Occurrence of Late Leaf Rust Caused by Pucciniastrum americanum in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Entre Ríos, Argentina

In the fall of 2003, severity of late leaf rust in leaves and fruits of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) reached 50% in Buenos Aires (Azul, Baradero, Capilla del Señor, Gral. Rodríguez, Mar del Plata, and Tandil), Córdoba (Villa de Las Rosas), and Entre Ríos (Concordia). The south of Argentina, Río Negro (El Bolsón), and Chubut (El Hoyo, Lago Puelo) remained rust free. The abaxial side of the field infected leaves had pustules filled with masses of yellow spores. Chlorotic areas corresponded in the adaxial side. Urediospores were vacuum harvested from field infected leaves collected in the Tandil area and placed onto a healthy 1-year-old greenhouse-grown plant (cv. Heritage). Spores from a single pustule were increased on plants of the same cultivar. Spores were studied with optic and electronic microscopy. Uredial ostiolar cells were warted, laterally free, and constricted in the middle. The obovoid, echinulate urediospores, from infected leaves averaged 24 × 16 μm (16 to 30 × 11 to 21 μm). Morphological characteristics and spore measurements agreed with those reported for Pucciniastrum americanum (1). Urediniospores were suspended in mineral oil and sprayed onto three raspberry cultivars that were maintained in a darkened mist chamber at 20°C for 48 h and the transferred to a 20°C and 12-h light cycle chamber. Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. There were three replicate plants of each treatment. After 11 days, large sporulating uredia (0.5 mm) were produced on inoculated leaves of cv. Autumn Bliss and smaller uredia (0.1 to 0.3 mm) were produced on cv. Heritage. There were necrotic flecks and the least and smallest uredia were produced on cv. Himbo Queen. No symptoms were present in control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. americanum causing disease on raspberry in Argentina. Reference: (1) G. F. Laundon and A. F. Rainbow. Pucciniastrum americanum. No. 210 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, England, 1969.

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First Report of Blueberry Botrytis Blight in Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba, Argentina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-5-0639c ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 639-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. Vasquez ◽

J. A. Baldomá ◽

E. R. Wright ◽

A. Pérez ◽

M. Divo de Sesar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Distilled Water ◽

First Report ◽

Conidial State ◽

Entre Rios

Since 2003, a new field disease has been observed on several cultivars of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Buenos Aires (Baradero, Colonia Urquiza, Lima, Mercedes, and San Pedro), Entre Ríos (Concordia, Gualeguaychú, and Larroque), and Córdoba (Capilla del Monte and La Cumbre). Infected flowers turned brown to tan with a water-soaked appearance and shriveled up. Blighted flowers typically did not produce fruits; even an entire cluster of berries could be aborted. A chlorotic area, that later became necrotic and turned light brown, developed when leaves were in contact with blighted flowers. A watery rot developed on fruit occasionally before harvest but more generally after harvest. Infected tender green twigs also became blighted, with leaf tissue becoming brown to black. Older twigs and stems were also blighted. Abundant, gray mycelium with conidial masses developed on all affected tissues under moist conditions. Sections of infected leaves, twigs, stems, flowers, and fruits were surfaced sterilized with 0.2% NaOCl, plated on 2% potato dextrose agar (pH 7), and incubated at 22°C. Pure cultures formed a whitish dense mycelial mat and turned gray after 72 h. Conidia were ellipsoid, hyaline, nonseptate, and formed on botryose heads. They ranged from 5.8 to 9 × 8.1 to 13.7 μm (average 8.6 × 10.2 μm). Black, round, and irregular microsclerotia developed on 7-day-old cultures with an average size of 1.1 × 1.7 mm. Morphological characteristics agree with those described for Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr (1). Pathogenicity was tested on 10 12-month-old potted blueberry plants cv. O'Neal by spraying a suspension of 1 × 106 conidia per ml of sterile distilled water. Ten plants used as controls were sprayed with sterile distilled water. Each plant was covered with a transparent polyethylene bag for 48 h and incubated at 20 ± 2°C in humid chambers for 15 days. Lesions similar to those observed in the fields developed after 4 days and asexual fructifications developed after 5 days. The same pathogen was reisolated from the lesions, thus completing Koch's postulates. Water-treated plants remained symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a disease caused by B. cinerea on blueberry in Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Entre Ríos provinces of Argentina. References: (1) M. V. Ellis and J. M. Waller. Sclerotinia fuckeliana (conidial state: Botrytis cinerea) No. 431 in: Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, UK, 1974.

