Neoliberal Theory as a Source of Orientation

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. McKean
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Realm ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

This chapter substantiates the author’s interpretation of the neoliberal theory of political legitimacy through a reconstruction of the views of Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, whose works were key to popularizing neoliberalism and its attendant orientation. The task for those who want to resist neoliberalism is to provide people in such circumstances with another way of attending to their situation. Neoliberal theory divides the world up into the economic realm of freedom and the political realm of coercion, but in order to get people to see the world this way, it relies on the techniques of power that Michel Foucault dubbed “governmentality,” which escape this neat dichotomy. Neoliberalism’s tacit acknowledgment of its reliance on these forms of power, which preserve freedom of choice but nevertheless reliably guide people to particular perceptions and actions, lays the groundwork for an emancipatory reorientation that recognizes the political nature inherent to the economic realm.

Developments in the Japanese Political Economy since the mid‐1980s: The Second Attempt at Neoliberal Reform and its Aftermath

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-396
Author(s):  
Hideo Otake
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Neoliberal Reform ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
The World ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Friedrich Hayek

THE DECADE FROM THE LATE 1970s TO THE LATE 1980S, WHICH BEGAN with the birth of the Thatcher and Reagan administrations and concluded with the fall of communist regimes throughout Russia and Eastern Europe, and the concurrent rise of the Asian NIES states, was the renaissance era of laissez-faire economic liberalism or neoliberalism. ‘Privatization’, ‘deregulation’, and ‘small government’ became popular slogans globally, borrowed heavily from the policy proposals of neoliberal economists such as Milton Friedman and Friedrich Hayek. It was best manifested in the world-wide trend towards privatization, involving more than one hundred countries.

MILTON FRIEDMAN IN CHILE: SHOCK THERAPY, ECONOMIC FREEDOM, AND EXCHANGE RATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Edwards ◽  
Leonidas Montes
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
The Political ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
The World

We analyze Milton Friedman’s two visits to Chile, in March 1975 and November 1981. We rely on a number of sources, including Friedman’s archives, press archives in Chile and the rest of the world, interviews, and the papers and recollections of some of those who accompanied Friedman during his meeting with Pinochet. Although Friedman’s 1975 visit has been widely discussed, his 1981 visit has been largely neglected. However, this visit was particularly important as it preceded a severe currency and banking crisis, stemming from an overvalued fixed exchange rate. The crisis put at risk the influence of the “Chicago Boys” and the political and economic liberalization process. We analyze Friedman’s views regarding Chile’s pegged exchange rate strategy followed between 1979 and 1982, and his position on economic and political freedom.

Aristote croit-il au déterminisme environnemental ? Les Grecs, les esclaves et les barbares (Pol. VII, 7)

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Laetitia Monteils-Laeng
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Realm

Abstract The tripartite division of peoples described in chapter 7 of book VII of Aristotle’s Politics identifies natural-born Greeks as the only people capable of free and well-ordered living in the polis. Ought we to infer from this passage that the underlying asymmetry between Greeks and non-Greeks somehow corresponds to the distinction, found in book I, between those who are masters by nature and those who are slaves by nature? The aim of this paper is to show that this claim is not only not self-evident, but that it runs counter to Aristotle’s non-providential finalism, which is incompatible with the notion that nature could favor one people to the detriment of all others. In other words, the Greek people is not the rightful heir of the order of the world to the extent that their natural superiority in the political realm is quite accidental.

What Mathematical Subjects Should be Included in the College Curriculum?

1913 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
F. J. Holder
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present State ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Teaching Mathematics ◽  
College Curriculum ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Political Realm

In the forenoon of this twentieth century, when democracy is asserting itself, no less in the political realm than against the old aristocracy of learning, we who are voluntarily yoked to the common load of teaching mathematics must realize its present state of unrest. Possibly this is not more noticeable in mathematics than in many other branches of the curriculum, and it is probably a bit less conspicuous in the colleges and universities than in the secondary schools; and furthermore, this unsettled condition is by no means confined within the walls of our American institutions, but its constant throbbing is felt in the educational pulse of every progressive country in the world. There seems to be an ever-present desire for a change without first counting the cost of the move; a mere effort to have things different, with no well-defined plan of having them better.

scholarly journals Becoming-Other: Foucault, Deleuze, and the Political Nature of Thought

2014 ◽  
pp. 36-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon W. Cisney
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Alain Badiou ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
The World

In this paper I employ the notion of the ‘thought of the outside’ as developed by Michel Foucault, in order to defend the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze against the criticisms of ‘elitism,’ ‘aristocratism,’ and ‘political indifference’—famously leveled by Alain Badiou and Peter Hallward.  First, I argue that their charges of a theophanic conception of Being, which ground the broader political claims, derive from a misunderstanding of Deleuze’s notion of univocity, as well as a failure to recognize the significance of the concept of multiplicity in Deleuze’s thinking.  From here, I go on to discuss Deleuze’s articulation of the ‘dogmatic image of thought,’ which, insofar as it takes ‘recognition’ as its model, can only ever think what is already solidified and sedimented as true, in light of existing structures and institutions of power.  Then, I examine Deleuze’s reading of Foucault and the notion of the ‘thought of the outside,’ showing the ‘outside’ as the unthought that lies at the heart of thinking itself, as both its condition and its impossibility.  Insofar as it is essential to thinking itself, finally, I argue that the passage of thought to the outside is not an absolute flight out of this world, as Hallward claims, but rather, a return of the different that constitutes the Self for Deleuze.  Thinking is an ongoing movement of deterritorialization and reterritorialization, or as Foucault says, death and life.  Thinking, as Deleuze understands it, is essentially creative; it reconfigures the virtual, thereby literally changing the world.  Thinking is therefore, according to Deleuze, thoroughly political.

