scholarly journals Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody seroprevalence among truck drivers and assistants in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Wangeci Kagucia ◽  
John N Gitonga ◽  
Catherine Kalu ◽  
Eric Ochomo ◽  
Benard Ochieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract In October 2020, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence among truck drivers and their assistants (TDA) in Kenya was 42.3%, higher than among healthcare workers and blood donors. TDA transport essential supplies during the COVID-19 pandemic, placing them at increased risk of being infected and of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 over a wide geographical area.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in healthcare workers and other staff at North Bristol NHS Trust: a sociodemographic analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Jones ◽  
Fergus W. Hamilton ◽  
Ameeka Thompson ◽  
Tim T. Morris ◽  
Ed Moran
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighbourhood Deprivation ◽  
Junior Staff ◽  
Increased Risk

Structured summaryBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are limited data exploring the relative impact of geographical and socioeconomic factors on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs.AimTo estimate and explore SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody seroprevalence in HCWs and support staff at a hospital in South West England.MethodsWe conducted a nested cross-sectional study from May-July 2020. Inverse probability weighted regression was used to estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and associations with demographic and socioeconomic risk factors that were robust to selection into testing.FindingsAttendance for testing varied by demographic and socioeconomic factors. The overall rate of SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence among tested staff was 9.3% (638/6858). The highest seroprevalence was found in wards associated with SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and among junior staff with patient-facing roles. Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) staff had increased odds of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (adjusted OR: 1.99, 95%CI: 1.69, 2.34; p<0.001) relative to White staff, except for those categorised as Medical/Dental. We found a significant association between neighbourhood deprivation and seroprevalence (p<0.01). Seroprevalence ranged from 12% in staff residing in areas with the greatest relative deprivation to 8.4% in the least deprived.ConclusionTransmission between staff groups is evident within the healthcare setting. BAME individuals were at increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2. Work role, area of residence, and neighbourhood deprivation all contribute to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. As hospitals introduce routine staff SARS-CoV-2 testing they should consider differential uptake of testing among staff groups.

scholarly journals Serological evidence of increased susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus reactivation or reinfection in natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1823-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Kohlmann ◽  
Anke Salmen ◽  
Andrew Chan ◽  
Cornelius Knabbe ◽  
Jürgen Diekmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Varicella Zoster Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Virus Reactivation ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Serious adverse drug reactions of disease-modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy may include enhanced susceptibility to reactivation of neurotropic herpes viruses like varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and the John Cunningham (JC) polyomavirus. Objective: Because symptomatic reactivation of these viruses are rare events, we determined the incidence of rises in anti-VZV IgG antibody levels as a potential marker for enhanced susceptibility to subclinical and symptomatic reactivation of neurotropic viruses. Methods: Anti-VZV IgG levels were measured in paired serum samples taken 6–8 months apart from natalizumab-treated MS patients, healthy blood donors and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. Results: The incidence of significant rises in anti-VZV IgG levels in natalizumab-treated MS patients was 4.26 per 100 person-years, which was significantly higher than in healthy blood donors. Retrospective evaluation of the available medical records of patients with rises of anti-VZV IgG levels did not reveal herpes zoster (i.e. shingles) manifestations. Conclusions: The increased incidence of significant rises of anti-VZV IgG levels in natalizumab-treated MS patients might indicate an association of natalizumab treatment of MS with an elevated risk of a subclinical VZV reactivation and/or reinfection events. Whether this is predictive of an increased risk of herpes zoster or even symptomatic reactivation of other neurotropic viruses remains to be determined in larger prospective studies.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional seroprevalence study of antibody to Bordetella pertussis toxin in western Saudi Arabia: is there a need for a vaccine booster dose for adolescents and young adults?

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042711
Author(s):  
Fayssal Farahat ◽  
Abdulhakeem Althaqafi ◽  
Abdulfattah Al-Amri ◽  
Asim Alsaedi ◽  
Mohammad Abouremsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Military Recruits ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antibody Titres

ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of antibody to pertussis toxin among adult populations in western Saudi Arabia.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingKing Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, western Saudi Arabia. A tertiary care teaching hospital.ParticipantsA total of 1200 participants (400 healthcare workers, 400 military recruits and 400 blood donors) were included. The majority were male (79.3%), and the mean (±SD) age was 27.2 (±6.7) years old.InterventionsThe study included the analysis of serum blood samples using commercial ELISA. A consecutive sampling technique was applied.Primary outcome measuresSeropositivity of antipertussis toxin immunoglobulin G (anti-PT IgG) ≥62.5 IU/mL.ResultsAntibody titres ≥62.5 IU/mL, indicating exposure to Bordetella pertussis infection within the last year, were identified in 12.0% (95% CI 10.2% to 14.0%) of the participants. Titres ≥125 IU/mL, suggesting recent infection, were detected in 3.5% (95% CI 2.5% to 4.7%). Seroprevalence of positive IgG antibody titres (≥62.5 IU/mL) was highest among the healthcare workers (HCWs) (14%), then the military recruits (13.5%) and blood donors (8.5%; p=0.03). The multivariate regression analysis showed association between participants group (HCWs and military), male gender and younger age (<25 years old) and higher antibody to pertussis toxin.ConclusionsHigh pertussis seropositivity was associated with participants’ occupation (ie, healthcare workers and military recruits), and anti-PT IgG titre was negatively correlated with age. A substantial deficiency in pertussis reporting in Saudi Arabia has been suggested, with potential increased risk to the most vulnerable populations (ie, infants and elderly). Enhancing the booster dose of pertussis vaccine for adolescents and adults is crucial to minimise the burden of pertussis.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 IgG Surveillance in Asymptomatic Blood Donors and Health Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tulika Chandra ◽  
Devisha Agarwal ◽  
D. Himanshu ◽  
Mallika Agarwal ◽  
Bipin Puri
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
First Case ◽  
Medical Healthcare

