The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Neutrophil Count

Abstract Background The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate-protein diet and a well-established treatment option for drug resistant childhood epilepsies. Neutrophils are important component of humans` innate phagocytic defense which usually arrive first at sites of infection and/or inflammation. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the effect of ketosis induced by KD on neutrophils count. Methods This case control study was done in the Ketoclinic, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, during the period of May 2018 till December 2019. It included 21 patients and 9 age and sex matched healthy children as a control group. Neutrophil counts were measured in both patients and controls both initially and after 6 months of KD usage. Results Although three patients reported increased incidence of infection after commencement of KD, the current study showed no significant change in the neutrophil count in studied patients compared to the controls after 6 months of KD. Conclusion KD has no effect on neutrophil number, however, further detailed studies for the full immunological profile including their function is needed to ensure that patients receiving this line of therapeutic nutrition aren`t susceptible to increased risk of infections.

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IL-10 Promoter Genetic Polymorphisms and Risk of Kawasaki Disease in Taiwan

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2011/909407 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kai-Sheng Hsieh ◽

Tsung-Jen Lai ◽

Yu-Tung Hwang ◽

Ming-Wei Lin ◽

Ken-Pen Weng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kawasaki Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Levels ◽

High Plasma ◽

Case Control ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Family Based ◽

Control Study

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common cause of pediatric acquired heart disease. KD patients have spontaneously high plasma/serum levels of IL-10 during the acute phase. Therefore, two independent studies were carried out to investigate the association between genetic variants in IL-10 promoter (−1082, −819, and −592) and risk of KD. A total of 134 trios were included for the family-based association study. A significantly preferential transmission of the C allele at loci −819 T > C and −592 A > C for KD cases was observed (Ppermutation= 0.029 and Ppermutation= 0.034, respectively). There was a significant increase in the transmission of haplotype CC (p= 0.016) at the above two loci (OR, 1.632; 95% CI, 1.090–2.443; Ppermutation= 0.019). We also carried out a follow-up case-control study that included 146 KD cases and 315 unrelated healthy children. {The haplotype CC (−819, −592) showed an increased risk of KD (but statistically non-significant; OR, 1.332; 95% CI, 0.987–1.797;p= 0.061). In diplotype analysis, a trend was found between number of CC haplotype and risk of KD (but non-significant,p= 0.061). In conclusion, CC genotype and CC/CC diplotype at IL-10-819T > C and −592A > C were significantly associated with risk of KD in case-parent trio study, which were replicated partially in our follow-up case-control study.

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Peripartum Predictors of the Risk of Postpartum Depressive Disorder: Results of a Case-Control Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238726 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8726 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kornelia Zaręba ◽

Jolanta Banasiewicz ◽

Hanna Rozenek ◽

Stanisław Wójtowicz ◽

Grzegorz Jakiel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Medical Records ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Uterine Cavity ◽

Control Group ◽

Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Retrospective Comparative Study ◽

Control Study

Background: The study aimed at the identification of the risk factors present during delivery, which might be present in prophylactic programs concerning postpartum mood disorders. Material and Method: This was a retrospective comparative study. The study material included data retrieved from the medical records of patients hospitalized in the Teaching Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Professor Orłowski Hospital in Warsaw, in the years 2010–2017. The EPDS data of 604 patients were analyzed. The study group included 75 women who obtained at least 12 points in the EPDS and the control group was made up of 75 women who obtained no more than 5 points in the EPDS. Results: The women in whom we noted an increased risk of developing mood disorders had blood loss >1000 mL and had a significantly longer stage II and III of labor than the control group. Other risk factors were cesarean section, vaginal delivery with the curettage of the uterine cavity, slightly lower APGAR scores (0.4 pts), and lower birth weight (approximately 350 g) of the child. Women at a low risk of postpartum mood disorders more commonly underwent episiotomy during delivery (76%). Conclusions: Increased supervision and support should be offered to women who experienced the above-mentioned risk factors.

