Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. xxiv-10
Author(s):  
Jörg Meibauer
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Ethical Question ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Research Questions

Based on a thorough review of recent literature on lying and deception, the introduction gives accessible answers to five basic research questions. For the first question—how can lying be defined?—it considers definitions of lying given in the philosophy of language and in linguistics. For the second question—how can lying be detected?—it addresses psychological research on detection of lying. Psychology and neuroscience are the most important disciplines with respect to the third question, concerning the processing of lying. The fourth question—how is lying acquired?—is dealt with in psycholinguistics. Finally, the ethical question of lying—how is lying evaluated?—is discussed. Since answers to these questions are typically given by linguistics, philosophy, and psychology, the chapter suggests that an integrative approach to lying will be drawing heavily on these disciplines.

Plato’s Philosophy of Language

2019 ◽  
pp. 480-505
Author(s):  
Paolo Crivelli
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
Linguistic Dimension ◽  
Theory Of Forms

Ideas in and problems of philosophy of language surface frequently in Plato’s dialogues. Some passages briefly formulate, or presuppose, views about names, signification, truth, or falsehood; others are extended discussions of important themes of philosophy of language. This chapter focuses on three topics. The first is the linguistic dimension of the theory of Forms; the second is the discussion of names in the Cratylus, Plato’s only dialogue almost completely dedicated to linguistic themes; the third is the examination of semantic and ontological issues in the Sophist, whose linguistic section (259d9‒264b10) presents Plato’s most mature reflections on statements, truth, and falsehood.

scholarly journals Twitter in Marketing Practice of the Religious Media. An Empirical Study on Catholic Weeklies in Poland

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Iwona Leonowicz-Bukała ◽  
Andrzej Adamski ◽  
Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Religious Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Twitter Account ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Marketing Tool

This article presents the partial conclusion of the research project devoted to marketing activity of Polish Catholic opinion-forming weeklies on the social media platforms. The main aim of this article is to present the results of the study on the use of Twitter as a marketing tool by Polish nationwide Catholic opinion-forming weeklies. The basic research questions concerned the extent of utilizing the platform by the magazines’ editors to create and distribute the content of their media product, maintain and develop brand communication and self-promotion. The case studies and the content analysis of the accounts of the three magazines—Gość Niedzielny, Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela and Przewodnik Katolicki—show that there are three different ways in how the editors of the magazines understand the role of the Twitter account of the title they represent—as an ‘active communicator’, ‘active communicator and community supporter’ or ‘community supporter’. The conclusions show that the studied media fairly efficiently use the visual and distributional potential of the platform as well as some of its features, at the same time missing the chance to build a brand-loyal community. They also limit the role of Twitter to that of a supplement for the main communication channel, which is the printed weekly and its website.

Bertrand Russell. My mental development. A reprint of IX 82(1). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 1–20; also third edition, Tudor Publishing Company, New York 1951, pp. 1-20; also paper-bound reprint of the third edition, Harper Torchbooks, Harper & Row, Publishers, New York, Evanston, and London, 1963, Vol. I, pp. 1-20. - Hans Reichenbach. Bertrand Russell's logic. A reprint of IX 76(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 21–54; also ibid. 1951, pp. 21-54; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 21-54. - Morris Weitz. Analysis and the unity of Russell's philosophy. A reprint of IX 77(1). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 55–121; also ibid. 1951, pp. 55-121; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 55-121. - Kurt Göde. Russell's mathematical logic. A reprint of XI 75. The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 123–153; also ibid. 1951, pp. 123-153; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 123-153. - James Feibleman. A reply to Bertrand Russell's introduction to the second edition of The principles of mathematics. A reprint of IX 77(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 155–174; also ibid. 1951, pp. 155-174; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 155-174. - G.E. Moore. Russell's “theory of descriptions.” A reprint of IX 78(1). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 175–225; also ibid. 1951, pp. 175-225; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 175-225. - Max Black. Russell's philosophy of language. A reprint of IX 78(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 227–255; also ibid. 1951, pp. 227-255; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 227-255. - Philip P. Wiener. Method in Russell's work on Leibniz. A reprint of IX 82(2). The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 257–276; also ibid. 1951, pp. 257-276; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 257-276. - Ernest Nagel. Russell's philosophy of science. A reprint of IX 79. The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 317–349; also ibid. 1951, pp. 317-349; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 317-349. - Andrew Paul Ushenko. Russell's critique of empiricism. A reprint of IX 80. The philosophy of Bertrand Russell, edited by Paul Arthur Schilpp, second edition, The Library of Living Philosophers, Inc., Evanston, Illinois, 1946, pp. 385–417; also ibid. 1951, pp. 385-417; also ibid. 1963, Vol. I, pp. 385-417.

