Prevalence of scabies in Sanma Province, Vanuatu

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 500-502
Author(s):  
Jack Callum ◽  
Duin McDiarmid ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Mark Armstrong ◽  
Edna Iavro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Household Factors ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Scabies is a common, under-reported condition in the Pacific with acute and chronic complications. In this study we explored the prevalence of scabies in Sanma Province, Vanuatu. Methods We randomly selected 30 villages from nine government zones across three islands and examined residents present within these villages for scabies. Bivariate analysis and multilevel models were conducted to investigate associated demographic and household factors. Results Of 1879 participants examined, 563 had scabies (30%, 95% CI 27.9 to 32.1) with the highest prevalence in children aged 6–10 y (38.8%, 95% CI 33.9 to 44). Conclusions Scabies is a significant issue in Sanma with very high prevalence in children.

scholarly journals Association between Streptococcus mutans levels and severity of caries in Ecuadorian schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Ivonne Ordóñez ◽  
Doris Calderón ◽  
José Aguilar ◽  
Mónica Tello ◽  
Deniss Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Very High

Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious and communicable disease, and Streptococcus mutans is the key microorganism related to this pathology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the levels of Streptococcus mutans and caries in schoolchildren. Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on 100 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years from the Unidad Educativa Checa Cuenca, Ecuador. ICDAS index and odontogram were used to measure the prevalence and severity of caries. For the identification and quantification of Streptococcus mutans , dental plaque samples were used for cultivation and biochemical tests (MicroScan). The results were analyzed statistically using absolute and relative frequencies, for bivariate analysis Chi-squared test and Fisher’s Test ( p <0.05) were used. 96% of the schoolchildren presented dental caries, 69% of them were children aged 8 to 10 years, the prevalence of caries was higher in females reaching 57%. High (60,000UFC/ml) and very high (70,000UFC/ml) levels of Streptococcus mutans were found on schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years reaching 22% and 8%, respectively ( p =0.005). Regarding sex, high (60,000UFC/ml) as well as very low (0- 20,000UFC/ml) levels of Streptococcus mutans appeared without difference by sex ( p = 0.355). Schoolchildren without caries presented a low count of Streptococcus mutans (0 -20,000 UFC/ml), children with caries presented variable levels of Streptococcus mutans , although higher than 20,000UFC/ml ( p <0.001). Conclusion: there is a high prevalence of caries in the school population with high levels of Streptococcus mutans. 

HIGH PREVALENCE OF MALNUTRITON AND WORM INFECTION AMONG VAN KIEU AND PAKOH CHILDREN AGED 12-36 MONTHS IN DAKRONG DISTRICT, QUANG TRI PROVINCE

2012 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Thi Lan Tran ◽  
Thi Huong Le ◽  
Xuan Ninh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Group Recommendation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

Objectives: Assess the nutritional status, worm infection status and some related factors among children aged 12-36 months of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Subject and method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 2010, in 680 children aged 12-36 months in 4 communes of Dakrong district, Quang Tri province. Results: The malnutrition rate was 55.0% for underweight, 66.5% for stunting and 16.2% for wasting. The prevalence of malnutrition increases by age group. The prevalence of worm infection was 31.6%, the highest prevalence was belong to Ascaris infection (24.6%), followed by Hookworm and Trichuris (6.5% and 6.2%, respectively). The prevalence of worm infection among children under two is very high (27.0%). The prevalence of worm infection was distributed quite equally between the malnutrition children group and normal children group. Recommendation: Early deworming forchildren from 12 months should be considered as important strategy against the malnutrition of children in Dakrong district, Quang Tri province

Biological Parameters of Three Populations of Triatoma dimidiata s. s. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) From Western Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Nogueda-Torres ◽  
Oziel D Montañez-Valdez ◽  
J G Michel-Parra ◽  
Diana M Martínez-Grant ◽  
J Alejandro Martínez-Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Abstract Chagas disease is a very important vector-borne disease in México, and Triatoma dimidiata sensu stricto (Latreille) is one of the most important vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, mainly in southern and central states. In the Pacific Coast states with the highest prevalence of human T. cruzi infection, T. dimidiata s. s. is considered as a secondary vector. However, the vectorial capacity of those populations has not been studied. Therefore, the vector characteristics of three populations of T. dimidiata s. s. in western México were evaluated in this study. The populations were maintained in the laboratory at 27 ± 1°C and 75% ± 5% RH with a 12:12 h (light:dark) regime, fed on rabbits in a fortnight basis. The development times were short (172–238 d), and the number of bloodmeals to molt was low (11). Mortality was moderate (36–45%), the onset of feeding was relatively rapid (0.5–1.7 min), and feedings were extended (&gt;15 min). More than 40% of individuals in most instars defecated in one of three categories: &lt;1 min when feeding (5–37.9%), immediately after feeding (9–28.6%), or in &lt;1 min post feeding (7–25.8%). The median number of laid eggs was high (over 2.5) in the three populations, as were the egg eclosion rates (&gt;86%). Thus, the T. dimidiata s. s. in the three populations are potentially efficient vectors of T. cruzi and could contribute to the high prevalence of infection in human populations in western México.

