Melanopsin-dependent phototransduction is impaired in delayed sleep–wake phase disorder and sighted non–24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabra M Abbott ◽  
Jin Choi ◽  
John Wilson ◽  
Phyllis C Zee
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rhythm Disorder ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Stimulus Offset

Abstract Study Objectives The circadian system must perform daily adjustments to align sleep–wake and other physiologic rhythms with the environmental light–dark cycle: This is mediated primarily through melanopsin containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Individuals with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) exhibit a delay in sleep–wake timing relative to the average population, while those with sighted non–24-hour sleep–wake rhythm disorder (N24SWD) exhibit progressive delays. An inability to maintain appropriate entrainment is a characteristic of both disorders. In this study, we test the hypothesis that individuals with DSWPD exhibit alteration in melanopsin-dependent retinal photo-transduction as measured with the postillumination pupil response (PIPR). Methods Twenty-one control and 29 participants with DSWPD were recruited from the community and clinic. Of the 29 DSWPD participants, 17 reported a history of N24SWD. A pupillometer was used to measure the PIPR in response to a bright 30-second blue or red-light stimulus. The PIPR was calculated as the difference in average pupil diameter at baseline and 10–40 seconds after light stimulus offset. Results The PIPR was significantly reduced in the DSWPD group when compared with the control group (1.26 ± 1.11 mm vs 2.05 ± 1.04 mm, p < 0.05, t-test). The PIPR was significantly reduced in the sighted N24SWD subgroup when compared with individuals with the history of only DSWPD (0.88 ± 0.58 mm vs 1.82 ± 1.44 mm, p < 0.05, analysis of variance [ANOVA]) or controls (0.88 ± 0.58 mm vs 2.05 ± 1.04 mm, p < 0.01, ANOVA). Conclusions These results indicate that reduced melanopsin-dependent retinal photo-transduction may be a novel mechanism involved in the development of DSWPD and sighted N24SWD.

Brightness In The Photopic Range: Psychophysical Modelling With Blue-sensitive Retinal Signals

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Peter Bodrogi ◽  
Xue Guo ◽  
Tran Quoc Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Psychophysical Experiment ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Brightness Perception ◽  
Content Model ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cone Signal

The brightness perception of a large (41°) uniform visual field was investigated in a visual psychophysical experiment. Subjects assessed the brightness of 20 light source spectra of different chromaticities at two luminance levels, Lv=267.6 cd/m2 and Lv=24.8 cd/m2. The resulting mean subjective brightness scale values were modelled by a combination of the signals of retinal mechanisms: S-cones, rods, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and the difference of the L-cone signal and the M-cone signal. A new quantity, “relative spectral blue content”, was also considered for modelling. This quantity was defined as “the spectral radiance of the light stimulus integrated with the range (380–520) nm, relative to luminance”. The “relative spectral blue content” model could describe the subjective brightness perception of the observers with reasonable accuracy.

Prevalence of ADHD in children born by mothers consuming Frankincense during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimohammad Ranjbar ◽  
Elahe Kamali Ardakani ◽  
Rahele Zareshahi
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

Aims: In Iranian culture, due to some narratives from the prophet Mohammad about the use of frankincense during pregnancy for increasing IQ in children, some women consume frankincense during expectancy. This study's goal is to evaluate the relationship between frankincense used during pregnancy and the incidence of ADHD. Methods: In this study, the case group comprised children 4-17 years old referring to Shahid Chamran Pharmacy in Yazd from summer to winter 2018 for receiving Methylphenidate, those with whom a psychologist had identified ADHD based on DSM-V factors.  The control group included children of the same age group but without ADHD. For data gathering, a checklist was used with some questions on smoking, family history of ADHD, presence/absence of a specific disease during pregnancy, frankincense used during pregnancy, and a chemical medication consumed during pregnancy. Results: The main result demonstrated that the children whose mothers used frankincense during pregnancy were 0.67 times less likely to be affected by ADHD than those whose mothers did not use this substance. However, the difference failed to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Some studies report that frankincense can bear a positive effect on the development of the brain and possibly adequate formation of dendrites trees, axons and induce proper communication between them, so the impact of frankincense on the brain may be justified by its protective effect against the hyperactive child.