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Fruit Morphology and Fruit Strength in a Seedling Population of Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.3.294 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 294-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JoAnn Robbins ◽

Patrick P. Moore

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Fruit Morphology ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Cavity Depth ◽

Individual Weight ◽

The Cross

Weight and morphological characteristics of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit, including drupelets (height, diameter, number), receptacle cavities (depth, diameter), and pits (individual weight), were measured on 78 seedlings from the cross `Chief' × `Chilliwack'. Fruit strength, as measured by compression, correlated with fruit weight, drupelet number, receptacle cavity depth, and individual pit weight. Fruit weight was positively correlated with all morphological characteristics. Individual pit weight, drupelet height, and drupelet number provided the largest component contributions to fruit strength as measured by path analysis.

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Relationship of Fruit Morphology and Weight to Fruit Strength in `Meeker' Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.6.679 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 679-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

JoAnn Robbins ◽

Patrick P. Moore

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Fruit Morphology ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Cavity Depth ◽

Individual Weight ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Fruit weight and morphological characteristics of `Meeker' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruit, including drupelets (height, diameter, number), receptacle cavities (depth, diameter), and pits (individual weight) were measured five times in 1988. Fruit strength, as measured by compression, was recorded. The relationship of fro-it weight to fruit strength had linear and quadratic components. Fruit weight was correlated with fruit strength, drupelet height and number, receptacle cavity depth and diameter, and individual pit weight. Besides fruit weight, fruit strength was correlated with drupelet diameter and number, receptacle cavity depth, and individual pit weight. Drupelet number, receptacle cavity depth, and individual pit weight provided the largest component contribution to fruit strength, as determined by path analysis.

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First Report of Races 11 and 12 of Cercospora sojina, the Causal Agent of Soybean Frogeye Leaf Spot, in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-12-0154-pdn ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 1067-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Scandiani ◽

M. Ferri ◽

B. Ferrari ◽

N. Formento ◽

M. Carmona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Light Cycle ◽

Santa Fe ◽

Cercospora Sojina ◽

First Report ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Frogeye Leaf Spot ◽