scholarly journals Prevalence of back pain among high school students in a municipality in southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Detsch Fonseca ◽  
Cláudia Tarragô Candotti ◽  
Matias Noll ◽  
Anna Maria Hecker Luz ◽  
Antônio Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of back pain in adolescent girls, and determine whether this pain is associated with socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric, and behavioral factors. Methods: This was an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of 495 female high school students, aged 14 to 18 years, in the municipality of São Leopoldo in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with closed, standardized, coded, and tested questions. Bivariate analysis included the chi-square test (x2) and calculation of prevalence ratios (α<0.05). Results: The prevalence of back pain was 75.2%. The thoracic-lumbar (30.4%) and lumbar (27.7%) regions of the spine were most affected. Among the students with pain, 60.5% reported the severity of their pain to be moderate to severe, and 21.2% reported that the pain prevented them from performing activities of daily living. Regarding associated factors, the pain was more prevalent in overweight/obese students (RP = 1.246, 95% CI: 1.137 to 1.366), who reported carrying a heavy school backpack/bag (PR = 1.187, 95% CI: 1.073 to 1.314) and those who had incorrect posture when picking up objects from the floor (PR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.031 to 1.256). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of back pain associated with body mass index, reported weight of the student's school backpack/bag, and posture when picking up objects from the floor.

scholarly journals A very high prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Kosovo: a nationwide study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xhevat Jakupi ◽  
Jana Mlakar ◽  
Maja M. Lunar ◽  
Katja Seme ◽  
Ibrahim Rudhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Study of Lipid Profile in Metabolic Syndrome Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Pinky Karam ◽  
B. Shanthi ◽  
Kalai Selvi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Very High

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic abnormalities in which the chance of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease are high. Aim: It aims at studying the lipid abnormalities in metabolic syndrome patients. Methods: Total of 100 metabolic syndrome patients were selected for study over a period of 1year. These patients were selected based on the criteria for metabolic syndrome as established by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Demographic data were taken and biochemical parameters were estimated by standard guideline. Results: Total cholesterol is significantly higher in very high risk (272.1 ± 8.591) compared to high risk (241.2 ± 3.901) and moderate risk (231.5 ± 4.498). TGL is significantly higher in very high risk (263.9 ± 13.70) compared to high risk (202.1 ± 6.531) and moderate risk (183.7 ± 7.650). HDL is almost same in very high risk (43.09 ± 1.533), high risk (40.44 ± 0.996) and moderate risk (42.53 ± 1.088). LDL is significantly higher in very high risk (177.9 ± 4.255) and high risk (169.4 ± 3.190) compared to moderate risk (155.7 ± 3.098). VLDL is significantly higher in very high risk (52.78 ± 2.739) compared to high risk (40.43 ± 1.306) and moderate risk (36.73 ± 1.530). CHO: HDL is significantly higher in very high risk (6.648 ± 0.366) compared to moderate risk (5.560 ± 0.207). High risk (6.060 ± 0.156) is not significantly different from very high risk and moderate risk. Thus, TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL, and CHO: HDL is significant as p value < 0.05 while HDL did not have any significance as p value > 0.05. Conclusion: In this study, high prevalence of dyslipidaemia is seen. So, timely diagnosis and treatment will help in detecting dyslipidaemia patients in future.

scholarly journals Prevalence of carotid and femoral artery atherosclerosis among the Ivanovo Oblast population: data from the ATEROGEN-Ivanovo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 2994
Author(s):  
A. I. Ershova ◽  
T. V. Balakhonova ◽  
A. N. Meshkov ◽  
V. A. Kutsenko ◽  
E. B. Yarovaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Very High ◽  
Low Cardiovascular Risk

