scholarly journals Multiple Phytohormone Signals Control the Transcriptional Response to Soybean Aphid Infestation in Susceptible and Resistant Soybean Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Studham ◽  
Gustavo C. MacIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Phloem Feeding ◽  
Susceptible Response

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) is a major phloem-feeding pest of soybean (Glycine max). A. glycines feeding can cause the diversion of photosynthates and transmission of plant viruses, resulting in significant yield losses. In this study, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to characterize the long-term transcriptional response to soybean aphid colonization of two related soybean cultivars, one with the Rag1 aphid-resistance gene and one aphid-susceptible cultivar (without Rag1). Transcriptome profiles were determined after 1 and 7 days of aphid infestation. Our results revealed a susceptible response involving hundreds of transcripts, whereas only one transcript changed in the resistant response to aphids. This nonexistent resistance response might be explained by the fact that many defense-related transcripts are constitutively expressed in resistant plants, whereas these same genes are activated in susceptible plants only during aphid infestation. Analysis of phytohormone-related transcripts in the susceptible response showed different hormone profiles for the two time points, and suggest that aphids are able to suppress hormone signals in susceptible plants. A significant activation of abscissic acid, normally associated with abiotic stress responses, at day 7, might be a decoy strategy implemented by the aphid to suppress effective salicylic acid- and jasmonate-related defenses.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Responses to Sequential Nutrient Deficiency Stresses in Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Jamie A. O’Rourke ◽  
Michelle A. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soybean Plants

Throughout the growing season, crops experience a multitude of short periods of various abiotic stresses. These stress events have long-term impacts on plant performance and yield. It is imperative to improve our understanding of the genes and biological processes underlying plant stress tolerance to mitigate end of season yield loss. The majority of studies examining transcriptional changes induced by stress focus on single stress events. Few studies have been performed in model or crop species to examine transcriptional responses of plants exposed to repeated or sequential stress exposure, which better reflect field conditions. In this study, we examine the transcriptional profile of soybean plants exposed to iron deficiency stress followed by phosphate deficiency stress (-Fe-Pi). Comparing this response to previous studies, we identified a core suite of genes conserved across all repeated stress exposures (-Fe-Pi, -Fe-Fe, -Pi-Pi). Additionally, we determined transcriptional response to sequential stress exposure (-Fe-Pi) involves genes usually associated with reproduction, not stress responses. These findings highlight the plasticity of the plant transcriptome and the complexity of unraveling stress response pathways.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas syringae Effector AvrPphB Suppresses AvrB-Induced Activation of RPM1 but Not AvrRpm1-Induced Activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 727-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Russell ◽  
Tom Ashfield ◽  
Roger W. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Soybean Plants

The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB triggers a hypersensitive resistance response in Arabidopsis and soybean plants expressing the disease resistance (R) proteins RPM1 and Rpg1b, respectively. In Arabidopsis, AvrB induces RPM1-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) to phosphorylate a disease regulator known as RIN4, which subsequently activates RPM1-mediated defenses. Here, we show that AvrPphB can suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrB and this suppression is correlated with the cleavage of RIPK by AvrPphB. Significantly, AvrPphB does not suppress activation of RPM1 by AvrRpm1, suggesting that RIPK is not required for AvrRpm1-induced modification of RIN4. This observation indicates that AvrB and AvrRpm1 recognition is mediated by different mechanisms in Arabidopsis, despite their recognition being determined by a single R protein. Moreover, AvrB recognition but not AvrRpm1 recognition is suppressed by AvrPphB in soybean, suggesting that AvrB recognition requires a similar molecular mechanism in soybean and Arabidopsis. In support of this, we found that phosphodeficient mutations in the soybean GmRIN4a and GmRIN4b proteins are sufficient to block Rpg1b-mediated hypersensitive response in transient assays in Nicotiana glutinosa. Taken together, our results indicate that AvrB and AvrPphB target a conserved defense signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and soybean that includes RIPK and RIN4.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Histone Deacetylase Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Peng Jin ◽  
Shiqi Gao ◽  
Long He ◽  
Miaoze Xu ◽  
Tianye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Gene Family Evolution ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Wheat Yellow Mosaic Virus

