Dying

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Gary C. Howard
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Near Death Experiences ◽  
Physiological Systems

What actually happens when someone dies? Are there signs that death is approaching? Physicians sometimes notice what is called a terminal drop in basic physiological systems that seems to presage death, but those signs do not occur in every case. In the “twilight of death,” not every cell in the body dies at the same rate. However, once death occurs, the signs are more clear and involve a loss of respiration and heartbeat, rigor mortis, and the pooling of blood, among other things. Some people report near-death experiences, and one might wonder if those provide a glimpse of the afterlife. Yet most of the features of near-death experiences can be explained physiologically. Consciousness and its relationship to the physical brain remain to be understood.

Mortal Body, Immortal Mind

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Hans Goller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Near Death Experiences ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Alternative Theories

Neuroscientists keep telling us that the brain produces consciousness and consciousness does not survive brain death because it ceases when brain activity ceases. Research findings on near-death-experiences during cardiac arrest contradict this widely held conviction. They raise perplexing questions with regard to our current understanding of the relationship between consciousness and brain functions. Reports on veridical perceptions during out-of-body experiences suggest that consciousness may be experienced independently of a functioning brain and that self-consciousness may continue even after the termination of brain activity. Data on studies of near-death-experiences could be an incentive to develop alternative theories of the body-mind relation as seen in contemporary neuroscience.

scholarly journals Hygienic Assessment of the Influence of Oxygen-Enriched Drinking Water on the Functional State of the Main Systems of the Human Body

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
LV Kirichenko ◽  
AI Mikov ◽  
TA Sannikova ◽  
DYu Sosnin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Physiological Systems

Introduction. Drinking water is a necessary element of life support of the population. Many studies conducted around the world have established a relationship between the quality of drinking water and public health. On the basis of the Perm State Medical University studies were conducted to assess the effects of oxygen-enriched drinking water on human respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems as well as serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels. The objects of study were 32 volunteers (7 men and 25 women) aged 18 to 28. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of oxygen-enriched drinking water on the basic physiological systems of the human body and serum EPO levels of healthy volunteers. Methods. We applied the following research methods: physiological methods were used thrice (on the first, tenth and twenty-first days) to test the cardiovascular (heart rate, SBP, DBP, Kerdo index, Harvard step test), respiratory (BH, JELL, JEL, Stange and Gencha tests) and nervous (Anfimov test, SAN test, ShAS test) systems; laboratory tests of serum EPO levels in venous blood of the volunteers; and statistical methods (statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and STATISTICA V. 7 software package (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. The use of oxygenated water helps increase functional and reserve capabilities of the basic physiological systems of the body and improve tissue oxygenation.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ARSENIC POISONING AND ITS POST-MORTEM FINDINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Kirti Sharma ◽  
S. R. Inchulkar ◽  
Yuvraj Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Arsenic Poisoning ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Rain Drop ◽  
Post Mortem Findings

Arsenic is a grey substance, which is insoluble in water and therefore cannot be absorbed from the alimentary canal. Arsenic is absorbed through all routes mainly by skin, inhalation and GIT mucosa. Arsenic causes toxicity by combining with sulphydryl enzymes and thus interfering with cell metabolism. Locally it causes irritation of the mucous membranes and remotely depression of the nervous system. Arsenic poisoning can be homicidal, suicidal, accidental, occupational, environmental, iatrogenic or un-iatrogenic. The character of post-mortem appearances depends very largely upon the quantity taken and period which has elapsed before death. Externally the body presents dehydrated, cyanosed, sunken eyeballs jaundiced in post-mortem findings. Rigor mortis lasts longer than usual. Internally red velvet stomach, petechial hemorrhages under the endocardium of the left ventricle, patchy fatty degenerative changes with jaundice in liver, rain drop skin pigmentation and mee’s line in nails findings seen in post-mortem.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE EXTERNAL RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND OXYGEN-TRANSPORTATION FUNCTIONS OF ATHLETES’S BLOOD IN THE NORTH CONDITIONS. LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Alexey Sergeevich Stepanov ◽  
◽  
Andrei Petrovich Koinosov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Oscillatory Processes ◽  
Physiological Systems

