scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation in model organisms: recent progress and clinical implications

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 190183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Tang ◽  
Zhenhua Xu ◽  
Lianfang Huang ◽  
Hui Luo ◽  
Xiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types

In this review, we will summarize model organisms used by scientists in the laboratory, including Escherichia coli , yeast, Arabidopsis thaliana , nematodes, Drosophila , zebrafish, mice and other animals. We focus on the progress in research exploring different types of E. coli in the human body, and the specific molecular mechanisms by which they play a role in humans. First, we discuss the specific transcriptional regulation mechanism of E. coli in cell development, maturation, ageing and longevity, as well as tumorigenesis and development. Then, we discuss how the synthesis of some important substances in cells is regulated and how this affects biological behaviour. Understanding and applying these mechanisms, presumably, can greatly improve the quality of people's lives as well as increase their lifespan. For example, some E. coli can activate certain cells by secreting insulin-like growth factor-1, thus activating the inflammatory response of the body, while other E. coli can inactivate the immune response of the body by secreting toxic factors.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite scaffolds for accelerating chronic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Nosrati ◽  
Reza Aramideh Khouy ◽  
Ali Nosrati ◽  
Mohammad Khodaei ◽  
Mehdi Banitalebi-Dehkordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds

AbstractSkin is the body’s first barrier against external pathogens that maintains the homeostasis of the body. Any serious damage to the skin could have an impact on human health and quality of life. Tissue engineering aims to improve the quality of damaged tissue regeneration. One of the most effective treatments for skin tissue regeneration is to improve angiogenesis during the healing period. Over the last decade, there has been an impressive growth of new potential applications for nanobiomaterials in tissue engineering. Various approaches have been developed to improve the rate and quality of the healing process using angiogenic nanomaterials. In this review, we focused on molecular mechanisms and key factors in angiogenesis, the role of nanobiomaterials in angiogenesis, and scaffold-based tissue engineering approaches for accelerated wound healing based on improved angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Novel Translation Initiation Regulation Mechanism in Escherichia coli ptrB Mediated by a 5′-Terminal AUG

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Beck ◽  
Gary R. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Upstream Open Reading Frame ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Rna Regulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Alternative translation initiation mechanisms, distinct from the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence-dependent mechanism, are more prevalent in bacteria than once anticipated. Translation of Escherichia coli ptrB instead requires an AUG triplet at the 5′ terminus of its mRNA. The 5′-terminal AUG (5′-uAUG) acts as a ribosomal recognition signal to attract ribosomes to the ptrB mRNA rather than functioning as an initiation codon to support translation of an upstream open reading frame. ptrB expression exhibits a stronger dependence on the 5′-uAUG than the predicted SD sequence; however, strengthening the predicted ptrB SD sequence relieves the necessity for the 5′-uAUG. Additional sequences within the ptrB 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) work cumulatively with the 5′-uAUG to control expression of the downstream ptrB coding sequence (CDS), thereby compensating for the weak SD sequence. Replacement of 5′-UTRs from other mRNAs with the ptrB 5′-UTR sequence showed a similar dependence on the 5′-uAUG for CDS expression, suggesting that the regulatory features contained within the ptrB 5′-UTR are sufficient to control the expression of other E. coli CDSs. Demonstration that the 5′-uAUG present on the ptrB leader mRNA is involved in ribosome binding and expression of the downstream ptrB CDS revealed a novel form of translational regulation. Due to the abundance of AUG triplets at the 5′ termini of E. coli mRNAs and the ability of ptrB 5′-UTR regulation to function independently of gene context, the regulatory effects of 5′-uAUGs on downstream CDSs may be widespread throughout the E. coli genome. IMPORTANCE As the field of synthetic biology continues to grow, a complete understanding of basic biological principles will be necessary. The increasing complexity of the synthetic systems highlights the gaps in our current knowledge of RNA regulation. This study demonstrates that there are novel ways to regulate canonical Shine-Dalgarno-led mRNAs in Escherichia coli, illustrating that our understanding of the fundamental processes of translation and RNA regulation is still incomplete. Even for E. coli, one of the most-studied model organisms, genes with translation initiation mechanisms that do not fit the canonical Shine-Dalgarno sequence paradigm are being revealed. Uncovering diverse mechanisms that control translational expression will allow synthetic biologists to finely tune protein production of desired gene products.