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Neonatal Thrombocytopenia after Perinatal Asphyxia Treated with Hypothermia: A Retrospective Case Control Study

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2014/760654 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. Boutaybi ◽

F. Razenberg ◽

V. E. H. J. Smits-Wintjens ◽

E. W. van Zwet ◽

M. Rijken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Therapeutic Hypothermia ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hypothermia Group ◽

Control Study

Our objective was to estimate the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on platelet count in neonates after perinatal asphyxia. We performed a retrospective case control study of all (near-) term neonates with perinatal asphyxia admitted between 2004 and 2012 to our neonatal intensive care unit. All neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia were included in this study (hypothermia group) and compared with a historic control group of neonates with perinatal asphyxia treated before introduction of therapeutic hypothermia (2008). Primary outcome was thrombocytopenia during the first week after birth. Thrombocytopenia was found significantly more often in the hypothermia group than in the control group, 80% (43/54) versus 59% (27/46) (P=.02). The lowest mean platelet count in the hypothermia group and control group was97×109/Land125×109/L(P=.06), respectively, and was reached at a mean age of 4.1 days in the hypothermia group and 2.9 days in the control group (P<.001). The incidence of moderate/severe cerebral hemorrhage was 6% (3/47) in the hypothermia group versus 9% (3/35) in the control group (P=.64). In conclusion, neonates with perinatal asphyxia treated with therapeutic hypothermia are at increased risk of thrombocytopenia, without increased risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

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Polymorphisms in Phase I (CYP450) Genes CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP2C8 (rs1058930) and Their Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Mazandaran Province in North of Iran

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.667 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (15) ◽

pp. 2488-2496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Golpar Golmohammadzadeh ◽

Abbas Mohammadpour ◽

Nematollah Ahangar ◽

Mohammad Shokrzadeh

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Cyp1b1 Gene ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUND: The second leading cause of cancer-related death in women is breast cancer. Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes (XMEs) contribute to the detoxification of numerous cancer therapy-induced products. In the metabolism of xenobiotic, cytochrome P450s or monooxygenases perform an important function by catalysing the hydroxylation reaction. In this study, the susceptibility and genetic polymorphisms of CYP450 isoenzymes was investigated that may have an etiological role in breast cancer. AIM: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of CYP1A1 (rs4646421), CYP1B1 (rs1056836), CYP2C8 (rs1058930), and CYP19A1 (rs749292) polymorphisms with the risk of breast cancer in Mazandaran province. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study were recruited 72 patients and 51 healthy individuals and was performed between March 2018 to May 2018 in the Oncology Department at Imam Hospital in Sari city, Iran. Peripheral blood samples were collected in EDTA tube, and DNA extraction was performed using the salting-out method and WizPrep extraction kits. Breast cancer patients with known clinicopathological characters and healthy women as control group were genotyped for genes polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP technique, using restriction enzymes. Chi-square, Fisher exact test and Logistic regression model, were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results of the experiments showed that there was a significant relationship between two groups and the age of the patients is significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.044). According to the chi-square and Fisher exact test, education, pregnancy, menopause status and oppose were significant between the two groups. Based on using a logistic regression model in two normalized and age-adjusted models to finding relationship between the genotypes of each gene and breast cancer risk, it was determined that in the CYP2C8 genotype, those who have the CG allele have a 7.74 degree increased risk of breast cancer (CI = 95% 0.95-62.5) and in the CYP19A1 gene, individuals with GA genotype, increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.52-27.21), about the CYP1B1 gene, people with two genotypes of CG + GG had higher risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.19-5.71) and allele G has decreased risk of breast cancer in this gene (P = 0.0271), also allele G in CYP2C8 gene had the protective effect (P = 0.02). In the age-adjusted model, for the CYP2C8 gene, GG genotype increased risk of breast cancer (CI = %95 1.11-75.84) as well as, the CG + GG genotype in CYP1B1 gene (CI = %95 1.31-6.57). CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the association between CYP2C8 (rs1058930), CYP19A1 (rs749292) and CYP1B1 (rs1056836) gene polymorphisms and increased risk of breast cancer in women in Mazandaran province.