scholarly journals Impact of Constipation in Children on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seikh Azimul Hoque ◽  
Md Tariqul Islam ◽  
Farid Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Hanif ◽  
Shahnoor Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Urine Culture ◽  
Positive Urine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: The study was done to find out the relationship between constipation andurinary tract infection (UTI) in children.Methods: The study was a case control study between two groups in a tertiary carechildren hospital in Dhaka city. In group-1 (n=45) those children having history ofconstipation and in group-2 (n=78) as a control group having no history of constipationwere included in this study. Growths of a single species of organism with colony countof >105/ml in a clean-catch midstream single urine sample was considered as evidenceof urinary tract infection.Results: Positive urine culture was found in 8.9% (4/45) cases in children who hadhistory of constipation and 1.3% (1/78) in children who had no history of constipation.Though the number of positive urine culture was seven times more in children withconstipation than those who were not constipated but the difference between the twogroups was not statistically significant (p=0.059) .Conclusion: Culture documented UTI in children with constipation is seven timesmore than without constipation showing impact of constipation on urinary tract infection(UTI) in children.Key words: Urinary tract infection (UTI); constipation.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5697Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 17-20

scholarly journals Comparison Of Learning Outcome Geography Subject Matter Of History Of Earthquake Using Video Media And Powerpoint Media In Students Class X Sma Negeri 10 Kendari

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Rahma Musyawarah ◽  
La Ode Amaluddin ◽  
La Ode Nursalam
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Post Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

This study aims: 1) To know the significance of the difference between the average value of pre-test of experimental class students and the average value of pre-test of control class students, 2) Knowing the average value of post-test of experiment class students is significantly higher compared with the mean value of post-test control class, 3) Knowing the average value of students' gain of experimental class is significantly higher than the control group's average gain. This type of research is experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. Sample determination technique is random sampling, obtained class X2 as experimental class and class X4 as control class. The data collection technique is done by giving the test of Geography learning result in the form of multiple choice test. Data analysis techniques use descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the average value of post-test students class X2 = 79.67 with n-gain = 0.72 while class X4 = 75.05 with n-gain = 0.63. Based on t test analysis, t-Calculated = 2.07> tTable = 2.00 at a significant level of 95% (α = 0.05), this indicates that the average post-test grade of the experimental class is significantly higher than the the average value of post-test of control class students on the subject matter of the history of earth formation.

scholarly journals A Case-Control Study on the Relationship Between Cholecystectomy and Cholangiocarcinoma in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donglie Zhu ◽  
Hang Fu ◽  
Zelong Yang ◽  
Mingzuo Jiang ◽  
Yanjie Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Hepatic Hemangioma ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aims: The present study aimed to explore the correlation between cholecystectomy and cholangiocarcinoma, and to provide preliminary clinical basis for precise cholecystectomy in China.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 9744 patients with cholangiocarcinoma, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, femoral fracture, and hepatic hemangioma diagnosed in Xijing hospital from August 2008 to August 2018. They were divided into three groups: case group (1749 cases of cholangiocarcinoma), positive control group (3137 cases of colon cancer and 1950 cases of pancreatic cancer), negative control group (1794 cases of femoral fracture and 1114 cases of hepatic hemangioma). We collected the general information (gender, age), past medical history, cholecystectomy history from the patients, and these data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The cholecystectomy rate of the case group was significantly higher than that of the positive control group and the negative control group by chi-square test (p<0.025). The cholecystectomy rate and the history of cholecystolithiasis were analyzed by logistic multivariate regression analysis. The OR values of cholecystectomy rate were 1.553 (95%CI: 1.311-1.840) and 3.181 (95%CI: 2.561-3.951), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.000). The OR values of the history of cholecystolithiasis were 2.460 (95%CI: 2.093-2.890) and 5.426 (95%CI: 4.325-6.809), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.000). In case group, the difference between cholecystectomy and cholecystolithiasis was statistically significant (p<0.000) by chi-square test. Conclusions: In conclusion, cholecystectomy is one of the risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma and the patients who undergo cholecystectomy have a higher risk of cholangiocarcinoma than the control groups. Cholecystectomy should be conducted with caution and the precise surgical treatment of gallbladder diseases is advocated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of attributable risk of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies prevalence among children depending on the features of family history