The regions of the Far North and regions equated to them diff er from central Russia in the severity of their climate. With long-term residence in the North, there is a regular alternation of stress processes necessary to adapt to new seasonal conditions. This review article highlights the view of various researchers on the problem of adaptation of some physiological systems of athletes to the conditions of the North. Physiological changes under the infl uence of natural and climatic factors in the most important systems responsible for providing the body with oxygen are briefl y highlighted. The state of the oxygen transport and respiratory systems is one of the most important values that determine the functional state of the body of athletes, which, in turn, determines the eff ectiveness of their sports activity. The main parameters of the working rhythms of physiological systems are also determined by the regularities of sports training in accordance with the calendar plan. It can be assumed that in the regions of the North, the athlete’s body synchronizes various oscillatory processes: seasonal biorhythms and working rhythms of physiological systems. In this case, the architectonics of biorhythms is determined by the mechanisms of phase synchronization of the functional readiness of the eff ector systems with the rhythms of the functional request [15]. Determination of the patterns of interaction of these oscillatory processes is an urgent task of modern science in the fi eld of sports physiology.

„Die letzte Visite“: Leichenschau im Notarztdienst

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (05) ◽  
pp. 327-335
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ondruschka ◽  
Claas Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Unconscious Patients ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Emergency Doctors

AbstractThe declaration and investigation of death cases is a non-delegable task of medical doctors and should be mastered in the same quality as all examinations on living patients. A person is death when at least one sign of death is established (livores mortis, rigor mortis, putrefaction, injuries incompatible with life, brain death). In all other cases of unconscious patients a sufficient cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be started.If the person is declared death, an external post mortem examination has to be realized as soon as possible. Emergency doctors should be informed about the regional juridical features. The investigation of the death scene scenario, potentially known pre-existing disorders of the patients as well as medical records should be added to the findings of the body surface to conclude the most plausible cause and manner of death of the corpse. Doctors must be alarmed, when petechial bleedings are established at the face or the conjunctives, raising the suspicion of strangling forces to the neck.Internal causes of death are often invisible from the body surface, resulting in difficulties to declare the cause of death of the individual by external’s only. Injuries are most often visible and could be a hint of a crime scene scenario or external harm.

Physiological Systems Modeling, Simulation, and Control

2013 ◽  
pp. 745-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina S. Nikita ◽  
Konstantinos P. Michmizos
Keyword(s):  
Research Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systems Modeling ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Tree Of Knowledge ◽  
Simulation And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physiological Systems

Physiological systems modeling, simulation, and control is a research area integrating science and engineering and contributes to a continuous refinement of knowledge on how the body works. The roots of modeling a body area date back thousands of years, yet it was not until the 1950s that the tree of knowledge started to be fed with data-driven hypotheses and interventions. This chapter tries to organize disparate information of the most important modeling, simulation, and control perspectives into a coherent set of views currently applied to modern biological and medical research. It is addressed to researchers on human system physiological modeling, working both in academia and in industry to address current and future research goals.

The Advent of Parapsychology and the Figuration of “Out-of-the-Body Experiences” (1880–1930)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Schlieter
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
William James ◽  
Life Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Experience ◽  
Filter Theory ◽  
Body Experiences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Near Death Experiences ◽  
The Brain

This chapter outlines how the term “out-of-the-body experience” emerged in spiritualist and parapsychological literature. As is shown, “psychical researchers” such as Frederic W. Myers and William James made a significant contribution. The chapter also deals with the “filter” theory or “transmission” theory, i.e., the idea of the brain as a means for the inhibition of consciousness. This theory, as is shown, has been developed in close interaction with phenomena “near death”—in particular, the “panoramic life review.” The filter theory, discussed in subsequent chapters 2.6. and 2.7, too, is still favored by many recent protagonists of near-death experiences (e.g., Moody). Finally, the chapter turns to the increase of autoscopic out-of-body experiences, discussed as a phenomenon attesting a changing relationship of the disembodied consciousness toward its own body.