Aim. To study the prevalence of carotid (CA) and femoral artery (FA) atherosclerosis among Russian population, mainly in middle age group, using a representative sample of one of the Central Russian regions.Material and methods. The analysis included participants of the ATEROGEN-Ivanovo study (sub-study of the ESSE-RF conducted in the Ivanovo region) aged 40-67 years, who were invited for CA and FA ultrasound to assess plaque presence. A total 1102 people were examined, which was >80% of the original sample.Results. The age of subjects was 54 [48; 60] years (men, 28%). Only 11,2% of participants took statins; 30,9% had low cardiovascular risk (CVR), 35,6% — moderate CVR, 21,8% — high CVR, and 11,8% — very high CVR. The incidence of at least one plaque in CA or FA was 73,6%. The prevalence of CA atherosclerosis was 76,4% in men and 59,1% in women, FA atherosclerosis — 54,9% and 28,3%, respectively. Furthermore, plaques were detected already at the age of 40. The incidence of plaques significantly increased with age, with the exception of carotid atherosclerosis in men, a significant increase in the incidence of which stopped at 45 years of age.Conclusion. Among the Ivanovo population aged 40-67 with a predominance of low-to-moderate CVR patients, there is a high prevalence of carotid and femoral atherosclerosis, which indicates a high potential for using ultrasound for diagnosing subclinical atherosclerosis in assessing CVR in people of this age range.

scholarly journals 490. High Prevalence of Rectal Carriage of blaKPC –Mediated Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Among Community Food Handlers in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S239-S239
Author(s):  
Noura Al-Sweih ◽  
Ola Moghnai ◽  
Vincent O Rotimi
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Very High ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Background Carbapenemases are diverse enzymes which inactivate the carbapenems. KPC-producing carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have disseminated to many regions in the world, however, anecdotal reports of KPC-producing CPE in some GCC countries excluding Kuwait. In this study we report the first emergence of the KPC producing CPE isolated from healthy food handlers in our community. Methods Rectal swabs were collected from 405 food handlers. Isolates were identified by VITEK 2 and their susceptibility to 21 antibiotics performed by MIC determination using Etest. Genes encoding carbapenemase production were characterized by PCR and clonality of isolates was determined by MLST. Results A total of 36 CPE were isolated from 31 participants, of which 15 (41.7%) were Escherichia coli and 8 (22.2%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin and tigecycline but an alarmingly high percentage (38.9%) were non-susceptible to colistin. A very high proportion of the CPE harbored blaKPC (58.3%), followed by blaOXA-48 (25%), blaNDM (5.6%) and blaVIM (2.8%). Carbapenemases were co-produced with ESBLs in 30.6% of the isolates. Sequencing of the KPC revealed that KPC-18 represented 45%, KPC-2 36% and KPC-29 18%. Considerable genetic diversity among the isolates was identified by MLST assays demonstrating the emergence of new clones. Five diverse new CPE clones were detected from three Bangladeshi citizens and 2 Indians. Conclusion Our finding demonstrates a relatively high colonization rate (8.9%) of healthy food handlers by CPE of which KPC-producing CPE were predominant; this is an unusual finding in Kuwait representing the first of such findings in our country and GCC. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Virus-Like Particle Production in Atmospheric Eubacteria Isolates

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teigell-Perez ◽  
Gonzalez-Martin ◽  
Valladares ◽  
Smith ◽  
Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge

Culturable eubacterial isolates were collected at various altitudes in Earth’s atmosphere, including ~1.5 m above ground in Tallahassee, FL, USA; ~10.0 m above sea level over the mid-Atlantic ridge (~15° N); ~ 20 km above ground over the continental United States; ~20 km above sea level over the Pacific Ocean near southern California; and from the atmosphere of Carlsbad Cavern, Carlsbad Cavern National Park, NM, USA. Isolates were screened for the presence of inducible virus-like particles (VLP) through the use of mitomycin C and epifluorescent direct counts. We determined that 92.7% of the isolates carried inducible VLP counts in exposed versus non-exposed culture controls and that the relationship was statistically significant. Further statistical analyses revealed that the number of isolates that demonstrated VLP production did not vary among collection sites. These data demonstrate a high prevalence of VLP generation in isolates collected in the lower atmosphere and at extreme altitudes. They also show that species of eubacteria that are resistant to the rigors of atmospheric transport play a significant role in long-range atmospheric inter- and intra-continental dispersion of VLP and that long-range atmospheric transport of VLP may enhance rates of evolution at the microbial scale in receiving environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document