Histone acetylation is a dynamic modification process co-regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Although HDACs play vital roles in abiotic or biotic stress responses, their members in Triticumaestivum and their response to plant viruses remain unknown. Here, we identified and characterized 49 T. aestivumHDACs (TaHDACs) at the whole-genome level. Based on phylogenetic analyses, TaHDACs could be divided into 5 clades, and their protein spatial structure was integral and conserved. Chromosomal location and synteny analyses showed that TaHDACs were widely distributed on wheat chromosomes, and gene duplication has accelerated the TaHDAC gene family evolution. The cis-acting element analysis indicated that TaHDACs were involved in hormone response, light response, abiotic stress, growth, and development. Heatmaps analysis of RNA-sequencing data showed that TaHDAC genes were involved in biotic or abiotic stress response. Selected TaHDACs were differentially expressed in diverse tissues or under varying temperature conditions. All selected TaHDACs were significantly upregulated following infection with the barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV), and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), suggesting their involvement in response to viral infections. Furthermore, TaSRT1-silenced contributed to increasing wheat resistance against CWMV infection. In summary, these findings could help deepen the understanding of the structure and characteristics of the HDAC gene family in wheat and lay the foundation for exploring the function of TaHDACs in plants resistant to viral infections.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Response of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates to Ciprofloxacin Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Roman Farooq Alvi ◽  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool ◽  
Saima Muzammil ◽  
Abu Baker Siddique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
High Level

Background. The term “persisters” refers to a small bacterial population that persists during treatment with high antibiotic concentration or dose in the absence of genetic resistance. The present study was designed to investigate the transcriptional response in indigenous Klebsiella pneumoniae under the ciprofloxacin stress. Methods. Isolation and identification of K. pneumoniae were carried out through standard microbiological protocols. The characterization of quinolone resistance was performed by estimating the quinolone susceptibility testing, MIC estimation, and detecting the QRDR and PMQR. Transcriptional response of the isolates to ciprofloxacin was determined using qPCR. Results. Among 34 isolates, 23 (67%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Both QRDR (gyrA and gyrB) and PMQR (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) were detected in the isolates, and all were found resistant to ciprofloxacin. The mRNA levels of both mutS and euTu under the influence of ciprofloxacin were significantly increased. On ciprofloxacin exposure, the mRNA levels of the DNA damage response element (mutS) were raised in a time-dependent fashion. K. pneumoniae showed high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in the presence of mutations in QRDR and PMQR genes. Conclusion. The transcriptional response revealed the upregulation of DNA repair and protein folding elements (mutS and euTu) in ciprofloxacin stress and delayed cell division. The ciprofloxacin was found to trigger various stress responses in a time- and concentration-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and analysis of cystatin family genes in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10617
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Xinhao Liu ◽  
Qingmei Wang ◽  
Junyan Sun ◽  
Dexian He
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Cystatin Family

To set a systematic study of the Sorghum cystatins (SbCys) gene family, a genome-wide analysis of the SbCys family genes was performed by bioinformatics-based methods. In total, 18 SbCys genes were identified in Sorghum, which were distributed unevenly on chromosomes, and two genes were involved in a tandem duplication event. All SbCys genes had similar exon/intron structure and motifs, indicating their high evolutionary conservation. Transcriptome analysis showed that 16 SbCys genes were expressed in different tissues, and most genes displayed higher expression levels in reproductive tissues than in vegetative tissues, indicating that the SbCys genes participated in the regulation of seed formation. Furthermore, the expression profiles of the SbCys genes revealed that seven cystatin family genes were induced during Bipolaris sorghicola infection and only two genes were responsive to aphid infestation. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) confirmed that 17 SbCys genes were induced by one or two abiotic stresses (dehydration, salt, and ABA stresses). The interaction network indicated that SbCys proteins were associated with several biological processes, including seed development and stress responses. Notably, the expression of SbCys4 was up-regulated under biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting its potential roles in mediating the responses of Sorghum to adverse environmental impact. Our results provide new insights into the structural and functional characteristics of the SbCys gene family, which lay the foundation for better understanding the roles and regulatory mechanism of Sorghum cystatins in seed development and responses to different stress conditions.

scholarly journals Allium Sativum Leaf Agglutinin (ASAL) Endowed Enhanced Resistance Against Myzus Persicae under Both Constitutive and Phloem Specific Promoters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noroza Umer ◽  
Rubab Zahra Naqvi ◽  
Imran Rauf ◽  
Naveed Anjum ◽  
Hamid Anees Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco Plants ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Plant Transformation Vector

Abstract Globally, aphid, Myzus persicae is an economically significant, polyphagous crop pest that feeds on more than 400 plant species and transmits more than 100 plant viruses. Aphid infestation is mostly managed by insecticides that cause heavy environmental contamination and insect resistance. Cloning of plant derived insecticidal genes to develop transgenic plants under suitable promoter is a promising technology. In the present study, ASAL (MN820725) was isolated from native garlic and cloned in plant transformation vector, pGA482 through Agrobacterium mediated tobacco transformation. PCR of genomic DNA of transgenic tobacco plants using gene specific primers confirmed the presence of asal gene of 546 bp. To detect the integration of gene Southern blot analysis was conducted that revealed stable integration of asal gene while, gene expression was analyzed through qRT-PCR that showed variable expression of asal gene in transgenic tobacco plants. Efficacy of asal gene was evaluated through aphid bioassay. Aphid bioassay revealed that transgenic tobacco lines LS-17, LS-20, LR-1, and LR-7 exhibited 100% aphid mortality and significantly reduced the aphid population. These findings suggested the potential of ASAL against aphids that can be further used against other notorious sap sucking pests.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Soybean (Glycine max) and Expression of Chimeric Rabies Peptide in Virus-Infected Soybean Plants