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Diabetes and hypertension in patients with psoriasis: a cross sectional and case control study in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2217

Author(s):

Samira Jamal ◽

Sheikh Anwarul Karim ◽

Sheikh Mahee Ridwan Raihan ◽

Rajat Biswas ◽

Mansurul Alam

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Care Hospital ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Background: In this study our main goal was to evaluate the association of psoriasis as a risk predictor for the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN).Methods: This case control study was carried out in the department of dermatology and venereology, Chittagong medical college hospital (CMCH), Chittagong, Bangladesh from 15 June 2011 to 14 May 2012. Where 60 patients with psoriasis and 60 patients with skin diseases other than psoriasis were included according to availability within the study period.Results: During study, among the psoriatic patients, most of the patients with DM and HTN had body mass index (BMI) within normal limit. During analysis of different clinical findings in psoriatic patients scaling was present in all the cases followed by Auspitz sign, koebnerization, itching, scalp involvement and nail changes. Patients with psoriasis were found to have higher incidence of DM and HTN in comparison to their non-psoriatic control group. It was also observed that psoriatic patients having DM and HTN had longer duration of diseases (p<0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, our study indicates that patients with psoriasis have an increased risk of DM and HTN, confirming the findings from previous several case control and cross sectional studies. These data illustrate the importance of considering psoriasis as a systemic disorder rather than simply a skin disease. Awareness of concurrent diseases will provide the clinician an opportunity of screening .for others systemic diseases.

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Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.2.15585/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Naghibzadeh Tahami ◽

Maryam Marzban ◽

Vahid Yazdi Feyzabadi ◽

Shahryar Dabiri ◽

Shokrollah Mohseni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Related Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study ◽

Opium Use

Abstract Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence.Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 280 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data, including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet, were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for tobacco smoking, education, daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, and hydrogenated fats.Results: Opium ever-use was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =5.95, 95 % CI: 1.87 -18.92). Participants were divided into low and high use groups based on the median of opium use in the control group. A significant dose-response relation was observed between the amount of daily O&D use and LC; and the relation was stronger in high users (AOR low users = 3.81 % CI: 1.13 -12.77 and OR high users= 9.36, 95% CI: 2.05 -42.72). Also, LC was higher among participants starting the use of O&D at younger ages (≤ 41 years old vs never users AOR = 8.64, 95 % CI: 1.90 -39.18) compared to those who started at an older age ( >41 years old vs never users, AOR = 4.71, 95 % CI: 1.38 - 16.08). The association between opium, and lung cancer among non-smokers was OR: 6.50 (95% CI: 2.89 to 14.64).Conclusion: The results of this study show that opium use is probably a dose related risk factor for lung cancer.

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Complications of Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Endometrial or Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Control Study

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.642928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Liu ◽

Xingyu Chen ◽

Jiayi Sheng ◽

Xinyi Sun ◽

George Qiaoqi Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Age At First Birth ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Control Study

BackgroundThe association of complications of pregnancy and the risk of developing gynecological cancer is controversial with the limited study. In this study, we investigated the association of preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or large for gestational age (LGA), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the risk of endometrial or ovarian cancer.MethodsIn this case-control study, 189 women with endometrial cancer and 119 women with ovarian cancer were included. 342 women without gynecological cancers were randomly selected as a control group. Data on the history of pregnancy and age at diagnosis of gynecological cancer as well as the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) were collected.ResultsWomen with a history of preeclampsia or IUGR did not have an increased risk of developing endometrial or ovarian cancer. While women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant increased the risk of developing endometrial cancer but not ovarian cancer. The odds of women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant developing endometrial cancer was 2.691 (95% CI: 1.548, 4.3635, p=0.0003), or 6.383 (95% CI: 2.812, 13.68, p<0.0001) respectively, compared to the controls. The odds ratio of women who did not use IUDs developing ovarian cancer was 1.606 (95% CI: 1.057, 2.434), compared to the controls. There was no association of age at first birth and developing endometrial or ovarian cancer.ConclusionOur observational data suggested that GDM and delivery of an LGA infant are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

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Hyperthyroidism as a Potential Risk Factor for Placental Abruption: A Case Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-146928/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomomi Kotani ◽

