scholarly journals 492. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Diabetes Surrogate Markers in a Population of People Living with HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S347-S347
Author(s):  
Tyler Maxwell ◽  
Esther Kanner ◽  
Nubriel Hernandez ◽  
Suzanne Molino ◽  
Jessica E Yager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Appointment Adherence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic that brought changes in sociological, economic and health perspectives. The impact of the pandemic on health maintenance is not yet understood, but aspects of the lockdown are being assessed for their impact on society. Diabetes and HIV are diseases that require frequent follow-up to achieve outcomes. Changes to routines during the lockdown, such as physical activity, eating habits, and psychological burden, may result in complications for this patient population. Methods This is a multi-center, retrospective cohort study performed between October 2019 to October 2020 at two medical centers in Brooklyn, NY. All adult patients with diagnoses of diabetes and HIV were screened for inclusion. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy and long-term steroid use. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain demographic, laboratory data, and appointment retention data. The primary endpoint was the mean change in HbA1c (A1c) values before and after the pandemic. Endpoints were evaluated using paired T-tests and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank tests, where appropriate, and a repeated measures logistic regression model was used to analyze appointment retention rates. Results Baseline characteristics are summarized in Table 1. No significance was observed between baseline A1c values and those taken either up to 3 months (p= 0.862) or up to 6 months (p= 0.977) after the start of the pandemic, as shown in Table 2. Similarly, no difference was observed in HIV surrogate markers. A1c significantly decreased from between the 3-month and 6-month study dates, after the start of the pandemic (p= 0.022). Table 3 shows patients were more likely to fulfill a scheduled appointment during the pandemic with an odds ratio of 1.455 (95% CI, 1.119-1.891). Conclusion No significance was found in surrogate markers for health maintenance before and after the pandemic. Patients were more likely to keep an appointment after the start of the pandemic and A1c values significantly declined from 3 months to 6 months into the pandemic. Although COVID-19 did not appear to change overall health maintenance of T2DM within our population, our results imply that pandemic measures, such as telehealth appointments, positively affected appointment adherence, which is key to success in this population. Disclosures Jessica E. Yager, MD MPH, Abbott Laboratories (Shareholder)Amgen Inc (Shareholder)Becton Dickenson & Co (Shareholder)Edwards Lifesciences Corp (Shareholder)Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Recipient of FOCUS grant)

scholarly journals The impact of a heat and moisture exchange mask on respiratory symptoms and airway response to exercise in asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 00271-2019
Author(s):  
Anna R. Jackson ◽  
J.H. Hull ◽  
James G. Hopker ◽  
Hannah Fletcher ◽  
William Gowers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory symptoms, including cough, are prevalent in individuals with asthma when exercising. This study investigates whether a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) face mask is effective in modulating exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and post-exercise cough in a cold, dry environment in individuals with asthma.Twenty-six participants diagnosed with asthma (20 males, 6 females) completed three cycling exercise challenges at 8°C and 24% relative humidity in a randomised order. Participants wore either an HME mask (MASK), sham mask (SHAM), or no mask (CONT). Following a 3-min warm-up, participants completed 6-min cycling at 80% peak power output. Before and after exercise, maximal flow-volume loops were recorded. Post-exercise cough was monitored with a Leicester Cough Monitor (LCM) for 24 h. Results were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Friedman's tests and data were presented as the mean±sd or median (interquartile range (IQR)).Eleven participants failed to demonstrate EIB (i.e. >10% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s after exercise) and were removed from analysis. The percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s following exercise in CONT was greater than MASK (MASK: −6% (7%), SHAM: −11% (11%), CONT: −13% (9%); p<0.01). No difference was found between exercise in cough count per hour over the 24-h monitoring period or the number of coughs in the first hour after exercise.HME masks can attenuate EIB when exercising in cold, dry environments. The SHAM mask may not have been entirely inert, demonstrating the challenges of running randomised control trials utilising control and sham conditions.

scholarly journals Differences among U.S. States in Estimating the Number of People Living with HIV/AIDS: Impact on Allocation of Federal Ryan White Funding