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Fleysh ◽  
Deepali Deka ◽  
Maria Drath ◽  
Hilary Koprowski ◽  
Vidadi Yusibov
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Soybean Plants

Infection of soybean (Glycine max) plants inoculated with particles of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) isolate 425 at 12 days after germination was monitored throughout the life cycle of the plant (vegetative growth, flowering, seed formation, and seed maturation) by western blot analysis of tissue samples. At 8 to 10 days after inoculation, the upper uninoculated leaves showed symptoms of virus infection and accumulation of viral coat protein (CP). Virus CP was detectable in leaves, stem, roots, seedpods, and seed coat up to 45 days postinoculation (dpi), but only in the seedpod and seed coat at 65 dpi. No virus accumulation was detected in embryos and cotyledons at any time during infection, and no seed transmission of virus was observed. Soybean plants inoculated with recombinant AlMV passaged from upper uninoculated leaves of infected plants showed accumulation of full-length chimeric AlMV CP containing rabies antigen in systemically infected leaves and seed coat. These results suggest the potential usefulness of plants and plant viruses as vehicles for producing proteins of biomedical importance in a safe and inexpensive manner. Moreover, even the soybean seed coat, treated as waste tissue during conventional processing for oil and other products, may be utilized for the expression of value-added proteins.

scholarly journals Deficiency in the double-stranded RNA binding protein HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 increases sensitivity to the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer tunicamycin in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikako Hirata ◽  
Kei-ichiro Mishiba ◽  
Nozomu Koizumi ◽  
Yuji Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objective microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression by sequence-dependent binding to protein-coding mRNA in eukaryotic cells. In plants, miRNA plays important roles in a plethora of physiological processes, including abiotic and biotic stress responses. The present study was conducted to investigate whether miRNA-mediated regulation is important for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in Arabidopsis. Results We found that hyl1 mutant plants are more sensitive to tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation that causes ER stress than wild-type plants. Other miRNA-related mutants, se and ago1, exhibited similar sensitivity to the wild-type, indicating that the hypersensitive phenotype is attributable to the loss-of-function of HYL1, rather than deficiency in general miRNA biogenesis and function. However, the transcriptional response of select ER stress-responsive genes in hyl1 mutant plants was indistinguishable from that of wild-type plants, suggesting that the loss-of-function of HYL1 does not affect the ER stress signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Soybean Aphid Infestation Induces Changes in Fatty Acid Metabolism in Soybean

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0145660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kanobe ◽  
Michael T. McCarville ◽  
Matthew E. O’Neal ◽  
Gregory L. Tylka ◽  
Gustavo C. MacIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Characterization of the xenobiotic response of Caenorhabditis elegans to the anthelmintic drug albendazole and the identification of novel drug glucoside metabolites

2010 ◽  
Vol 432 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. Laing ◽  
Al Ivens ◽  
Roz Laing ◽  
Sai Ravikumar ◽  
Victoria Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Minimal Importance ◽  
Xenobiotic Response ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Anthelmintic Drugs

Knowledge of how anthelmintics are metabolized and excreted in nematodes is an integral part of understanding the factors that determine their potency, spectrum of activity and for investigating mechanisms of resistance. Although there is remarkably little information on these processes in nematodes, it is often suggested that they are of minimal importance for the major anthelmintic drugs. Consequently, we have investigated how the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans responds to and metabolizes albendazole, one of the most important anthelmintic drugs for human and animal use. Using a mutant strain lacking the β-tubulin drug target to minimize generalized stress responses, we show that the transcriptional response is dominated by genes encoding XMEs (xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes), particularly cytochrome P450s and UGTs (UDP-glucuronosyl transferases). The most highly induced genes are predominantly expressed in the worm intestine, supporting their role in drug metabolism. HPLC-MS/MS revealed the production of two novel glucoside metabolites in C. elegans identifying a major difference in the biotransformation of this drug between nematodes and mammals. This is the first demonstration of metabolism of a therapeutic anthelmintic in C. elegans and provides a framework for its use to functionally investigate nematode anthelmintic metabolism.

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