Fragmented Models of Belief

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-134
Author(s):  
Andy Egan
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Unified Model ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Rational Evaluation

This chapter motivates a fragmentationist research program by identifying a cluster of problems that such a research program is better positioned to address or resolve than a unified model—all instances of the phenomenon of subjects having information that’s available to them for some behavior-guiding purposes but that isn’t available for every purpose. It also identifies some of the challenges and research questions that the fragmentationist program will need to address and where the space of possible answers is not yet well charted. One cluster of such problems is about how to construct fragmented models of belief, and another cluster is about normative questions that arise concerning the rational evaluation of fragmented beliefs and believers.

Modeling the Intellect from a Coordination Perspective

2011 ◽  
pp. 413-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Taxén
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Central Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Point Of Departure

Usually, models of the intellect take the individual mind and body as the point of departure and proceed outward towards the social and natural environment in which the individual is immersed. As a consequence, important social dimensions contributing to the epigenetic development of the individual are less articulated. This chapter suggests modeling the intellect from a more balanced perspective that recognizes both social and individual aspects–the coordination of actions. The author argues that coordination is made possible by certain innate dispositions called activity modalities: contextualization, spatialization, temporalization, stabilization, and transition. Consequently, a central task for modeling the intellect is to understand how perceptions received through sensory modalities are related to the activity modalities. To this end, the author proposes a research program for modeling the intellect, based on the concept of “activity” in the Russian Activity Theory and the activity modalities. Provisional arguments for the relevance of these modalities are discussed in three different realms associated with the intellect: the social, conceptual, and neural ones. The chapter is concluded with some preliminary research questions, pertinent for the research program.

scholarly journals Seeds of collapse? Reconstructing the ancient agricultural economy at Shivta in the Negev

Antiquity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (353) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuks ◽  
Ehud Weiss ◽  
Yotam Tepper ◽  
Guy Bar-Oz
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Economy Change ◽  
Original Approach

Lessons from history on sustainability, collapse and resilience are the ultimate goal of the Byzantine Bio-Archaeology Research Program of the Negev (BYBAN) (Tepperet al.2015). Addressing the unprecedented flourishing and collapse of the Byzantine Negev agricultural settlements (fourth–seventh centuries AD), the BYBAN project offers a unique and original approach. It focuses on ancient middens and domestic contexts, which provide an exceptional focus on the materiality of daily life. Archaeobotanical research is central to this project because the copious plant remains retrieved are a reflection of the region's agricultural economy and its environmental sustainability. This approach will enable us to answer important research questions about the Byzantine–Islamic transition in the Negev: what were the major cash and subsistence crops? Which were grown locally, and which, if any, were imported? How, if at all, did the agricultural economy change during the Byzantine–Islamic transition? Were there any major changes in climatic conditions, and, if so, can they be implicated as a cause for agricultural collapse?

scholarly journals Yours, Mine and Ours: Theorizing the Global Articulation of Qualitative Research Methods and Academic Disciplines

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
Research Questions

<p>Two current forms of globalization are inherently interesting to academic qualitative researchers. The first is <em>the globalization of qualitative research methods </em>themselves. The second is <em>the globalization of academic disciplines </em>in which those methods are institutionalized as a valuable resource for professional practices of teaching and scholarly research. This essay argues that patterns in existing discussion of these two trends create an opportunity for innovative scholarship. That opportunity involves reflexively leveraging qualitative research methods to study the simultaneous negotiation by academic communities of <em>both </em>qualitative methods <em>and </em>their professional discipline. Five theories that serve to develop this opportunity are reviewed, focusing on their related benefits and limitations, and the specific research questions they yield. The essay concludes by synthesizing distinctive commitments of this proposed research program.</p>

The iSquare protocol: combining research, art, and pedagogy through the draw-and-write technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Hartel ◽  
Rebecca Noone ◽  
Christie Oh ◽  
Stephanie Power ◽  
Pavel Danzanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Visual Perspective ◽  
Research Instrument ◽  
Visual Dimension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This article introduces the iSquare protocol, a novel application of the draw-and-write technique. The protocol was developed in the field of information science to explore the visual dimension of information and as an alternative and complement to written definitions of information that dominate the literature. In addition to generating a new visual perspective on information, the approach has proven fruitful for artistic and pedagogical purposes. Here, the protocol is presented in detail for scholars within information science and those beyond who may adapt it to their own research questions. The article begins with an overview of the draw-and-write technique, followed by a history of its use in the iSquare Research Program. Then, the distinguishing features of the iSquare protocol, its artistic potentials and teaching applications are outlined. Links are provided to an instructional script and research instrument template, enabling turnkey implementation of the method.

Marine Invertebrate Larvae: Model Life Histories for Development, Ecology, and Evolution

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

We provide a conceptual framework for studies of the developmental and evolutionary ecology of marine invertebrate larvae and illustrate how contributions to this volume demonstrate both past achievements and the future fecundity of this research program. Our conceptual framework is anchored in the idea of model life histories, which is a category of investigation similar to but distinct from model organisms or model clades. Marine invertebrate larvae constitute a coherent, structured research program as model life histories that represent developmental, ecological, and evolutionary processes in different ways. They facilitate interdisciplinary investigation that integrates different approaches to diverse research questions about developmental mechanisms, evolutionary history, and adaptation, as well as providing a window on alterations of the marine environment due to anthropogenic climate change. Success in studies of model life histories provides a strong case for sustained professional, institutional, and financial support to carry these endeavors forward.