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Nash ◽  
Evie Andreopoulos ◽  
Deborah Horowitz ◽  
Nancy Sohler ◽  
David Vlahov
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Detectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Ryan White ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objective. We assessed the impact of differing laboratory reporting scenarios on the completeness of estimates of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) in the U.S., which are used to guide allocation of federal Ryan White funds. Methods. We conducted a four-year simulation study using clinical and laboratory data on 1,337 HIV-positive women, including 477 (36%) who did not have AIDS at baseline. We estimated the completeness of HIV (non-AIDS) case ascertainment for three laboratory reporting scenarios: CD4<200 cells/μL and detectable viral load (Scenario A); CD4<500 cells/μL and no viral load reporting (Scenario B); and CD4<500 cells/μL and detectable viral load (Scenario C). Results. Each scenario resulted in an increasing proportion of HIV (non-AIDS) cases being ascertained over time, with Scenario C yielding the highest by Year 4 (Year 1: 69.0%, Year 4: 88.1%), followed by Scenario A (Year 1: 63.3%, Year 4: 84.5%), and Scenario B (Year 1: 43.0%, Year 4: 67.7%). Overall completeness of PLWHA ascertainment after four years was highest for Scenario C (95.8%), followed by Scenario A (94.5%), and Scenario B (88.5%). Conclusions. Differences in laboratory reporting regulations lead to substantial variations in the completeness of PLWHA estimates, and may penalize jurisdictions that are most successful at treating HIV/AIDS patients or those with weak or incomplete HIV/AIDS surveillance systems.

scholarly journals 57 Impact of weaning strategy on beef cow performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Mary Clarke Worthington ◽  
Grace C Ott ◽  
Matthew H Poore ◽  
Carrie L Pickworth
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract It has been shown that physiologic stress in beef cattle can impact animal performance. Weaning stress is recognized as a major stress in a calf’s life. However, less is known of its impacts on the dam or developing fetus, as the dam is at the end of the second trimester at weaning. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the impact of weaning stress on cow performance. A total of 240 cows from two locations were assigned to one of three weaning strategies: abrupt removal of the calf on d 0 (n = 80), d 7 cow-calf fenceline contact (n = 81), and late weaning on d 84 (n = 79). Cows averaged 16 and 24 weeks of gestation on d 0 and d 84 respectively. Weights and BCS were obtained monthly. Behavioral observations occurred over the week before and after weaning for each weaning period. Five late-wean cows per location were milked on d 14 and d 70 to estimate milk yield throughout the late wean period. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with BW and BCS utilizing repeated measures. Means are declared different at P ≤ 0.05. The ADG over the course of the study was lower (P < 0.05) for the late weaned cows compared to the abrupt weaned cows. This was also reflected by change in body condition where late weaned cows dropped from a 5.7 to a 4.9 (P < 0.05) over the 105 d. Milk production in late weaned cows decreased over time (6.0 and 4.4 kg/d for d 14 and 70, respectively; P = 0.05). Energy expenditure for lactation may have contributed to the drop in BCS of the late weaned compared with the non-lactating cows and could compromise third trimester growth of calf in utero. The results of this study warrant further exploration of the effect of weaning stress on dams and their developing fetuses.

scholarly journals Trajectories of alcohol consumption up to 30 years before and after the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases: a longitudinal case–control study of 12 502 participants

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-217237
Author(s):  
Chengyi Ding ◽  
Dara O'Neill ◽  
Annie Britton
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundTo examine the longitudinal trajectories of alcohol consumption prior to and following the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).MethodsWe conducted a case–control study of 2501 incident cases of angina, myocardial infarction or stroke and 10 001 matched controls without the condition. Repeated measures of alcohol were centred on the date of diagnosis, spanning up to 30 years before and after CVD onset. Mean trajectories of weekly consumption were estimated using growth curve models.ResultsFor trajectories prior to diagnosis, mean volume of alcohol consumed among male cases increased over time, peaking at around 8 years before diagnosis at 95 (95% CI 60 to 130) g/week and declining afterwards. Trajectories following diagnosis showed mean consumption in male cases dropped from 87 (95% CI 54 to 120) g/week to 74 (95% CI 45 to 102) g/week after the date of diagnosis and then slightly rose to 78 (95% CI 40 to 116) g/week at the subsequent 3.5 years, before gradually declining to 31 (95% CI 2 to 61) g/week at 30 years after diagnosis. Mean consumption among female cases remained stable prior to diagnosis (at about 30 g/week), fell marginally to 25 (95% CI 20 to 30) g/week after the date of diagnosis and kept decreasing afterwards. Similar trajectories were obtained in cases and controls.ConclusionsThis is the first attempt to show how patients with CVD change their drinking volume over such a wide time span. Future research needs to establish insight into drinking behaviour in other ways (such as frequency and context) and address the impact of changes in drinking on patients with CVD.