Exploring Near-Death Experiences across Cultures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Shushan
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
Extraordinary Experiences ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Death Experiences

Near-death experiences (NDEs) share many common elements worldwide, indicating that they originate in phenomena that are independent of culture. They also have many elements unique to the individual experiencers and their cultures, demonstrating a symbiotic relationship between experience and belief. There are numerous examples worldwide of religious beliefs originating in NDEs and other extraordinary experiences. This is in contradiction to widely accepted notions that all experiences and beliefs are generated entirely by culture or language. Such paradigms not only fail to explain the origins of religious beliefs or the nature of related experiences but also fail to take seriously the testimonies of their sources. Near-death experiences provide perfectly rational grounds for beliefs that the soul can leave the body, and that it can survive death and join spirits of the dead in another world. As such, the phenomenon helps to demonstrate the cross-cultural process of reasoning based on evidence.

scholarly journals Pathological Findings in Accidental Electrocution in a Horse (Case Report)

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Adrian Florin Gal ◽  
Viorel Miclaus ◽  
Flaviu Tabaran ◽  
Marian Taulescu ◽  
Andras Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Gluteal Muscle ◽  
Unnatural Death ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Haemorrhagic Diathesis ◽  
Blood Coagulability ◽  
Department Faculty

Recently, the veterinarians are dealing with a number of cases that require forensic expertise. Such a circumstance could be the accidental electrocution in animals, one of the causes of unnatural death. There is a scarcity with reference to the pathological findings in veterinary forensic medicine. In this paper, we present the main lesions that occurred in a horse with accidental electrocution that was presented for complete necropsy survey. A horse corpse was sent to the Pathology Department (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) for a full medical survey. Preliminary results and external examination: the body was in rigor mortis; from the nasal cavities drained out reddish foam and in the mouth was observed the presence of ingested feed (straw) that was not chewed, suggesting a quick death. The findings detected after internal examination of the carcass were poor blood coagulability, haemorrhagic diathesis throughout the body, with haemorrhages of various sizes in different body regions (e.g., muscles of the withers, in the gluteal muscle, the mucosa of epiglottis, larynx, trachea, in the interstitium of the lung, and ecchymosis in the left kidney). Some other lesions detected were infarcts and haemorrhages in the fundic region of the stomach’s mucosa. In electrocution, haemorrhages are most often located in the respiratory tract, aspect observed in our case too. However, the diagnosis of electrocution has to corroborate the necropsy findings (which are not specific), with some other data such as the fulminant death and inspection of power source.

scholarly journals G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in GtoPdb v.2021.3

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Filardo ◽  
Richard Neubig ◽  
Eric R. Prossnitz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selective Agonist ◽  
Intracellular Expression ◽  
Nuclear Estrogen Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Physiological Systems

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor [25]) was identified following observations of estrogen-evoked cyclic AMP signalling in breast cancer cells [2], which mirrored the differential expression of an orphan 7-transmembrane receptor GPR30 [6]. There are observations of both cell-surface and intracellular expression of the GPER receptor [28, 33]. Selective agonist/ antagonists for GPER have been characterized [25]. Antagonists of the nuclear estrogen receptor, such as fulvestrant [11], tamoxifen [28, 33] and raloxifene [24], as well as the flavonoid 'phytoestrogens' genistein and quercetin [17], are agonists of GPER. A complete review of GPER pharmacology has been published [25]. The roles of GPER in physiological systems throughout the body (cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, immune, reproductive) and in cancer have also been reviewed [25, 26, 19, 16, 9]. The GPER-selective agonist G-1 is currently in Phase I/II clinical trials for cancer (NCT04130516).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document