and proliferation mediator, and extracellularly, as a biologic response modifier mediating immune responses similar to molecules termed as “alarmins”. Antibodies and immunochemical techniques for ProTα have played a leading role in the investigation of the biological role of ProTα, several aspects of which still remain unknown and contributed to unraveling the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the polypeptide. This review deals with the so far reported antibodies along with the related immunodetection methodology for ProTα (immunoassays as well as immunohistochemical, immunocytological, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation techniques) and its application to biological samples of interest (tissue extracts and sections, cells, cell lysates and cell culture supernatants, body fluids), in health and disease states. In this context, literature information is critically discussed, and some concluding remarks are presented.

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