Turkisms in South Slavonic Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Lydia Graham
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Grammatical Function ◽  
Verbal Aspect ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Local Languages

Turkisms in South Slavonic Literature is a comparative analysis of Turkish loanwords in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bosnian and Bulgarian Franciscan sources. After providing historical background on the Order of the Bosnian Franciscans (Bosna Srebrena), Bulgarian Catholic communities, Turkish presence in Bosnia and in Bulgaria, as well as short biographies of each of the writers whose works are analysed, orthography, phonology, and how the local languages were defined in the period under study are discussed. Considerable focus is then given to complications related to establishing earliest attestations for turkisms in Bosnian and Bulgarian. Subsequently, four chapters are devoted to analysing turkisms as grouped by grammatical function: nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, and conjunctions. Particular attention is given to morphophonological changes, verbal aspect, Turkish voice suffixes, and number agreement. Lastly, the context in which turkisms occur, the motivation behind these borrowings, and semantics are addressed.

Some Reflections on the Town and Country in Mughal India

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Sea Ports ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Town ◽  
French Physician ◽  
Local Languages

There can be few aspects of Indian studies more neglected than that of historical geography. Within this larger area of neglect, urban history occupies a special place. The indifference with which Indian historians have approached the urban heritage of the subcontinent is all the more difficult to understand because to contemporary European visitors, the merchants and other travellers, the towns and cities of Mughal India held a profound fascination. From the time of Tomé Pires and his highly perceptive Suma Oriental down to the end of the eighteenth century, stories of Indian travels and the accompanying descriptions of Mughal urban life continually entertained the popular literary audience. Not all of them understood or reported accurately what they saw. As the Scottish sea captain and country trader, Alexander Hamilton, who had an unrivalled knowledge of the sea ports and the coastal towns of India, pointed out with some candour, one great misfortune which attended the western travellers in India was their ignorance of the local languages. But the manifest contrast between the physical appearance of the European cities and those of Asia provoked some considerable and sensitive analysis of the nature of the urban processes in the two continents. Perhaps the most able and penetrating comments on the Mughal political, economic, and civic order came from the pen of the Dutch merchant, Francisco Pelsaert, and the French physician, François Bernier.

The Origins of Western Dermatology

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 255-266
Author(s):  
J. Barrie Ross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Defining Moments ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth

Objective: On the premise that historical background makes the present more understandable, this review covers the origins of Western dermatology from its Greek and Roman origins through the Middle Ages to the defining moments in the late eighteenth century. Background and Conclusion: The development of major European centers at this time became the background for future centers in the eastern United States in the midnineteenth century and, finally, to the West Coast of the United States and Canada by the midtwentieth century.

Resistance Predictions for Asymmetrical Configurations of High-Speed Catamaran Hull Forms

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Asapana ◽  
Prasanta K. Sahoo ◽  
Vaibhav Aribenchi
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Resistance Analysis ◽  
Separation Ratio ◽  
Hull Forms

This paper attempts to undertake a comparative analysis of resistance characteristics between newly developed asymmetrical catamaran hull forms which were derived from existing conventional NPL series of round bilge catamaran hull forms by Molland, Wellicome and Couser (1994). A set of asymmetrical catamaran hull forms with waterline length of 1.6 m with a separation ratio (s/L) of 0.4 were generated by using standard modelling software. The resistance analysis had been carried out by using STAR CCM+, a computational fluid dynamics package for Froude numbers of 0.25, 0.30, 0.60, 0.80 and 1.0. Literature survey indicates that there is scant historical background in public domain to perform resistance analysis on asymmetrical catamaran hull forms. As this is not feasible due to lack of data in areas that were considered crucial, separate resistance analysis is carried out for each hull configuration. Finally, the compared resistance results will attempt to conclude whether asymmetrical catamaran hull forms are more efficient than the conventional catamaran hull forms.

The Culture of Credit in Eighteenth-Century Commerce: The English Textile Industry

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Smail
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Wool Textile ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Different Cultures

In this article, I seek to expand the relatively narrow focus of most work on commercial credit in eighteenth-century England by incorporating culture into an economic analysis. I argue that the various credit regimes that operated in the regional branches of the English wool textile industry are best understood as having a cultural dimension. A comparative analysis of business strategies in these regions suggests that the different cultures of credit had important implications for the development of the textile industry during the eighteenth century, shaping the character of the entrepreneurship of each region's merchants and producers.

scholarly journals The Making of the “Malay Pirate” in Early Modern European Thought

Humanities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Stefan Eklöf Amirell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The People ◽  
European Thought