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-703
Author(s):  
Z U Aliev
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Position ◽  
Facial Anomalies ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Close Relatives

Aim. To assess the attributable risk of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies prevalence among children depending on the features of family history. Methods. A sample of 2000 children was selected (250 boys and 250 girls from 4 age groups: 3-5, 6-9, 10-12 and 13-15 years). Characteristics of the family history was obtained by parents’ survey. The risk of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies was determined by comparing their frequency between groups with compromised and normal family history. Attributable risk was defined as the difference in the frequency of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies. Results. The number of teeth with abnormal position per 100 examined patients ranged widely: from 72.3±1.1 to 105.4±5.3. Depending on various characteristics of the family history, the attributable risk of anomalous tooth position varied in the range from 3.0 to 33.1 per 100 children. The highest attributable risk of anomalies of the tooth position in children was revealed in cases when their parents had a history of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies (33.1%). In the presence of close relatives’ history of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies (except grandparents) attributable risk of anomalies of the tooth position in children was 11.4-14.8%. In the groups of children, whose grandparents had a history of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies, the prevalence of anomalies of the tooth position (80.9±2.0 per 100 children) was not significantly different from that in the control group (77.9±1.0). It can be explained by the fact that during the parents’ survey they were not able to state with certainty grandparents’ history of dentoalveolar and facial anomalies. Conclusion. Compromised family history in children is associated with high attributable risk of anomalies of occlusion and tooth position.

scholarly journals Plantar Fasciitis Risk Factorsin Normal Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-430
Author(s):  
Hadi Ghotbi Joshvaghan ◽  
Farzad Omidi-Kashani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeon ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bony Spur

Conservative treatments results for plantar fasciitis patients are inconsistent and therefore manipulating risk factors could be the best option for this disease. To determine risk factors of plantar fasciitis. In a retrospective study, all patients who had plantar fasciitis were enrolled and were compared to control group on their demographic characteristics. The angle of dorsi-flexion was recorded by examination of orthopedic surgeon, history of pregnancy and time of standing in one day. Plantar curvature was measured by orthopedic surgeon. Female sex percentage was significantly higher in PF group than male sex (p=0.007), but the difference in sex was not significant between PF and control groups (p=0.22). Body mass index (BMI) above 30 was significantly higher in PF group compare to control group (p=0.013). Presence of bony spur was significantly higher in PF group compare to control group (p=0.03). There were significant differences in foot curve degree in patients between PF and control groups (p=0.037). Odds ratio (OR) of plantar fasciitis was 1.65 times in patients with bony spur. History of pregnancy increase OR of plantar fasciitis 1.37 times (OR:1.37; 95% CI:1.20-1.82, p=0.017). Plantar fasciitis is associated with higher BMI, pregnancy, bony spur and foot curve cavus. However, it seems that a predisposing foot structural factor should also be accompanied with these risk factors.

scholarly journals Differences between Goldmann Applanation Tonometry and Dynamic Contour Tonometry following Trabeculectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efstathios T. Detorakis ◽  
Emilia Grammenandi ◽  
Ioannis G. Pallikaris ◽  
Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Goldmann Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Dynamic Contour Tonometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Background. To evaluate differences between Goldmann Applanation Tonometry (GAT) and Dynamic Controur Tonometry (DCT) following trabeculectomy.Methods. Thirty eight glaucomatous eyes with a history of trabeculectomy (Trabeculectomy group, TG), 20 eyes without a history of trabeculectomy but with a history of latanoprost use (Latanoprost group, LG), and 19 nonglaucomatous eyes (Control group, CG) were included. GAT-IOP, DCT-IOP, the difference between them (dIOP), the central corneal thickness (CCT), the axial length (AL), and the depth of the anterior chamber (ACD) were measured.Results. dIOP was significantly higher in TG (5.19 mmHg) than in LG (4.01 mmHg) and CG (1.98 mmHg). Correlations between AL and dIOP were statistically significant in both TG and LG but not in CG whereas correlations between dIOP and other clinical parameters examined were statistically not significant in all groups.Conclusions. The significantly higher dIOP in TG implies that the bio-mechanical properties of the ocular walls are altered following trabeculectomy.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological parameters in patients with the «dry» form of age-related macular degeneration treated with polarized polychromatic non-coherent light and dynamic electromyostimulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-965
Author(s):  
F R Saifullina ◽  
R Z Sharafieva ◽  
V I Pogorel’tsev ◽  
E A Abdulaeva
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wave Latency

