Networks, Status, and Inequality

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
John Levi Martin ◽  
James P. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Network Data ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
The Status

The notion that there is a single class of objects, “networks,” has been a great inspiration to new forms of structural thinking. Networks are considered to be a set of largely voluntary ties that often span organizational boundaries. Despite being divorced from formal hierarchies, they make possible other forms of differentiation, such as status. It is common for network data to be used to produce measures of the status of the nodes (individuals, organizations, cultural products, etc.) and the distribution of these statuses to describe a backdrop of inequality that may condition action or other processes. However, it is also important that network researchers understand the backdrop of various forms of potential inequality that may condition the collection of network data.

Race and Supremacy Contaminated Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Bala J. Baptiste
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Black World

Racism was the dominant concept encapsulating black experiences with white supremacy in the United States. Whites considered people of European descent as being superior. Caucasians in media produced content presenting white cultural products as the norm. The bombardment of the constructed images convinced the public, including blacks, that Eurocentricity represented the standard of cultural productions. Similarly, ideological hegemony explained why blacks in media were initially presented as negative stereotypes. The theory suggested that whites intended to maintain the status quo. Non-whites needed to not be taken seriously. Whites in decision-making positions in mass media also marginalized or silenced voices of opposition. They regulated people of color to reside outside of mainstream thought. Marginalization suggested that only the ideals of the elite were worthy. W. E. B. Du Bois found the existence of a double consciousness in which African Americans navigated between a black world and a white world. Blacks mostly saw themselves through Caucasian lens and therefore accepted and internalized westernized culture.

scholarly journals The dialogue of cultures: theoretical and practical features of cultural production

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Oliinyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Cultural Consumption ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cultural Dialogue ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Given

In this article the cultural product is understood in two contexts. According to the first one it is perceived as a result of cultural production, which depends on the characteristics of cultural work and communication between the producer and the audience, ie the peculiarities of the consumption of cultural products. According to the second approach it is a tool for cultural dialogue and cultural diplomacy. Thus, the logic of presenting the theses is intended to analyze three main aspects: cultural work (its specific features, the level of understanding and perception), cultural consumption (dialogue of the artist with the audience, ethics of art production), features of the ecosystem of cultural production of Ukraine. The necessity to legitimize the cultural economics (an inherent component of cultural space) as a subject of research focuses on three main tasks: first, to create an appropriate ecosystem for cultural development (from training to clear financial terms, the status of cultural production in society and economy); secondly, to reproduce the laws of social relations in cultural production (from working conditions and the status of artists to dialogue with the audience or the consumption of cultural products) and thirdly, to implement the strategies for the development of culture and cultural industries. This justifies the relevance of the given topic for research, aimed to analyze the importance of the economic component of cultural production for the concept of cultural dialogue.

scholarly journals Cultural objects in Ingarden’s realism. In honour of the 50th anniversary of Ingarden’s death

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Limido
Keyword(s):  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
Ontological Analysis ◽  
The One

The purpose of this article is to examine the type(s) of realism that Ingarden builds by analysing the place of man in nature and the production of intentional and cultural objects. The possibility of creating cultural worlds raises the problem of the conditions of possibility of an interaction between the intentional order of cultural products and the real order of connections of natural things. Ingarden's positions are rather ambiguous, so I will try to study in what sense we can speak of realism, naturalism or idealism. And since the ontological analysis that Ingarden follows excludes the possibility of an intertwining between the different domains of being, I will hypothesize an idea of emergence in order to think an articulation between the cultural worlds of man and the factual world of nature. This approach will be guided by the status of intentional and cultural objects and that of aesthetic qualities and values which involve the notion of Gestalt. The challenge is to understand how new things, values and qualities can fit into the order of the real world. On the one hand, this allows to unveil the complexity and innovation of Ingarden's analyses on the interactions between natural and ecological systems. And on the other hand, to realize the great unity of his philosophy because the different themes, ontology and aesthetics, axiology and epistemology continuously interplay together.

Knowledge Sharing Across Organizational Boundaries with Application to Distributed Engineering Processes

2011 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Gerd Frick ◽  
Eric Sax ◽  
Klaus D. Muller-Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Real World ◽  
Solution Concept ◽  
Application Domain ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
The Status ◽  
Virtual Project ◽  
Future Work

Collaborative engineering processes with more than one company involved raise the need for knowledge sharing across organizational boundaries. The problem is analyzed in general, but on the background of this real-world application domain encountered, e.g., in automotive industry. A solution concept called virtual project database is presented; deficits in the status quo of information technology are hinted at as well as directions of future work for implementing the solution concept.

scholarly journals The Foundations of Naval Science: Alfred Thayer Mahan's The Influence of Sea Power on History and the Library of Congress Classification System

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Ellen E. Adams ◽  
Joshua F. Beatty
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

This article is a history of the creation of the Naval Science class within the Library of Congress Classification System (LCCS) during that system’s fashioning and development at the turn of the twentieth century. Previous work on the history of classification and especially of the LCCS has looked closely at the mechanics of the creation of such systems and at ideological influences on classification schemes. Prior scholarship has neglected the means by which ideologies are encoded into classification systems, however. The present article examines the history of a single class by looking at the ideological and political assumptions behind that class and the means by which these assumptions were written into the LCCS. Specifically, we argue that the Naval Science class resulted from a concerted effort by naval theorists to raise their field to the status of a science, the interest of Washington’s political class in this new science as a justification for imperial expansion, and a publishing boom in naval matters as the American public became eager consumers of such work during the Spanish-American War. This complex narrative thus illustrates the manifold influences on the creation of any classification system and asks us to consider that multiplicity of influences, whether we as librarians teach about existing systems or work to build new ones.