Entre Rios

During the growing seasons of 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010, severe outbreaks of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) frogeye leaf spot, a disease caused by Cercospora sojina Hara, occurred in several areas in Argentina (1). Two surveys were conducted in soybean fields, one in 2008 that included the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santa Fe, and another that was performed in 2009 in the same provinces plus three others: Entre Ríos, Santiago del Estero, and Tucumán. In both surveys, plants presented circular lesions with reddish brown-to-gray spots and bordered by typical, narrow, reddish purple margins (3). To promote sporulation and to enable identification of the causal agent, leaves of diseased plants were collected and placed in a moist chamber for 24 h with a 12-h light cycle at 25°C. Conidia were plated on potato dextrose agar medium amended with streptomycin and were incubated at 25°C and 12 h of fluorescent light. Isolated cultures sporulated in 10 days and, on the basis of their morphology, were identified as C. sojina. A total of 147 isolates were deposited at the Culture Collection of CEREMIC (Centro de Referencia de Micología). They produced one- to nine-septate hyaline, elongate to fusiform conidia that measured 54.9 ± 16.2 × 5.7 ± 1.0 μm. Six isolates of C. sojina, each representing a province, were inoculated on a set of 12 differential soybean cultivars: Lee, Davis, Hood, Richland, Lincoln, Kent, Tracy, S 100, Palmetto, Peking, CNS, and Blackhawk (2). Fifteen plants of each differential were sprayed at V3 growth stage with a suspension of 6 × 104 conidia/ml. The test was conducted twice in a complete randomized design with three replicates. Control plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water. After inoculation, plants were placed in a greenhouse bench humidity chamber at 26 to 28°C for 72 h. Disease was rated 14 days after inoculation; plants with numerous lesions were considered susceptible and each of the 15 plants was given a score of 1. Plants with small or no lesions were classified as resistant and given a score of 0. Control plants remained healthy. The pathogen was reisolated from symptomatic plants and morphological characteristics were consistent with C. sojina. Based on the response of the differentials to each isolate and on the race designations, the isolates from Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Santa Fe, and Tucumán belong to race 11, while those from Santiago del Estero and Entre Ríos province to race 12. The finding of these two races threatening soybean cultivars in Argentina may be indicative of additional races. Thus, the incorporation of multiple resistance genes may reduce the impact of the disease on soybean. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of races of C. sojina in Argentina. References: (1) M. A. Carmona et al. Plant Dis. 93:966, 2009. (2) M. A. R. Mian et al. Crop Sci. 48:14, 2008. (3) D.V. Phillips. Page 20 in: Compendium of Soybean Diseases. 4th ed. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 1999.

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La esperanza-desesperanza y el manejo de la agresividad en estudiantes universitarios de Puerto Rico y de Argentina: un estudio transcultural

RIEE | Revista Internacional de Estudios en Educación ◽

10.37354/riee.2001.008 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 99-111

Author(s):

Mario Pereyra ◽

Jorge Bruno

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Entre Rios ◽

Estudiantes Universitarios

Se investiga la esperanza-desesperanza y las respuestas ante el agravio, en tres muestras de estudiantes universitarios, de dos diferentes países —Puerto Rico (n = 103) y la Argentina (n = 226)—, y de diferentes contextos culturales (Centro y Norteamérica, Buenos Aires y Entre Ríos) a fin de comparar si la estructuración del tiempo y el manejo de la agresividad están mediatizados por la cultura o, como presupone la literatura, constituyen dimensiones intrínsecas de la personalidad.

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Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.468b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 468b-468

Author(s):

Stephen F. Klauer ◽

J. Scott Cameron ◽

Chuhe Chen

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Light Interception ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Leaf Physiology ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

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Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Examining the Genomics Controlling Prickle Production in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Archana Khadgi ◽

Courtney A. Weber

Keyword(s):

Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genomic Region ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Genotype By Sequencing

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an expanding high-value berry crop worldwide. The presence of prickles, outgrowths of epidermal tissues lacking vasculature, on the canes, petioles, and undersides of leaves complicates both field management and harvest. The utilization of cultivars with fewer prickles or prickle-free canes simplifies production. A previously generated population segregating for prickles utilizing the s locus between the prickle-free cultivar Joan J (ss) and the prickled cultivar Caroline (Ss) was analyzed to identify the genomic region associated with prickle development in red raspberry. Genotype by sequencing (GBS) was combined with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) to analyze 8474 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify significant markers associated with the prickle-free trait. A total of four SNPs were identified on chromosome 4 that were associated with the phenotype and were located near or in annotated genes. This study demonstrates how association genetics can be used to decipher the genetic control of important horticultural traits in Rubus, and provides valuable information about the genomic region and potential genes underlying the prickle-free trait.