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-496
Author(s):  
Ann S. Ferebee
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Publishing Company ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Hans Reichenbach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theory Of Descriptions

scholarly journals FOMO, Brands and Consumers – about the Reactions of Polish Internet Users to the Activities of Brands in Social Media (Based on CAWI Representative Research)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jupowicz-Ginalska
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Fear of Missing Out is mainly a subject of psychological research; however, due to its specific nature, it gains an interdisciplinary character. Thanks to this, it can also be analysed from the perspective of media or business. This paper focuses on the threads of the relationship between FOMO and marketing communication online. It realizes the following objectives: it presents the scale of FOMO in Poland; it analyses the phenomenon in the context of consumers’ reactions to basic brand activity on social and it shows differences between the answers given by all the respondents and those with high FOMO. In order to clarify the scope of the research work, four research questions are answered: how do social media users react to the use of particular features of social platforms by brands? What form of posts coming from brands are preferred by Polish Internet users? What is the attitude of the respondents towards advertisements posted on social media portals? Does FOMO influence the answers in any way? The research was based on the nationwide, representative sample of Internet users aged 15+ (N=1060). The tool was the CAWI questionnaire.

scholarly journals Guidelines for Immersive Virtual Reality in Psychological Research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madis Vasser ◽  
Jaan Aru
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Virtual reality (VR) holds immense promise as a research tool to deliver results that are generalizable to the real world. However, the methodology used in different VR studies varies substantially. While many of these approaches claim to use “immersive VR”, the different hardware and software choices lead to issues regarding reliability and validity of psychological VR research. Questions arise about quantifying presence, the optimal level of graphical realism, the problem of being in dual-realities and reproducibility of VR research. We discuss how VR research paradigms could be evaluated and offer a list of practical recommendations to have common guidelines for psychological VR research.

The Axial Age, Axiality, and the Missionary Enterprise

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
David Lindenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
World History ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
External Memory ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
The Third ◽  
Axial Age ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Brain Culture

This article reviews recent literature on the Axial Age as a phase of world history and seeks to illuminate the role of Christian missionaries as part of this broad perspective. Introduced by Karl Jaspers in 1949, the concept has attracted attention from scholars interested in human development. The cognitive psychologist Merlin Donald views it as the third stage of “brain-culture co-evolution,” which draws on the external memory storage that literacy provides. I argue that missionaries have been central agents in conveying such stored knowledge to non-axial cultures.

Conditions of the Russian Federation’s Strategic Culture and Its Impact on Russia’s Foreign Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (35) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Stanisław Zarobny ◽  
Agnieszka Sałek-Imińska
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Cultural Domination ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

Over the last thirty years, the importance and interest in cultural factors in international relations and in international security has increased. The links between culture and security, and in particular the impact of culture on security, are issues whose importance is growing and which are being increasingly studied. They are regarded as a multifaceted problem, as cultural differences have become the cause of conflicts and wars, and tendencies of cultural domination have led to the destruction of cultures and entire civilizations. It therefore seems interesting to reflect on the process of developing an independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to discuss the process of shaping the independent strategic culture of the Russian Federation and to address four basic research problems: the sources of Russian strategic culture; the indication which of them are primary and which are secondary ones; determining whether Russian strategic culture underwent evolution; and determining whether then Cold War influenced the shape of today’s strategic culture of the Russian Federation. To achieve the intended purpose of the article, critical analysis of literature is applied, which allowed to find answers to the research questions.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Saks ◽  
Barbara A. Spellman
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Psychological Understanding ◽  
Trial Judges ◽  
Rules Of Evidence ◽  
Evidence Rules ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Rules of evidence are designed to facilitate trials by controlling what evidence may be presented at trial. Those rules came into being, and evolved over time, due to changes in trial process and structure – especially following the rise of adversarial procedure, whereby control over the marshaling and presentation of facts shifted from judges to lawyers. Refinements and reforms continue to be undertaken to try to improve the scope and clarity of the rules. Trial judges must not only apply the rules, they also have the discretion to make rulings in light of their expectations of the impact they think the evidence will have on jurors. This task involves metacognition: one human trying to estimate the thought processes of others. Thus, evidence rulemakers have been and are, effectively, applied psychologists. The rules of evidence reflect their understanding of the psychological processes affecting, and capabilities and limitations of witnesses, lawyers and jurors. Psychological research and methods provide an additional source of insight and assistance in that endeavor. Better psychological understanding should lead to more effective rules. Psychologists typically employ the scientific method: empirically testing hypotheses in an effort to discover which are valid understandings of how people perceive, store, and retrieve information. To evaluate evidence rules, one could conduct experiments directly on a rule, or borrow from existing knowledge developed in basic research and see whether those understandings support existing or proposed evidence rules.

The Structure and Writing of Qualitative Reports

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-196
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Objective Research

The first section of this chapter contains information related the structure of the introduction of the qualitative projects' reports. Readers should be able to compile appropriate background to the study, statement of the problem, research objective, research questions, significance of the study, and other requirements for qualitative projects. The second section contains details related to the review of literature. The readers should be able to understand and apply empirical and theoretical literature in qualitative projects. The third section discusses the structure of methodology of qualitative projects and the strategies of executing it. The analysis and discussion of qualitative data is discussed in Section 4. The final section contains the concluding structure of qualitative research reports.

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