scholarly journals The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from naniura (a traditional Batak food)

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Mato Hang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Probiotic Potential ◽  
Positive Effect

Naniura is a traditional Batak food that is made without going through a heating process, but is made through a fermentation process using acid and salt. The use of acid and salt acts as a preservative because it can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes and spoilage microbes. In addition, naniura fermentation has the potential to be a growth medium for lactic acid bacteria, most of which strains can act as probiotics. However, the potential for probiotic naniura is still rarely studied and studied, so this review article is made to examine the potential for probiotic naniura and the health effects that can be obtained. The writing of this journal uses the literature study method, namely by collecting information from various scientific sources. Several studies have shown that naniura contains lactic acid bacteria that can act as broad-spectrum antimicrobials and can specifically inhibit the growth of Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum, E. coli and S. aureus. Consuming probiotic foods can have a positive effect on health, including improving the quality of the digestive tract, increasing the immune system in the body and degrading lactose so that it can be used for lactose intolerant sufferers.

scholarly journals Applicability of Escherichia Coli As an Indicator for Assessing Quality of Disinfectants and Antiseptic During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ali Fallahzadeh ◽  
Fariborz Omidi ◽  
Davoud Ghadirian ◽  
Azimeh Fallahzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Nafisi
Keyword(s):  
Test Tube ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Required Quality

Introduction: The application of disinfectant agents is a common way to fight against micro-organisms. Although there are different types of disinfectant agents to fight COVID-19, many of them do not have the required quality and efficiency. The present work was aimed to evaluate the quality of the available disinfectant agents using gram-negative E. coli bacteria. Materials and Methods: In the laboratory phase of the research, the gram-negative E. coli bacteria were used to evaluate the quality of disinfectants. According to the proposed laboratory method, microbial kit was prepared and used to evaluate the performance of disinfectants. Results: Based on the obtained results, 1.0 mL of microbial suspension in the test tube, as microbial kit, is used for quality assessment of the disinfectants. Also, based on the results and considering the optimum conditions, in case of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is evaluated as unfavorable, and in the absence of growth of microorganisms, the quality of disinfectant is considered appropriate in terms of its effect on gram-negative bacteria and weaker microorganisms. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, E. coli can be used as a reliable indicator for assessing the quality of the disinfectant agents used against COVID 19.

scholarly journals Transcription Factors AhR/ARNT Regulate the Expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 Switch Conferring Nicotine Adaptation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiou Pan ◽  
Tianfei Peng ◽  
Pengjun Xu ◽  
Xiaochun Zeng ◽  
Fayi Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Transcriptional Factors ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Highly Correlated

Nicotine is one of the most toxic secondary plant metabolites in nature and it is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. The overexpression of CYP6CY3 and its homologous isozyme CYP6CY4 in Myzus persicae nicotianae is correlated with nicotine tolerance. The expanded (AC)n repeat in promoter is the cis element for CYP6CY3 transcription. These repeat sequences are conserved in the CYP6CY3 gene from Aphis gossypii and the homologous P450 genes in Acyrthosiphon pisum. The potential transcriptional factors that may regulate CYP6CY3 were isolated by DNA pulldown and sequenced in order to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanism of CYP6CY3. These identified transcriptional factors, AhR and ARNT, whose abundance was highly correlated with an abundance of the CYP6CY3 gene, were validated. RNAi and co-transfection results further confirm that AhR and ARNT play a major role in the transcriptional regulation of the CYP6CY3 gene. When the CYP6CY3 transcript is destabilized by AhR/ARNT RNAi, the transcription of the CYP6CY4 is dramatically up-regulated, indicating a compensatory mechanism between the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 genes. Our present study sheds light on the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 mediated nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco. The current studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the genotypic and phenotypic changes that are involved in insect host shifts and we conclude that AhR/ARNT regulate the expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 cooperatively, conferring the nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco

scholarly journals Analytical and preparative biosynthesis of S100B recombinant protein using the pBT7-N-His vector system and preliminary studies of structure and function of this protein

