Use of Petroleum Derived Spray Oils in Washington Grapevine Powdery Mildew Management Programs

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
G. G. Grove ◽  
J. Lunden ◽  
S. Spayd
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Visual Detection ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Eastern Washington

The effects of petroleum-derived spray oils (PDSO) on powdery mildew control and selected berry characteristics were evaluated in vineyards in eastern Washington during 2001 and 2002. Up to seven PDSO applications were made during each growing season between the 15-to-30-cm shoot stage and veraison. The use of oil decreased total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest by 0.17% per application but had no significant effects on berry weight, pH, or titratable acidity. Because of their documented eradicant and antisporulant properties, PDSO were also utilized as the initial treatment in fungicide treatment sequences initiated upon the first visual detection of powdery mildew signs in the vineyard. When used in this fashion very early in powdery mildew epidemics, PDSO helped to reduce fungicide usage and input costs without compromising disease control. Accepted for publication 15 February 2005. Published 17 March 2005.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Aggressiveness of Erysiphe necator Populations during Grapevine Powdery Mildew Epidemics

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (20) ◽  
pp. 6327-6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josselin Montarry ◽  
Philippe Cartolaro ◽  
François Delmotte ◽  
Jérôme Jolivet ◽  
Laetitia Willocquet
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Isolates of the causal ascomycete of grapevine powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator, correspond to two genetically differentiated groups (A and B) that coexist on the same host. This coexistence was analyzed by investigating temporal changes in the genetic and phenotypic structures of E. necator populations during three epidemics. Group A was present only at the start of the growing season, whereas group B was present throughout all three epidemics. Group A was less aggressive in terms of germination and infection efficiency but was more aggressive than group B in terms of the latency period, lesion diameter, and spore production. Our results are consistent with a temporal differentiation of niches, preventing recombination, and suggest an association between the disease level and the frequencies of genetic groups.

Managing Powdery Mildew of Cherry in Washington Orchards and Nurseries with Spray Oils

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Grove ◽  
R. J. Boal ◽  
L. H. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Disease Forecasting ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Eastern Washington

Powdery mildew of sweet cherry is the most serious disease in irrigated orchards and nurseries of Washington. The fungus infects foliage and fruit, but fruit infections are of primary concern due to the potential for rejection of entire crops. Development of resistance to demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicides in the mid-1990s increased the difficulty in controlling this disease. Orchard mildew management programs that utilize oils, DMI and strobilurin fungicides have been developed for use in eastern Washington. A growth stage (phenology)/calendar-based program provides excellent disease control, utilizes three fungicidal modes of action, and minimizes oil-induced fruit and foliar phytotoxicity by limiting oil use to no later than the pit hardening stage. A second approach that utilizes oils in a temperature-based disease forecasting system provides excellent disease control with fewer fungicide applications. Accepted for publication 19 July 2000. Published 28 July 2000.

scholarly journals Effect of the number of calcium chloride sprays on 'Jonagold' apple quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
One Year ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The aim of this study was to examine effect of frequency of calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) sprays on 'Jonagold' apple (<em>Malus domestica</em> Borkh.) quality. The experiment was carried out in 1996-1998 in the Experimental Orchard of the Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice. Apple trees were grafied on M.26 rootstock and planted in 1992 at a distance of 4 x 2 m on a sandy loam soil with high available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium contents. Four experimental treatments were applied: (i) three sprays with CaCl<sub>2</sub> solutions at 2, 10 and 18 weeks after full bloom, (ii) six sprays with CaCl<sub>2</sub> at 2, 6, 10, 14, 16 and 18 weeks after full bloom, (iii) nine sprays with CaCl<sub>2</sub> at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 weeks after full bloom and (iv) control plot - trees unsprayed with CaCl<sub>2</sub>. The results showed that fruit Ca concentration increased with the number of CaCl<sub>2</sub> sprays during the growing season. Apples nine-times sprayed with CaCl<sub>2</sub> solutions were smaller, less mature at harvest and after storage, had lower titratable acidity and soluble solids contents after storage and were less sensitive to bitter pit, internal breakdown and Gloeosporium-rot compared to other treatments; however these effects were influenced by the growing season. Six CaCl<sub>2</sub> sprays only in one year of the study increased fruit firmness after storage, fruit resistance to bitter pit and internal breakdown. Three CaCl<sub>2</sub> sprays decreased bitter pit incidence; however this effect was found only in one investigated year.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Biopesticides and Leaf Removal in Grapevine Powdery Mildew Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Moyer ◽  
Jensena M. Newhouse ◽  
Gary G. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Bloom Period ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew

Integrating biological-based fungicides into conventional spray programs may help with fungicide resistance management. However, little is known about how to best integrate these products while still maintaining maximum disease control. Programs with as few as one synthetic fungicide or as many as three synthetic fungicides added to a biopesticide-based rotation during the bloom period of Vitis vinifera had significantly better disease control than a biopesticide-only-based program. When integrated with different timings of fruit-zone leaf removal, specific combinations of biopesticide programs and fruit-zone leaf removal enhanced the efficacy of that program to be on par with disease control seen in a program entirely based on synthetic fungicides. This suggests that when designing a fungicide program using biopesticides as a base, the addition of a synthetic fungicide during the window of ontogenic susceptibility in clusters and the adoption of cultural practices such as leaf removal can significantly improve the efficacy of that program. Accepted for publication 11 April 2016. Published 20 April 2016.

scholarly journals Environmental effects on fruit composition of cloudberry/bakeapple (Rubus chamaemorus L.) grown in southern Labrador, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiabai Li ◽  
David Percival ◽  
Jeff Hoyle ◽  
Jin Yue ◽  
Jane White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Rubus Chamaemorus ◽  
Total Anthocyanins

Li, J., Percival, D., Hoyle, J., Yue, J., White, J., Head, K. and Pruski, K. 2015. Environmental effects on fruit composition of cloudberry/bakeapple (Rubus chamaemorus L.) grown in southern Labrador, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1167–1175. The composition of fruit collected from three fields located near Lanse'au Clair, Red Bay and Cartwright in southern Labrador, Canada, was analyzed over the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. Soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and ellagic acid were determined after each harvest using standard laboratory procedures. Temperature, precipitation, wind and other environmental factors affected growth and deposition of nutrients in harvested fruit. Soluble solids content (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), total anthocyanin, chlorogenic acid, cyanidin, total phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins of cloudberry fruit were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the combination of the growing season and the location. The TSS, TA and total phenolics were higher in fruits from Cartwright (most northern location) in both seasons compared with the other two locations. The HPLC analysis of compounds showed the ellagic acid and quercetin 3-o-β-D-glucoside contents of fruits were significantly affected by the location and the growing season (higher in 2012 compared with 2011), while contents of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acids, and cyanidin-3-o-β-glucoside were not. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive study of fruit composition of bakeapple conducted in southern Labrador, Canada.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Transient, In-season Applied Heat to ‘Merlot’ and ‘Syrah’ Wine Grapes in Eastern Washington

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-742
Author(s):  
Hemant L. Gohil ◽  
Michelle M. Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Heat Application ◽  
Eastern Washington

Sufficient heat accumulation is critical for fruit ripening in wine grape (Vitis vinifera). In 2013, a directed-heat application machine was evaluated for its ability to abridge vine phenology and improve fruit quality in commercially grown ‘Syrah’ and ‘Merlot’ in Paterson, WA. Heat was generated through the propane burning and applied to the vine via angled vents. The heat-generator was pulled by a tractor operating at 4 mph, resulting in a 2-second exposure of heat per vine. Rows were treated on a weekly to biweekly basis with transient heat treatments during: 1) bloom only, 2) véraison only, 3) both bloom and véraison, 4) from budbreak to harvest, and 5) a no-heat applied control. Data collected included the timing of phenological stages, percent fruit set, duration and level of heat exposure of the fruit and canopy, juice soluble solids, titratable acidity (TA) and pH at commercial maturity. Air temperature at the vent blower was ≈300 °F; however, by the time the air reached the canopy, air temperature was ≈130 to 150 °F. As a result, the typical increase in leaf or cluster temperature was 10 to 20 °F for 10 to 20 s. Heat application did not increase the number of berries per cluster or fruit set, did not enhance or abridge key vine phenological stages, did not increase soluble solids concentration accumulation, and did not alter juice TA or pH. Results indicate that heat application of this form does not advance vine phenology and in-field measured aspects of fruit quality in climates with large day-night temperature changes such as those in eastern Washington.

scholarly journals Yield and grape must quality of the IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ submitted to canopy management

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
José Luiz Hernandes ◽  
Mário José Pedro Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Canopy Management

ABSTRACT Grape cultivar IAC 138-22 'Máximo' grafted on IAC 766 ‘Campinas’ and IAC 572 ‘Jales’ rootstocks and trained in upright trellis was evaluated during consecutive summer and winter growing seasons for comparison different canopy management: a) branch thinning: comparison between one branch and two branches per spur and b) branch tipping: comparison between low and high upright trellis. The results obtained of the phytotechnical and physicochemical grape must characteristics allowed to confirm that there was no significant difference between rootstocks regarding branch thinning intensity and upright trellis height. The largest effect observed in canopy management was for yield values promoted by branch thinning. No effect was observed in the grape must physicochemical characteristics when the different treatments were compared in the same growing season. Regarding to the upright trellis height, larger values of soluble solids were obtained for the high trellis than in the low trellis. Winter growing season resulted in lower values of yield and greater values of total soluble solids and titratable acidity than in the summer growing season.