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Combining QTL Mapping and Gene Expression Analysis to Elucidate the Genetic Control of ‘Crumbly’ Fruit in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11040794 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 794

Author(s):

Luca M. Scolari ◽

Robert D. Hancock ◽

Pete E. Hedley ◽

Jenny Morris ◽

Kay Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Control ◽

Developmental Disorder ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Microarray Experiment ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Genotype By Sequencing ◽

First Time ◽

Selection Of

‘Crumbly’ fruit is a developmental disorder in raspberry that results in malformed and unsaleable fruits. For the first time, we define two distinct crumbly phenotypes as part of this work. A consistent crumbly fruit phenotype affecting the majority of fruits every season, which we refer to as crumbly fruit disorder (CFD) and a second phenotype where symptoms vary across seasons as malformed fruit disorder (MFD). Here, segregation of crumbly fruit of the MFD phenotype was examined in a full-sib family and three QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were identified on a high density GbS (Genotype by Sequencing) linkage map. This included a new QTL and more accurate location of two previously identified QTLs. A microarray experiment using normal and crumbly fruit at three different developmental stages identified several genes that were differentially expressed between the crumbly and non-crumbly phenotypes within the three QTL. Analysis of gene function highlighted the importance of processes that compromise ovule fertilization as triggers of crumbly fruit. These candidate genes provided insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the genetic control of crumbly fruit in red raspberry. This study will contribute to new breeding strategies and diagnostics through the selection of molecular markers associated with the crumbly trait.

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Tendencias del estudio Las prácticas de enseñanza de los docentes de educación secundaria

Diálogos Pedagógicos ◽

10.22529/dp.2021.19(37)06 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 76-95

Author(s):

Horacio Ademar Ferreyra ◽

Ana Rua

Keyword(s):

Buenos Aires ◽

Entre Rios

Entre 2016 y 2018, los integrantes del Equipo de Investigación de Educación de Adolescentes y Jóvenes de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba (UCC), Unidad Asociada del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), asumimos la tarea de concretar la investigación Las prácticas de enseñanza de los docentes de educación secundaria. Un estudio en las provincias de Córdoba, Buenos Aires y Entre Ríos, República Argentina. Completado el período de indagación, presentamos este artículo cuyos propósitos son los siguientes: -reseñar los veintidós documentos producidos agrupados en cuatro tipos que se corresponden con las etapas de desarrollo de la investigación: definiciones conceptuales y metodológicas, operativización de componentes, recolección y sistematización de evidencia empírica y comunicación de resultados; - plantear información de síntesis que pueda ser profundizada y rastreada en los distintos documentos;-presentar algunas de las tendencias que se han manifestado con más contundencia durante el estudio a partir del entrecruzamiento y triangulación de los datos obtenidos.

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First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on Chinese Rose in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2000.84.12.1345b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (12) ◽

pp. 1345-1345 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. C. Rivera ◽

E. R. Wright ◽

S. Carballo

Keyword(s):

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

First Report ◽

Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽

Leaf Drop ◽

Stems And Leaves

Chinese rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) is a shrub frequently planted in Argentina. In November 1999, dieback and anthracnose symptoms were detected on stems and leaves of plants cv. Hawaii cultivated in Buenos Aires. Disease prevalence was 50%. Pieces of infected tissues were surface-sterilized for 1 min in 2% NaOCl, plated on potato-dextrose agar and incubated at 24 ± 2°C. The isolate that was consistently recovered from diseased tissues was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., based on morphological characteristics (1,2). Teleomorph stage was not observed. Inoculation for pathogenicity testing was carried out by spraying a conidial suspension (6.5 × 106 conidia per ml) on plants with previously punctured leaves and pruned stems. Inoculated plants with unwounded tissues, as well as noninoculated controls, were included. Five replications of each treatment were done. Plants were incubated in moist chambers at 24°C. Whitish areas of 0.3 to 0.5 cm diameter surrounded by a purple halo developed on all punctured leaves within 10 days. Stem blight and leaf drop were observed. The center of the lesions was covered by black acervuli 14 days after inoculation. Unwounded and noninoculated controls remained symptomless. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated leaves, completing Koch's postulates. This is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing disease on Chinese rose in Argentina. References: (1) J. A. Bailey and M. J. Jeger, eds. 1992. Colletotrichum. CAB International, Surrey, England. (2) B. C. Sutton. 1980. The Coelomycetes. CMI, Kew.

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