Background and Objectives. SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused a global pandemic as declared by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in March 2020. In India, the first case was reported in Kerala on the 30th of January, and since then, many states are active but some are showing flattening. Following the seroprevalence testing in healthy blood donors, we can monitor the spread of the virus among healthy people, thus eventually leading to implementing strategies to reduce the spread. Thus, a need was felt to conduct a study to assess the IgG antibody status in healthcare workers differentiating those who were in COVID-19 and others in non-COVID-19 emergency duties during this pandemic. Materials and Methods. 2085 blood donors were allowed to donate blood only after fulfilling all the criteria laid down by the FDA of India with additional history of excluding COVID-19 suspects. IgG antibody testing was performed by chemiluminescence, and results were noted along with their reactive status. Their reactive status was analyzed with donor information to get an idea of the risk parameters for COVID-19. Medical healthcare workers in whom the study was carried out were 560, out of which 114 had worked in COVID-19 duties and 446 had worked in non-COVID-19 emergencies areas. COVID-19 area duties were further subdivided into triage, holding area, isolation, and COVID-19-related duties. The samples were run on architect i2000 and evaluated for their plasma immunoglobulin G. Results. Amongst the asymptomatic blood donors, 1.9% was found to be COVID-19 IgG antibody positive. It was observed that maximum COVID-19 IgG positivity (57.1%) was seen in the age group 18–29 years followed by 26.2% in the age group 30–39 years. Donors in the age group 40–49 years showed antibody positivity of 16.7%, and no antibody-positive donors were found above 50 years of age. COVID-19 IgG positivity was maximum in replacement donors (61.9%) followed by family donors (28.6%) and least involuntary donors (0.6%) Blood donors who showed high IgG positivity were mainly of labor class. Antibody IgG testing on medical healthcare workers showed 2.3% positivity. The healthcare workers who were posted in COVID-19 duties showed 4.8% positivity in the holding area (waiting area with the treatment of patients till their RT PCR report comes) and 5.7% in other COVID-19 areas related to laboratory work. Healthcare workers doing duties in COVID-19 areas showed 2.7% positivity, while those doing duties in non-COVID-19 emergency areas showed a positivity of 2.2%. Conclusion. Our study shows that the prevalence of detectable antibodies was low in the general population in India and many patients were asymptomatic as seen in the blood donors, especially the labor class. Maximum exposure was present in young healthy males of labor class who remained asymptomatic. The healthcare workers were more exposed to COVID-19 as compared to the general population probably due to lack of precaution and awareness. Those doing non-COVID-19 duties were also exposed appreciably and needed to take all the precautions required for COVID-19 duties.

Analysis of the antibodies anti-Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA based on two diagnostic antigens: rSAG1 and rBAG1

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Ju-Ying Li ◽  
Han Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

AbstractSchizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disease of uncertain etiology. Previous studies have demonstrated that antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii infection are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to analyze anti-T. gondii antibodies in 477 Chinese schizophrenia patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on recombinant surface antigen 1 (rSAG1), recombinant bradyzoite antigen 1 (rBAG1) and the soluble tachyzoite antigens (STAg) of T. gondii RH strain. Results showed that among the sero-positives (IgG and/or IgM) for T. gondii infection examined in schizophrenia patients, sero-positive samples for rSAG1, rBAG1 and STAg were 20.5% (98/477), 20.5% (98/477) and 23.5% (112/477) respectively, while compared to 210 blood donors, sero-positive (IgG and/or IgM) samples for these antigens (rSAG1, rBAG1 and STAg) were only 5.7% (12/210), 6.2% (13/210) and 5.7% (12/210), respectively. Furthermore, when IgG antibody reaction in the schizophrenia sera was compared with the rBAG1 and rSAG1, results demonstrated that beside the cases which can be detected by both rSAG1 and rBAG1, some sero-positive for T. gondii in schizophrenia sera can only be detected either by rSAG1 or rBAG1. This phenomenon was also observed in the detection of IgM with rSAG1 and rBAG1. 5.9% (28/477) of cases of schizophrenia which are positive for IgG or IgM by rSAG1 are negative for STAg, while 9.2% (44/477) of the schizophrenia cases which are positive for IgG or IgM by rBAG1 are negative for STAg. Although STAg can also be used to diagnose T. gondii infection from schizophrenia patients, it may not actually indicate the infection as some positive samples may be mistakenly considered to be negative. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the sero-positive rate for T. gondii in the Chinese schizophrenia patients was higher than blood donors. More importantly, our results provide evidence that the combination of rSAG1 and rBAG1 antigens in the diagnosis of T. gondii infection could closely reflect the actual infection of this parasite in schizophrenia patients.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among truck drivers and assistants in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Wangeci Kagucia ◽  
John N Gitonga ◽  
Catherine Kalu ◽  
Eric Ochomo ◽  
Benard Ochieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractIn October 2020, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence among truck drivers and their assistants (TDA) in Kenya was 42.3%, higher than among other key populations. TDA transport essential supplies during the COVID-19 pandemic, placing them at increased risk of being infected and of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 infection over a wide geographical area.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Voluntary Blood Donation among Healthcare Workers at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Nwogoh ◽  
Usimenahon Aigberadion ◽  
Alexander Ikenna Nwannadi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The University ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Introduction. Adequate and safe blood supply has remained a challenge in developing countries like ours. There is a high dependency on family replacement and remunerated blood donors in our environment which carries an attendant increased risk of transfusion transmissible infection. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of voluntary blood donation among healthcare workers (nonphysicians) and to identify and recruit potential voluntary blood donors. Methodology. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. A total of 163 staffs were recruited. Pretest questionnaires were used to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice of voluntary blood donation. Statistical Analysis. The responses were collated and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 16. The association between blood donation practice and gender of respondents, category of staff, and level of education was tested using Chi-square and Fisher’s tests where appropriate. were considered statistically significant. Results. The median age of the respondents was 32 years (18–56) with females accounting for 55.6% (90). A total of 74.8% (122) attained tertiary education, and 55.8% (91) of respondents were senior staffs. The majority has good knowledge and positive attitude towards donation; however, only 22.1% (36) have donated blood with 41.7% (15) of these being voluntary. Male workers were more likely to donate (). There is no significant association between blood donation and level of education. Conclusion. There is a strong disparity between the knowledge, attitude, and practice of voluntary donation amongst healthcare workers.

Study of sharp injuries and blood splash exposures among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Sivananjiah Pradeep ◽  
Suman Gadicherla Raghu ◽  
Prathab A G ◽  
Banashankari G Rudresh ◽  
Radhika Kunnavil
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sharps Injury ◽  
Sharps Injuries

The working environment of healthcare workers (HCW) exposes them to sharp injuries. This communication attempts to examine the injury registers, incidence of sharps injuries and blood splash exposures, and the post-exposure prophylaxis status of employees in a tertiary care hospital. Analysis included records form 54 locations of two units of a tertiary hospital attached to a Medical College. Maintenance of the injury register overall was highly satisfactory in both units. Two hundred and nine injuries were recorded from both units of the hospital. The majority of injuries (60.5%) occurred in the age group of 20-30 years with 70% among females. Waste handlers were at increased risk during waste management procedures. Thirty two percent of sharps injury injuries occurred in wards. Of the ward nursing staff, 25.3% received sharps injuries. Post-exposure prophylaxis for Hepatitis B (primary dose) was given to 25 HCWs; 11 received booster doses. The basic regimen for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis was given to 4 HCWs. Awareness about records maintenance, regular documentation, awareness and training, and implementation of appropriate preventive measures can reduce the incidence of injuries. Key words: Sharps, injury register, Health care workers (HCW),Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Animesh Ray ◽  
Dr. Komal Singh ◽  
Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽  
Farha Mehdi ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and asymptomatic viral carriage in healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Erin Aldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Internal ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the rates of asymptomatic viral carriage and seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers.DesignA cross-sectional study of asymptomatic healthcare workers undertaken on 24/25 April 2020.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHBFT), UK.Participants545 asymptomatic healthcare workers were recruited while at work. Participants were invited to participate via the UHBFT social media. Exclusion criteria included current symptoms consistent with COVID-19. No potential participants were excluded.InterventionParticipants volunteered a nasopharyngeal swab and a venous blood sample that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies, respectively. Results were interpreted in the context of prior illnesses and the hospital departments in which participants worked.Main outcome measureProportion of participants demonstrating infection and positive SARS-CoV-2 serology.ResultsThe point prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 viral carriage was 2.4% (n=13/545). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24.4% (n=126/516). Participants who reported prior symptomatic illness had higher seroprevalence (37.5% vs 17.1%, χ2=21.1034, p<0.0001) and quantitatively greater antibody responses than those who had remained asymptomatic. Seroprevalence was greatest among those working in housekeeping (34.5%), acute medicine (33.3%) and general internal medicine (30.3%), with lower rates observed in participants working in intensive care (14.8%). BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) ethnicity was associated with a significantly increased risk of seropositivity (OR: 1.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.23, p=0.01). Working on the intensive care unit was associated with a significantly lower risk of seropositivity compared with working in other areas of the hospital (OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.78, p=0.02).Conclusions and relevanceWe identify differences in the occupational risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between hospital departments and confirm asymptomatic seroconversion occurs in healthcare workers. Further investigation of these observations is required to inform future infection control and occupational health practices.

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