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
О.Л. Терёхина ◽  
М.К. Нурбеков ◽  
О.П. Дмитренко ◽  
Д.М. Давыдов
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
S100b Protein ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Bacterial Clone ◽  
And Function

С целью исследований структуры и функций белка S100B в клетке и в тканях был проведен цикл работ по оптимизации экспрессии рекомбинантного белка (рекS100B) в E. coli. Проведены процедуры аналитической экспрессии рекS100B в составе рекомбинантной плазмиды pBT7-N-His-S100B03. При SDS-ПААГЭ лизатов клонов бактерий выявлена четко экспрессирующаяся полоса в 10 кДа, которая была идентифицирована как мономерная форма белка. Перспективы исследований рекS100B связаны с потенциальным его использованием для изучения тонких молекулярных механизмов PPI взаимодействий в системе S100B/RAGE рецептор как ключевого звена передачи сигналов в клетке и организме и в качестве перспективного объекта создания диагностических систем мониторинга состояний организма в норме и при патологии связанной с нарушениями регуляции гена и/или функций S100B белка. To study structure and functions of the S100B protein in cells and tissues, a series of studies was conducted to optimize the recombinant protein (recS100B) expression in E. coli. Procedures for analytical expression of recS100B in the pBT7-N-His-S100B03 recombinant plasmid were performed. In SDS-PAGE of bacterial clone lysate, a clear 10 kDa band expression was detected, which was identified as a monomeric form of the protein. Prospects for the S100B study are related with its potential use for investigating molecular mechanisms of PPI interactions in the S100B/RAGE system as a key signal transducer in the cell and body and as a promising object for developing diagnostic systems for monitoring the body state in normal and pathological conditions associated with impaired regulation of the gene and/or functions of the S100B protein.

scholarly journals Role of long non-coding RNA H19 in the development of osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senxiang Chen ◽  
Da Liu ◽  
Zimo Zhou ◽  
Sen Qin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Abstract Background Osteoporosis is a widespread and serious metabolic bone disease. At present, revealing the molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis and developing effective prevention and treatment methods are of great significance to health worldwide. LncRNA is a non-coding RNA peptide chain with more than 200 nucleotides. Researchers have identified many lncRNAs implicated in the development of diseases and lncRNA H19 is an example. Results A large amount of evidence supports the fact that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes, such as H19, have multiple, far-reaching effects on various biological functions. It has been found that lncRNA H19 has a role in the regulation of different types of cells in the body including the osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts found in bones. Therefore, it can be postulated that lncRNA H19 affects the incidence and development of osteoporosis. Conclusion The prospect of targeting lncRNA H19 in the treatment of osteoporosis is promising because of the effects that lncRNA H19 has on the process of osteogenic differentiation. In this review, we summarize the molecular pathways and mechanisms of lncRNA H19 in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and summarize the research progress of targeting H19 as a treatment option. Research is emerging that explores more effective treatment possibilities for bone metabolism diseases using molecular targets.

scholarly journals Method for Diagnostics of Carp Fish Diplostomosis During Veterinary and Sanitary Examination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Marchenko ◽  
Anna Mironova ◽  
Evgeny Duletov ◽  
Natalia Choporova ◽  
Alexander Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Carp Fish