(In)authenticity work: Constructing the realm of inauthenticity through Thomas Kinkade

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Koontz Anthony ◽  
Amit Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Commercial Markets ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cultural Intermediaries

Although we know that authenticity work can add value to cultural products, little research explores efforts to claim the inauthenticity of products in commercial markets. The question arises, how does the critical reception of a popular culture phenomenon employ a form of authenticity work to determine the cultural products eligible – or ineligible – for the status of “authentic?” This research seeks to answer this question through a comprehensive content analysis of 328 documents from 1998 to 2012 related to the late artist Thomas Kinkade. We put forth the term inauthenticity work to explain how cultural intermediaries defined cultural products as antithetical to authenticity. Even in the face of immense commercial success, intermediaries constructed Kinkade’s work as exemplifying inauthenticity, defining his work as mass produced, insincere, escapist, and oppositional to high art. Such inauthenticity work reveals that even if there is greater variance in cultural products eligible for authentication, intermediaries uphold culture boundaries through critically maintaining a cultural realm of inauthenticity.

scholarly journals KRITIK TERHADAP KONSEP TANZIL NASR HAMID ABU ZAYD DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP STATUS AL-QUR’AN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Muzayyin Bdws
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status

This paper intends to present Tanzil Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd's ideas or concepts and their implications for the status of the Qur'an, to then provide adequate criticism of it. In the first section, the concept of Tanzil, according to Nasr Hamid, which was later imitated by several Indonesian thinkers, will then seek relevance to the ideas put forward by Orentalis. The second part, the implication of the concept of Tanzil Nasr Hamid on the status of the Qur'an, which in it breaks down the new terms of the Qur'an are cultural products (muntaj thasaqafi), Producers of Culture (muntij thasaqafi) and language texts (lashawi nash) the third part is followed by a critical analysis of the concept of Tanzil Nasr Hamid and the implications of Nasr Hamid's tanzil concept on the status of the Qur'an.  Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk memaparkan gagasan atau konsep Tanzil Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd dan Implikasinya terhadap status Al-Qur’an, untuk kemudian memberikan kritik yang memadai terhadapnya. Pada bagian pertama, akan dipaparkan tentang konsep Tanzil menurut Nasr Hamid yang kemudian ditiru oleh beberapa pemikir Indonesia, baru kemudian mencari relevansinya dengan gagasan yang dikemukakan oleh Orentalis. Bagian kedua, Implikasi konsep Tanzil Nasr Hamid terhadap status Al-Qur’an, yang didalamnya mengurai terma-terma baru tentang al-Qur’an adalah produk budaya (muntaj thasaqafi), Produsen Budaya (muntij thasaqafi) dan teks bahasa (nash lughawi).bagian ketiga ialah dilanjutkan dengan analisis kritis terhadap konsep Tanzil Nasr Hamid dan Implikasi konsep tanzil Nasr Hamid terhadap status al-Qur’an.

From boundaries to boundary work: middle managers creating inter-organizational change

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1204-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieke Oldenhof ◽  
Annemiek Stoopendaal ◽  
Kim Putters
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incremental Change ◽  
Barriers To Change ◽  
The Status

Purpose In healthcare, organizational boundaries are often viewed as barriers to change. The purpose of this paper is to show how middle managers create inter-organizational change by doing boundary work: the dual act of redrawing boundaries and coordinating work in new ways. Design/methodology/approach Theoretically, the paper draws on the concept of boundary work from Science and Technology Studies. Empirically, the paper is based on an ethnographic investigation of middle managers that participate in a Dutch reform program across health, social care, and housing. Findings The findings show how middle managers create a sense of urgency for inter-organizational change by emphasizing “fragmented” service provision due to professional, sectoral, financial, and geographical boundaries. Rather than eradicating these boundaries, middle managers change the status quo gradually by redrawing composite boundaries. They use boundary objects and a boundary-transcending vocabulary emphasizing the need for societal gains that go beyond production targets of individual organizations. As a result, work is coordinated in new ways in neighborhood teams and professional expertise is being reconfigured. Research limitations/implications Since boundary workers create incremental change, it is necessary to follow their work for a longer period to assess whether boundary work contributes to paradigm change. Practical implications Organizations should pay attention to conditions for boundary work, such as legitimacy of boundary workers and the availability of boundary spaces that function as communities of practice. Originality/value By shifting the focus from boundaries to boundary work, this paper gives valuable insights into “how” boundaries are redrawn and embodied in objects and language.

scholarly journals Network in Belle II

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07019
Author(s):  
Silvio Pardi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Large Scale Network ◽  
The Status ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Belle Ii ◽  
Data Centres

Belle II has started the Phase 3 data taking with a fully equipped detector. The data flow at the maximum luminosity is expected to be 12PB of data/year and will be analysed by a cutting-edge computing infrastructure spread over 26 Countries. Several of the major computing centres for HEP in Europe, USA and Canada will store the second copy of RAW data. In this scenario, the international network infrastructure for research plays a key role in supporting and orchestrating all the activities of data analysis and replication. The large-scale network data challenge will also take advantage from LHCONE VRF service and the support of network experts of KEKCC, Belle II sites and NREN. The program of major upgrade in 2019 empowered the connection among Japan, Europe and USA over a 100Gb geographic ring. In this work, we summarize the network requirements needed to accomplish all the tasks provided by the Belle II computing model. We also highlight the status of the major network links that support and advance Belle II. Lastly, we present the results of the last Network Data Challenge campaign performed between KEK and the main RAW data centres with the additional usage of the Data Transfer Node service provided by GÉANT.

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

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