Study of the quality and antioxidant properties of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under different postharvest and dehydration conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Lorena Luna-Guevara ◽  
Teresita González-Sánchez ◽  
Adriana Delgado-Alvarado ◽  
María Elena Ramos-Cassellis ◽  
José Guillermo Pérez-Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Objective: To study the effect of storage temperatures and dehydration conditions (solar and convective drying; SD, CD), on the quality, physicochemical parameters and antioxidant properties of tomato fruits. Methodology: The physicochemical characteristics pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids (°Bx) and color parameters (L*, a* and b*), were evaluated. The lycopene, carotenoids and antioxidant activity percentages retention of tomatoes fruits stored at 7 and 22 ° C for 5 days and subjected to SD (Temperature (T) of 67 °C and luminescence of 685 lum/sqf) and CD (T 70 °C, flow rates 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s), were analyzed. Results: The fruits reached humidities of 17 and 15% for SD and CD. The parameters pH, °Bx, L*, a*, b* were highest with 22°C and CD (1.5 m/s). The value of the carotenoids was higher in fruits stored at 7 ° C and subjected to CD (1.0 and 1.5 m/s) and SD with values of 83.85, 85.98 and 99.43%, respectively. The CD (0.5 m/s) and SD improved lycopene (94.37 and 95.14%) and the antioxidant activity with values of 73.06 and 97.21%. Implications: The application of solar dehydration depends on luminescence condition; however, it is inexpensive and environmentally friendly alternative. Conclusions: The results derived in a viable alternative for the conservation and commercialization of tomato fruits in rural communities

Revalorized broccoli by-products and mustard improved quality during shelf life of a kale pesto sauce

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322098310
Author(s):  
Noelia Castillejo ◽  
Ginés Benito Martínez-Hernández ◽  
Francisco Artés-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
By Products

The effect of revalorized Bimi leaves (B) and/or mustard (M) addition, as supplementary ingredients, to develop an innovative kale (K) pesto sauce was studied. Microbial, physicochemical (color, total soluble solids content -SSC-, pH and titratable acidity –TA-) and sensory quality were studied during 20 days at 5 °C. Bioactive compounds changes (total phenolics, total antioxidant capacity and glucoraphanin contents) were also monitored throughout storage. The high TA and pH changes in the last 6 days of storage were avoided in the K+B pesto when adding mustard, due to the antimicrobial properties of this brassica seed. SSC was increased when B + M were added to the K pesto, which positively masked the kale-typical bitterness. Mustard addition hardly change yellowness of the K pesto, being not detected in the sensory analyses, showing K+B+M pesto the lowest color differences after 20 days of shelf life. The addition of Bimi leaves to the K pesto enhanced its phenolic content while mustard addition did not negatively affect such total antioxidant compounds content. Finally, mustard addition effectively aimed to glucoraphanin conversion to its bioactive products. Conclusively, an innovative kale pesto supplemented with Bimi by-products was hereby developed, being its overall quality well preserved up to 20 days at 5 °C due to the mustard addition.

scholarly journals Ultrasonication of Thawed Huyou Juice: Effects on Cloud Stability, Physicochemical Properties and Bioactive Compounds

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Xinyue Zhou ◽  
Wenjun Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Ma ◽  
Enbo Xu ◽  
Donghong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Sedimentation Behavior ◽  
Thawing Process

In order to remove the flocculent precipitation in Huyou juice after frozen storage and thawing process, the thawed juice was ultrasonically treated with different power (45–360 W) and time (10–60 min) in ice bath (~0 °C), and its sedimentation behavior during storage was observed. After optimization, the cloud stability of juice could be improved by ultrasonic treatment with ultrasonic power of 360 W or more for at least 30 min, which could be stable during 7 days of storage at 4 °C. Under this optimal condition (360 W, 30 min), the effects of ultrasound on the physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of thawed Huyou juice during storage were investigated. The results showed that with smaller particle size and lower polymer dispersity index, ultrasonic treatment did not significantly change the color, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and bioactive compounds including flavonoids and other phenolics. In addition, all properties of samples were at the same level during storage. Thus, ultrasound was applicable since it can improve the cloud stability of Huyou juice with minimal impact on its physicochemical properties and nutritional quality compared to the untreated one.

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