scholarly journals APA KABAR PEMBAHARUAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM? (Meneropong Pembaharuan Pemikiran Islam Post Cak Nur - Gus Dur)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Moch Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
New Order ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Realm

In the 1990s the world of Islamic thought was very crowded and dynamic. There are some Islamic thinkers of the country who are very interested in producing discourses on Islamic thought. Some of them were (alm) Nurcholis Madjid and  (alm) Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur). Although the political realm of the homeland at that time began to warm up, the Islamic thought movement was very dynamic. After the fall of the new Order in 1998, and the death of several Islamic thinkers, the Islamic thought movement seemed to experience congestion. Even now it is quiet from healthy Islamic thinking. All components of thought are absorbed in the ups and downs of the political stage which attracts much attention. the results of this paper show that the political stage turned out to be more attractive to the generation of Islamic intellectuals post Cak Nur - Gus Dur.

scholarly journals Jamaluddin al-Afghani dan Karir Politiknya

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Arbi Mulya Sirait
Keyword(s):  
Political Islam ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Key Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Influences ◽  
Islamic Politics ◽  
Political Realm

Abstract In its history, Islam has had a phase where it has progressed in various ways, one of which is in the political realm. This is marked by the number of areas that were successfully conquered by Islam so that its teachings also developed very rapidly. However, in history, Islam has also experienced a period of decline where there have been many divisions among internal Muslims as well as due to external influences, and some of the causes are the advancement of Western civilization so that it affects the existence of the world of Islamic politics as well. The data obtained from this paper comes from various references in the form of books, journals, and other writings. Then the data is reviewed to produce a conclusion. In this paper, we will discuss how Jamaluddin al-Afghani's efforts in arousing the spirit of unity of the Muslim community in order to escape from western influences and shadows, as well as his efforts to improve the internal conditions of Muslims, both social, political and religious. Jamaluddinal-Afghani the first reformer in Islam who brought salafiyah under the banner of Pan Islamism, with the principle that Muslims wherever he is is the Unity of Brothrhood or a unity of brotherhood that must be fostered continuously. Jamaluddin said that the only most revolutionary way to liberate the fate of Muslims from colonialism, imperialism and materialism was politics imbued with religion. Jamaluddin, as an Islamic reformer, tried hard to improve Islam from within by completely attacking superstition, khurafat and bid'ah. Key Word: Jamaluddin al-Afghani, Pan-Islamism, Political Islam

Sexual Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-176
Author(s):  
Mona Lena Krook
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
The Political ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Political Realm

Chapter 14 provides an overview of sexual forms of violence against women in politics. Sexual violence comprises a host of unwanted behaviors targeting a person’s sexuality and sexual characteristics, ranging from non-consensual physical contact to unwelcome verbal conduct of a sexual nature. Whether involving a single incident or a pattern of behavior, sexual violence violates human dignity, communicating a message of domination and disrespect. Employed to display, gain, or maintain power, sexual violence can also create a hostile work environment, interrupting and potentially undermining women’s labors and contributions. Recent interventions around the world, especially in the wake of the #MeToo movement, seek to deepen emerging understandings that sexual violence is pervasive but unacceptable in the political realm by working to raise awareness, pursue sanctions, and devise preventative measures to expose and combat sexual violence in its various forms.

Dichotomies of disaster management: a reflection on the politics of efficient decision making

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-676
Author(s):  
David Oliver Kasdan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking ◽  
Reflective Essay ◽  
Political Realm ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the variety of dichotomies related to disaster management with an objective to gain a better understanding of how and when dichotomous thinking can improve disaster management, especially in the discourse of disaster management politics. Design/methodology/approach This is a reflective essay that surveys dichotomies from multiple disciplines in respect to their potential contributions to disaster management. Findings Thinking about disaster management as a collection or series of dichotomies may help to better understand the sources, vulnerabilities, approaches, modes, methods and modes for related decision-making scenarios, particularly in the political realm. Research limitations/implications The world is not so simply divided at every turn and dichotomous thinking may harbor biases, mask ignorance and/or offend postmodern notions of alterity. Practical implications Portraying disaster management through dichotomies is an efficient way for experts to convey information and structure decisions for political agendas. Originality/value This study presents a unique perspective of disaster management and how it may shape the thinking and decision making of disaster management politics.

Globalization, International Finance, and Political Islam in the Arab World

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed El-Said ◽  
Jane Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
The Political ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

This article looks at one important aspect of globalization in the Arab World, namely the provision of international finance by the US, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank in support of economic liberalization programs. This flow of international finance has been partly determined by geopolitical factors and in some countries has resulted in a decline in state provision of social welfare, increased poverty, and increased inequality. Not only has this form of globalization been increasingly challenged by Islamist groups, but many such groups have moved in to provide social capital and fill the welfare gap created by the gradual withdrawal of the state from socio-economic affairs. Globalization has thus strengthened the hand of political Islam and undermined the political legitimacy of incumbent regimes.

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