Surveillance after potentially curative breast cancer treatment: The impact of HMOs.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6079-6079
Author(s):  
Robert J. Avino ◽  
Emad S. Allam ◽  
Julie A. Margenthaler ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Katherine S. Virgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Health Maintenance Organizations ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Practice Location ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
The Impact

6079 Background: Over 230,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in the US annually. Most patients receive curative-intent treatment. Post-treatment surveillance is commonly done. We have previously documented dramatic variation in surveillance intensity among ASCO experts. The only surveillance modalities endorsed by ASCO for asymptomatic patients are office visit and mammogram. It is commonly believed that health maintenance organizations (HMOs) restrict test utilization. We sought to determine the effect of HMO penetration rate on the known variation in surveillance strategies. Methods: The 3245 ASCO members who indicated that breast cancer was a major clinical focus of their practice were surveyed regarding their surveillance practices. Members were asked to consider 4 idealized clinical vignettes and indicate their surveillance plan for each. A menu of 12 testing modalities was offered. Practice patterns were stratified by HMO penetration rate (0-14%, 14-22%, 22-33%, 33-61%) in each physician’s practice location. Repeated-measures ANOVA was employed for analysis. Results: Of the ASCO members surveyed, 1012 responded; 915 were evaluable. The modalities most frequently recommended were office visit, CBC, liver function tests (LFTs), and diagnostic mammogram. There was significant variation (p<0.05) in the recommended frequency of utilization of diagnostic mammogram, but in no other modalities. For example, in year 1, diagnostic mammogram was recommended 1.9 ± 1.8 (mean ±SD) times for the 0-14% penetration rate cohort and 1.5 ± 1.1 times for the 14-22% cohort. Conclusions: We found little evidence that HMOs restrict test utilization. The HMO penetration rate in the clinician’s practice location cannot account for the overall variation we have documented previously.

A pilot study on the impact of a pottery workshop on the well-being of people with dementia

Dementia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2056-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Pérez-Sáez ◽  
Elena M Cabrero-Montes ◽  
María Llorente-Cano ◽  
Elena González-Ingelmo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Global Deterioration Scale ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Objective This study seeks to assess the impact of a pottery workshop as a creative arts programme and discover the extent to which people with dementia taking part in an artistic and creative activity engage with it, experience a feeling of well-being, and improve their mood state. In addition, the study will seek to answer the question of whether taking part in a programme of creative activities improves the self-esteem of people with dementia. Method The research used an uncontrolled, repeated measures design. Thirty users of the National Reference Centre for Alzheimer’s and Dementia care in Salamanca (Spain) in a moderate to advanced stage of dementia (Global Deterioration Scale 4, 5, or 6) were divided into five intervention groups that received ten 45-minute sessions in which they were helped by facilitators to make different ceramic pieces. The participants were assessed before and after the intervention with a self-esteem scale, and they rated their mood before and after the sessions on a graphic scale. During the art sessions, two observers recorded the presence of multiple indicators of well-being. Results The intervention was found to have a significant impact on mood and self-esteem that was independent of the participants’ Global Deterioration Scale. Regarding the tool used to observe well-being, the participants scored highly in the domains of sustained attention, pleasure, self-esteem, and normalcy, with low scores in negative affect and sadness. Conclusions Pottery may be a highly suitable activity for people with dementia, as they may enjoy both the activity and the creative process, with it triggering a positive mood during the sessions, providing psychological well-being and reinforcing their self-esteem.