How to Cure Narrativism with Rational Evaluation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Zeleňák
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Research ◽  
Epistemic Criteria ◽  
Rational Evaluation

Over the past years, narrativism has ceased to be the dominant research program in the philosophy of history and several authors have started to develop new research agendas. In his recent book, Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen presents an original postnarrativist philosophy of history as an attempt to surpass narrativism. Although he adopts what he calls the narrativist insight, he tries to avoid the problems of narrativism by focusing on epistemic questions. He is convinced that the historical enterprise is rational and also that historical works contain informal arguments which should be evaluated by rational standards. His postnarrativism is an ambitious project deserving close attention. Nevertheless, I try to show that his innovative approach shares some common features with a fairly conventional understanding of history. In conclusion I argue that it would be preferable to rethink some of the epistemic criteria he relies on rather than to embrace those which were used within the more conventional accounts.

scholarly journals Gondolkodásegyszerűsítő stratégiák hatékonysága (Simplifying decision strategies and their effectiveness)

2011 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Bálint Esse
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Decision Heuristics ◽  
Decision Strategies ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Rationality Theory

A szerző a megelégedésre törekvő döntéshozatalt és eszközeinek, az egyszerűsítő döntési stratégiáknak a hatékonysági kérdéseit tárgyalja. Az egyszerűsítő stratégiáknak és az alkalmazásukat támogató attitűdnek nemcsak az időt, hanem az információkeresés és - feldolgozás egyéb költségvonzatait is tekintetbe véve számos előnyük van. A szerző a szakirodalom rendszerezésével rávilágít az egyéni szintű leegyszerűsítések természetére és pozitív hatásaikra. A bevezetést és a meghatározásokat követően az egyszerűsítő stratégiák hatékonysági kérdéseit tárgyalja a környezeti tényezők függvényében, majd a döntéshozó személyiségét és pszichológiai jóllétét érintő összefüggésekről ír. A tanulmány végén folyamatban lévő empirikus kutatásának kérdéseire tér rá, mely kutatás az üzleti gyakorlat empirikus vizsgálatával kíván hozzájárulni az eddig főként laboratóriumi kísérletek eredményeire épülő tudáshoz. ___________ Placing itself in the domain of bounded rationality theory, the article deals with the advantages of satisficing and of using decision heuristics. As to the approach to decision heuristics, the author stands on the positive side, not focusing on biases, but showing interest in the effectiveness potential in heuristics. As a review of recent literature, the article deals with different advantages of satisficing and of using simplifying strategies, be it cognitive advantages, the effectiveness, or advantages concerning the psychological well-being of the decision maker. Actual research questions of the „adaptive toolbox” approach, and the problem of determination by personality traits are presented based on the review of recent research results. Further research directions are indicated after the review. By presenting his research questions the author shows how he is willing to enrich the results of this research program by his own empirical work.

Critical Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
pp. 870-878
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Wilby
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Literature Searching ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Questions

This chapter discusses the process of systematic review and the critique of the design of such processes and their research questions and contexts, whether in the natural or social science arenas. This work is part of an on-going research program to develop a process of critical systematic review applicable for addressing issues arising in complex systems, such as those found in health and health-related disciplines. The methodology proposed in this chapter for critical systematic review extends the remit of systematic review, moving beyond extensive literature searching, the application of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to the retrieved literature, quality assessment, evaluation, synthesis, and review of the data, to a process that is self- and process-critical and reflective, and iterative in that critique.

Research Issues in Training Device Design

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Hays ◽  
Michael J. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Instructional Systems ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Army Research Institute ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Training Community ◽  
Design Guidance

The Army Research Institute (ARI) has an ongoing research program to systematically accumulate the data necessary to provide design guidance for the development of training simulators. As part of this research program, an extensive literature review was conducted. On the basis of this literature review, a series of research questions, which require empirical investigation was accumulated. This presentation is designed to bring these research issues to the largest possible audience. The goal of this paper is to sensitize researchers to the types of questions that have the highest payoff for the Army and the training community. The research questions are organized around a model of the Instructional Systems Development (ISD) process. Each ISD section is further subdivided into specific subareas where empirical research is needed.

Tinkering with cognitive gadgets: Cultural evolutionary psychology meets active inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benjamin Badcock ◽  
Axel Constant ◽  
Maxwell James Désormeau Ramstead
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Cognitive Faculties ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive Gadgets offers a new, convincing perspective on the origins of our distinctive cognitive faculties, coupled with a clear, innovative research program. Although we broadly endorse Heyes’ ideas, we raise some concerns about her characterisation of evolutionary psychology and the relationship between biology and culture, before discussing the potential fruits of examining cognitive gadgets through the lens of active inference.

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