This article traces the long historical background of the nineteenth-century European notion of the Malay as a human “race” with an inherent addiction to piracy. For most of the early modern period, European observers of the Malay Archipelago associated the Malays with the people and diaspora of the Sultanate of Melaka, who were seen as commercially and culturally accomplished. This image changed in the course of the eighteenth century. First, the European understanding of the Malay was expanded to encompass most of the indigenous population of maritime Southeast Asia. Second, more negative assessments gained influence after the mid-eighteenth century, and the Malays were increasingly associated with piracy, treachery, and rapaciousness. In part, the change was due to the rise in maritime raiding on the part of certain indigenous seafaring peoples of Southeast Asia combined with increasing European commercial interests in Southeast Asia, but it was also part of a generally more negative view in Europe of non-settled and non-agricultural populations. This development preceded the notion of the Malays as one of humanity’s principle races, which emerged toward the end of the eighteenth century. The idea that Malays were natural pirates also paved the way for several brutal colonial anti-piracy campaigns in the Malay Archipelago during the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Deodorizing China: Odour, ordure, and colonial (dis)order in Shanghai, 1840s–1940s

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1092-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUELEI HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Historical Process

AbstractSmell is deeply meaningful to human beings. Often considered elusive, ephemeral, and volatile, it has long been excluded from scholarly accounts on culture and history. This article explores this ‘lower’ sense and the roles it played in the historical process of modernization in China. Through a close look at the efforts made by the Western colonial administration to deodorize Shanghai as well as diverse Chinese reactions, this article argues that smell constituted a hidden site where the dynamics of power relations were played out. Smell also opened up a window to showcase modernity's power and ambivalence. The first part of this article looks at how China smelled to the Western nose, against the historical background of the rising consciousness of smell, sanitation, and civility in Europe which began in the eighteenth century. The second part examines the ways in which the British administration applied the olfactory norms of the modern West to the end of taming Chinese stench. The final part provides a case study of ordure treatment in order to show how ambivalence arose in this modern smellscape and why.

Empire and Nation in Comparative Perspective: Frontier Administration in Eighteenth-Century China

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Perdue
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Human Perceptions ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Administrative Structures

AbstractR. Bin Wong espouses the principle of symmetry in comparative analysis.35 If we are to view China through European eyes, we should equally view Europe through Chinese eyes. This leads him to develop new perspectives on both regions. What is a major focus of attention in one society may only be a minor key in another. Even though the repertory of human perceptions, administrative structures, or economic modes of production is finite, different forms take prominence in different places. What happens if we apply, even crudely, the principle of symmetry to the Qing-Ottoman comparison? An Ottoman administrator looking at the Qing would find much that was strangely familiar. The Mongolian jasak confirmed lands by the Qing look very much like yurts, "summer and winter pasturelands the limits of which were determined and were entered in the imperial registers. "36 The "feudatories" of the early Qing [sanfan] were large-scale timars. Both were grants of large territories to provincial military rulers in return for service to the state. And coerced population movements [sürgün] were prominent features of the Ottoman and Qing states.37 Both of these states, during times of expansion and conquest, chose analogous methods of controlling the newly incorporated populations. For administering conquered nomads, it was convenient to

scholarly journals ANÁLISIS MEDIANTE GEOMÁTICA DE TRES RETABLOS BARROCOS EN EL SURESTE ESPAÑOL: LA SINGULARIDAD DE UN PATRIMONIO RELIGIOSO DE INTERÉS TURÍSTICO

2021 ◽  
pp. 429-455
Author(s):  
Concepción Peña Velasco ◽  
Josefina García León ◽  
María de los Ángeles Riquelme Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Tourist Resource ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías

La documentación gráfica aportada por las nuevas tecnologías posee un enorme potencial para la investigación, docencia y difusión, que, en este caso, se ha aplicado a tres retablos del siglo XVIII, con categoría de BIC. Se ha realizado una modelización con Fotogrametría y Láser escáner. Los resultados, interpretados y debatidos por profesionales diversos, proporcionan información útil para el estudio del bien y permiten afrontar actuaciones de conservación y sensibilización patrimonial y plantear acciones destinadas a personas con discapacidad. Se hace un análisis comparativo y se reflexiona sobre la divulgación óptima como recurso turístico a partir de la documentación y análisis efectuados. Graphic documentation provided by new technologies has enormous potential for research, teaching and dissemination. In this study, the technique is applied to three eighteenth-century altarpieces, officially recognized as Cultural Heritage Assets. A modelling was performed using photogrammetry and laser scanning. The results, interpreted and discussed by a range of professionals, provide useful information for studying the altar pieces and a basis for planning conservation, raising awareness and proposing actions aimed at groups with disabilities. The study includes a comparative analysis and considers ways of optimizing use as a tourist resource based on this type of documentation and analysis.

scholarly journals Lexical Aspect Classification for Unrelated Languages:

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Tina Čok
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Verbal Aspect ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
Linguistic Research

The present paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the verbal aspect in general and with special emphasis on the comparison of Chinese and Slovenian lexical aspect. Recognised discrepancies between the conceptualisation and verbalisation of actions in unrelated languages indicate that deeper cognitive differences affect our perception of reality, which is something that should be more widely recognized when learning and teaching foreign languages. The contribution of this article is a comparative analysis of available studies by authoritative linguists, based on which we have formulated a new and more comprehensive proposal that will help classify verb types in unrelated languages, and can be further exploited in the field of applied linguistic research.

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