Diplostomosis is an invasive disease of carp fish that can cause significant damage to the fish farm. It is widely distributed in Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Belarus. Sexually mature individuals parasitize the intestines of fish-eating birds of the genus Laridae. The intermediate host is freshwater fish and mollusks of the genus Lymnaea. The disease cycle is represented by several migrations of the parasite from the reservoir to the intermediate hosts, followed by ingestion. Fry and fish with a low immune status are most susceptible to this disease. When introduced into the body, trematodes can inoculate fish with various pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora inherent in the habitat, which can complicate the production of high-quality products that are safe for both humans and animals. Therefore, the implementation of our patented “Method for assessing the quality of meat of fish infected with diplostomosis” during the veterinary and sanitary examination is important. The invention involves diagnostic measures, namely, to determine the quality of fish meat, which were carried out in this study. The method consisted of a step-by-step study of the pathogen obtained by destroying the integrity of the vitreous body and sowing exudate by collecting the material with a Pasteur pipette with transfer to the MPA. These were kept in a certain temperature regime for at least 48 hours. The researchers examined the plates with the inoculations and described the morphology of the resulting colonies, with preliminary staining of the smears according to Romanovsky-Giemsa. The colonies were counted using the Goryaev camera. The method used helped to detect the parasitic disease together with the bacteriological purity of the fish, which makes it possible to issue a correct veterinary and sanitary assessment for a given invasion. The data were processed statistically; a correlation relationship between the intensity of invasion and the level of the bacteriological flora of fish products was established. The most significant was the relationship of contamination with bacteria of the E. coli group and of the genus Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus. The obtained value of the KMAFAMnM index exceeded the indicator of healthy fish. Keywords: diplostomosis, post-diplostomosis, methods, identification, parasitology, microbiology

scholarly journals Properties of Some Minerals and Implications on Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aylar Kargar ◽  
Mendane Saka
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Different Types

Cancer is one of the non-communicable diseases which has more than 100 types. Although cancer mechanism is unclear, in general, it is related to oxidation-reduction reactions. Minerals based on their effects on these pathways, have different influences on cancer condition. Based on the source of calcium and the location of cancer, the results could be varied. Zinc is a mineral which participates in healing the wounds and improves the immune system. Thus, serum levels of zinc could be a predictor of cancer. Selenium has a dose-response relation with different types of cancer and shows the antioxidant roles. However, this element could worsen the patient’s status. Iron creates free radicals in the body however iron deficiency anemia decreases the quality of life and affects the treatment in patients. Copper can cause damages via reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, the recommendations should be discreetly done, considering individuals’ status.

scholarly journals Lung Marginated and Splenic Murine Resident Neutrophils Constitute Pioneers in Tissue-Defense During Systemic E. coli Challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goda Juzenaite ◽  
Judith Secklehner ◽  
Juho Vuononvirta ◽  
Yoseph Helbawi ◽  
John B. G. Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fluorescent Labelling ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lung Endothelial Cells

The rapid response of neutrophils throughout the body to a systemic challenge is a critical first step in resolution of bacterial infection such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here we delineated the dynamics of this response, revealing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms using lung and spleen intravital microscopy and 3D ex vivo culture of living precision cut splenic slices in combination with fluorescent labelling of endogenous leukocytes. Within seconds after challenge, intravascular marginated neutrophils and lung endothelial cells (ECs) work cooperatively to capture pathogens. Neutrophils retained on lung ECs slow their velocity and aggregate in clusters that enlarge as circulating neutrophils carrying E. coli stop within the microvasculature. The absolute number of splenic neutrophils does not change following challenge; however, neutrophils increase their velocity, migrate to the marginal zone (MZ) and form clusters. Irrespective of their location all neutrophils capturing heat-inactivated E. coli take on an activated phenotype showing increasing surface CD11b. At a molecular level we show that neutralization of ICAM-1 results in splenic neutrophil redistribution to the MZ under homeostasis. Following challenge, splenic levels of CXCL12 and ICAM-1 are reduced allowing neutrophils to migrate to the MZ in a CD29-integrin dependent manner, where the enlargement of splenic neutrophil clusters is CXCR2-CXCL2 dependent. We show directly molecular mechanisms that allow tissue resident neutrophils to provide the first lines of antimicrobial defense by capturing circulating E. coli and forming clusters both in the microvessels of the lung and in the parenchyma of the spleen.

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