scholarly journals Puberty timing and sex-specific trajectories of systolic blood pressure: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate N O’Neill ◽  
Joshua A Bell ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Patricia M Kearney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundSex differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP) emerge during adolescence but the role of puberty is not well understood. We examined sex-specific changes in SBP preceding and following puberty and examined the impact of puberty timing on SBP trajectories in females and males.MethodsTrajectories of SBP before and after puberty and by timing of puberty in females and males in a contemporary English birth cohort study were analysed. Repeated measures of height from age 5 to 20 years were used to identify puberty timing (age at peak height velocity). SBP was measured on ten occasions from 3 to 24 years (N participants=4,062, repeated SBP measures=29,172). Analyses were preformed using linear spline multilevel models based on time before and after puberty and were adjusted for parental factors and early childhood factors including BMI gain from age one up to 9 years.ResultsMean age at peak height velocity was 11.7 years (standard deviation (SD) =0.8) for females and 13.6 years (SD=0.9) for males. In adjusted models, females and males had similar SBP at age 3. Males had faster rates of increase in SBP before puberty leading to 10.19mmHg (95% CI: 6.80, 13.57) higher mean SBP at puberty which remained similar at 24 years [mean difference; 11.43mmHg (95% CI: 7.22, 15.63)]. Puberty timing was associated with small transient differences in SBP trajectories post-puberty in both sexes and small differences at 24 years in females only.ConclusionA large proportion of the higher SBP observed in males compared to females in early adulthood is accrued before puberty. Prevention of high SBP in adult males may therefore benefit from a life course approach starting from before puberty. Interventions targeting puberty timing are unlikely to greatly influence SBP in females and males in early adulthood.

scholarly journals The effects of the personality traits and positive and negative feedback on the perceived self-efficacy

Psihologija ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Smederevac-Stokic
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Self ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the self-efficacy, feedback and personality traits. The participants were 114 psychology students attending their first and third year from the University of Novi Sad. In the first part of the research, all subjects completed The NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae, 1992.). In the second phase the subjects were asked to create a short measurement scale. Before and after this task, as well as after the given feedback, the students completed The Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Terry, 1995). The feedback was the criterion to divide subjects into three groups: the first group received the positive, the second negative, and third group received no feedback. Criteria variables in the MANCOVA (repeated measures) were the estimated success, difficulty and ability to perform the task in the three stages of measurement. Predictor variables were the type of the feedback and the personality traits, as covariates. The results suggest that before feedback, the impact of traits on the self-efficacy was significant. But after received feedback, self-efficacy was related to the type of received feedback only. These results showed that self-efficacy was significantly influenced both by personality traits and feedback context.

The Psychological Impact of Fitness Testing in Physical Education: A Pilot Experimental Study Among Australian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zali Yager ◽  
Laura Alfrey ◽  
Lisa Young
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Fitness testing is common within physical education, but there has been considerable debate about the pedagogical purpose and potential psychological implications of this practice. The aim of this study was to conduct a pilot experimental study to determine the impact of traditional fitness testing approaches on the body image, self-esteem, mood, and attitudes toward fitness testing of a sample of Australian students. Method: Fifty-one students in Grades 7–10 completed a questionnaire before and after their usual two traditional fitness testing classes at their school. Results: Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed there were no significant differences from T1 to T2 on body image, self-esteem, or mood scores. However, there were significant differences observed over time, for participants aged over 15 years, whose self-esteem, social self-esteem subscale, and attitudes toward fitness testing scores, decreased from T1 to T2. Conclusion: This study provides initial evidence that older students may experience a decline in self-esteem due to fitness testing.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HCV in prisons in Wales, UK and the impact of moving to opt-out HCV testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Stephanie E Perrett ◽  
Amy Plimmer ◽  
Ananda Giri Shankar ◽  
Noel Craine
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Background Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organisation introduced a target to reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat by 2030. Testing and treatment of those at elevated risk of infection in prison is key to achieving disease elimination. An opt-out testing policy for those in prison was introduced in Wales, UK, in 2016. Methods We analysed all Wales laboratory data where the testing site was a prison. We analysed numbers tested and positivity for a 14-month period before and after the introduction of opt-out testing policy. Results Between September 2015 and December 2017, 6949 HCV tests were from prison settings in Wales, equating to 29% of admissions to prison (P &lt; 0.001). All but one prison increased testing following the introduction of opt-out policy. Percentage positivity for HCV remained at 11% before and after opt-out policy (P = 0.572). Short-stay prisons saw higher rates of HCV positivity than long stay. Conclusion Data suggest implementation of opt-out policy improved uptake and diagnosis of HCV amongst those in prison; however, further effort is required to fully embed screening for all. Positivity remains high amongst those in prison, particularly in short-stay prisons. Laboratory data can support audit of opt-out policy.

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