Aim. To study the electrophysiological parameters in patients with the «dry» form of age-related macular degeneration before and after combined treatment with polarized polychromatic non-coherent light and dynamic electromyostimulation. Methods. Two groups of patients with the «dry» form of age-related macular degeneration were examined. Patients in the main group (40 patients, 80 eyes) were treated with a combination of polarized polychromatic non-coherent light and dynamic electromyostimulation, patients in the control group (39 patients, 78 eyes) were treated conventionally. Mean age of the patients was 71.3±1.1 years. All patients underwent standard ophthalmic examination. To assess the functional status of the macula, electroretinography was performed using the «Neuro-MVP» device (Ivanovo, Russia). A-wave amplitude and latency on the red light stimulus were examined. Results. A-wave amplitude on macular electroretinogram was 11.9% lower and A-wave latency was 20.8% higher in patients with age-related macular degeneration compared to healthy subjects. A statistically significant improvement of the A-wave amplitude and latency was observed on macular electroretinogram after the combined treatment. A-wave amplitude increased from 13.22±1.36 to 17.17±1.59 µV (p 0.01) after 2 months and up to 17.80±1.60 µV (p 0.05) after 6 months of treatment. A-wave latency decreased from 19.32±0.41 to 18.51±0.36 ms (p 0.01) after 2 months and down to 18.31±0.45 ms (p 0.05) after 6 months of treatment. There was a relevant increase in A-wave amplitude from 13.15±1.09 to 16.3±1.09 µV (p 0.01) and decrease in A-wave latency from 19.23±0.30 to 18.64±0.30 ms (p 0.05) in patients of the control group 2 months after the end of treatment. Conclusion. There were relevant increase in A-wave amplitude and decrease in A-wave latency observed on macular electroretinography after treatment. The proposed treatment method does not cause any complications and can be used as a treatment option in patients with allergic reactions to standard drugs.

scholarly journals Prospective Study on the Value of a Single Infusion of Dextran 70 During Surgical Operation in the Prevention of Fatal Postoperative Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Gösta Ljungström
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Urological Surgery ◽  
Dextran 70 ◽  
Routine Prophylaxis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
A Prospective Study

At Danderyd’s Hospital a controlled clinical trial of dextran 70 using phlebography in all patients demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) from 52% in the untreated control group to 4% in the dextran group. Johnson et al. 1968. As a consequence, routine prophylaxis of postoperative DVT with dextran 70 was instituted for all patients over 50 years of age undergoing abdominal, orthopedic or urological surgery. A retrospective investigation of. the result of this two-year period of routine prevention with dextran 70, which was preceded and superceded by 2 two-year periods when no dextran was given, revealed the following sequence of fatal PE verified at autopsy over the six-year period:15 (no prophylaxis), 6 (dextran) and 15 (no prophylaxis), Ljungström, 1975.At this stage a prospective study for a new two-year period was started. Infusion of 100 ml of dextran 70 was started during operation in all patients filling one of the following criteria: 1. All patients over 50 years of age undergoing abdominal, orthopedic or urological surgery. 2. All patients undergoing re-operation regardless of age. 3. All patients undergoing major surgery with a history of previous thromboembolic disease regardless of age.During this last two-year period only 3 patients died of fatal postoperative PE. The difference between 15 fatal PE in the non-dextran and 3 in the dextran group was significant, P 0.05. A comparable number of surgical operations were performed during each year of the eight-year period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document