Kenji Imai ◽

Takafumi Ushida ◽

Yoshinori Moriyama ◽

Tomoko Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Pregnancy Complications ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Placental Abruption ◽

Case Control ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Abstract BackgroundOvert hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are associated with pregnancy complications; however, most women with these conditions are diagnosed before conception and are under treatment during pregnancy, especially in the developed countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate pregnancy complications among these women.MethodsA retrospective case-control study was conducted, and data on 3824 pregnant women who gave birth at Nagoya University Hospital located in Japan from 2005 to 2014 was collected. The pregnancy outcomes were divided and compared among three groups: the control group (n = 3709), the hyperthyroidism group (n = 52) and the hypothyroidism group (n = 63). Risk factors for placental abruption were also evaluated in singleton pregnancies (n = 3588) by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Moreover, in hyperthyroidism, thyroid function was also compared between successful and failed placentation group, and the latter group included placental abruption and preeclampsia. ResultsThe incidence of placental abruption was significantly higher in hyperthyroidism than in control and hypothyroidism groups (p < 0.01). Hyperthyroidism was independently associated with an increased risk of placental abruption (adjusted odds ratio = 12.52, 95% confidence interval = 2.91–53.88). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly lower in failed placentation group than in successful placentation group (p < 0.05). ConclusionAccording to the results of our study, pregnancy outcomes in women with treated hypothyroidism were comparable with those in women without thyroid disease. Conversely, women with treated hyperthyroidism showed an independent risk of placental abruption, which might be related with lower TSH level at early gestation. However, further research is required to validate our findings.

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Hepatitis C virus and risk of extrahepatic malignancies: a case-control study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55249-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo Liu ◽

Yongxiang Zhang ◽

Jun Li ◽

Weihong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C Virus ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Research Group ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Hcv Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Therefore, we investigated the risk of extrahepatic malignancies associated with HCV infection. Inpatients diagnosed with lymphoma, breast, thyroid, kidney, or pancreatic cancer (research group, n = 17,925) as well as inpatients with no malignancies (control group, n = 16,580) matched by gender and age were enrolled from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2008 and December 2016. A case-control study was conducted by retrospective analysis. The difference in HCV prevalence was analyzed between the research group and the control group. Also, the research group was compared to the 2006 National Hepatitis C sero-survey in China. A total of 86 cases were positive for anti-HCV in the research group. Compared with the control group (103 cases were anti-HCV positive), no significant associations between extrahepatic malignancies and HCV infection were observed. Meanwhile, compared to the 2006 National Hepatitis C sero-survey, we observed a significant association between the chronic lymphoma leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and HCV seropositivity in females in the research group aged 1–59 years old (OR = 14.69; 95% CI, 1.94–111.01). HCV infection had a potential association with CLL/SLL in females aged 1–59 years old. Our study did not confirm an association between HCV infection and the risk of extrahepatic malignancies. In regions with a low HCV prevalence, the association between HCV infection and extrahepatic malignancies needs further investigation.

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Inflammatory Potential of Diet is Associated with Increased Odds of Cataract in a Case-Control Study from Iran

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000420 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 87 (1-2) ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Bahram Rashidkhani ◽

Matin Ghanavati

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Control Study

Abstract.Background: In previous studies, diet has been shown to be associated with cataract. However, no study to date has focused on the association between inflammatory potential of diet and cataract. Objectives: In this case-control study conducted in Iran, we examined the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and cataract. Methods: This case-control study included 97 cataract cases and 198 healthy controls hospitalized for acute non-neoplastic diseases with the control group matched according to age (with a five-year interval) and sex with the case group. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), with the DII analyzed as both continuous and as tertiles. Energy was adjusted using the residual method. Results: Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher odds of cataract, with the DII being used as both a continuous variable (ORcontinuous 1.51, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.13 – 2.03; one unit increase corresponding to ≈18% of its range in the current study) and as tertiles (ORtertile3vs1 2.67, 95%CI 1.32 – 5.48, Ptrend = 0.002). Conclusions: These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of cataract. Additional studies should be conducted to further explore this association.

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