scholarly journals Microbiome in human cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Menati Rashno ◽  
Hamed Mehraban ◽  
Behnaz Naji ◽  
Mohadeseh Radmehr
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Mouth Cavity ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Human Digestive System

A microbiome is defined as the aggregate of all microbiota that reside in human digestive system and other tissues. This microbiota includes viruses, bacteria, fungi that live in various human organs and tissues like stomach, guts, oesophagus, mouth cavity, urinary tract, vagina, lungs, and skin. Almost 20 % of malignant cancers worldwide are related to microbial infections including bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The human body is constantly being attacked by microbes during its lifetime and microbial pathogens that have tumorigenic effects in 15–20 % of reported cancer cases. Recent scientific advances and the discovery of the effect of microbes on cancer as a pathogen or as a drug have significantly contributed to our understanding of the complex relationship between microbiome and cancer. The aim of this study is to overview some microbiomes that reside in the human body and their roles in cancer.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis by probiotics: A promising anti-depressant approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koumudhi Rajanala ◽  
Nitesh Kumar ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Human Digestive System ◽  
The Brain

: The human digestive system is embedded with trillions of microbes of various species and genera. These organisms serve several purposes in human body and exist in symbiosis with the host. Their major role is involved in digestion and conversion of food materials into many useful substrates for human body. Apart from this, the gut microbiota also maintains healthy communication with other body parts including the brain. The connection between gut microbiota and brain is termed as Gut-Brain Axis (GBA) and these connections are established by neuronal, endocrine and immunological pathways. Thus, they are involved in neurophysiology and neuropathology of several diseases like Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Depression and Autism. There are several food supplements such as prebiotics and probiotics the modulate the composition of gut microbiota. This article provides a review about the role of gut microbiota in depression and supplements such as probiotics that are useful in the treatment of depression.

Corporeal Realism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Friedlander
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Public Display ◽  
Realist Approach ◽  
Human Digestive System

This chapter compares two realist representations of the human body: Körperweltern (Bodyworlds), Gunther Von Hagens’s unprecedented public display of chemically preserved human corpses, and Cloaca, Belgian artist Wim Delvoye’s electromechanical replication of the functions of the human digestive system from ingestion to excretion. A comparison between these two displays points to the unexpected way in which the droll defecating machine creates more of a disturbance to the categories of true and false and human and inhuman than does the display which stages a confrontation between living spectators and dead human bodies. It contends that Cloaca’s realist approach may confront spectators with a potentially radically desubjectifying encounter.

The Tomato Pip's Story: Creative Narratives as Bridging Cultural and Science Discourses for Indigenous Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184
Author(s):  
Lorrin Ruihi Shortland ◽  
Terry Locke
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Indigenous Education ◽  
Disciplinary Literacy ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Focus Group Data ◽  
Human Digestive System

This article reports on what happened when a Rumaki pūtaiao kaiako (Science) teacher at a New Zealand high school trialled the use of creative narratives with her Year-10 students as a way of developing their understanding of the human digestive system. These students were members of the school's Māori immersion unit, and creative narratives were in part utilised as a bridge between science discourse and the cultural knowledges these students brought to their learning. In this case study, students developed ‘Tomato Pip’ narratives through four versions, which told the story of a tomato pip travelling through the human digestive system. Word-count data based on these versions and from a summative test were analysed and correlations found between test scores and three categories of word-count total (total words, total science words and total discrete science words). A discourse analysis of one student's narratives identified two distinct voices in these texts: the personal narrator and the emerging biologist. Questionnaire and focus-group data indicated that the use of creative narratives was both motivational to these students and effective as a bridge into science discourse mastery. It is argued that the findings have implications for disciplinary literacy theory, Indigenous education and science instruction.

scholarly journals A Multiphase Flow in the Antroduodenal Portion of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Mathematical Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Trusov ◽  
N. V. Zaitseva ◽  
M. R. Kamaltdinov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Food Particles

A group of authors has developed a multilevel mathematical model that focuses on functional disorders in a human body associated with various chemical, physical, social, and other factors. At this point, the researchers have come up with structure, basic definitions and concepts of a mathematical model at the “macrolevel” that allow describing processes in a human body as a whole. Currently we are working at the “mesolevel” of organs and systems. Due to complexity of the tasks, this paper deals with only one meso-fragment of a digestive system model. It describes some aspects related to modeling multiphase flow in the antroduodenal portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Biochemical reactions, dissolution of food particles, and motor, secretory, and absorbing functions of the tract are taken into consideration. The paper outlines some results concerning influence of secretory function disorders on food dissolution rate and tract contents acidity. The effect which food density has on inflow of food masses from a stomach to a bowel is analyzed. We assume that the future development of the model will include digestive enzymes and related reactions of lipolysis, proteolysis, and carbohydrates breakdown.

A practical pH-compatible fluorescent sensor for hydrazine in soil, water and living cells

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (22) ◽  
pp. 7380-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huming Yan ◽  
Fangjun Huo ◽  
Yongkang Yue ◽  
Jianbin Chao ◽  
Caixia Yin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fluorescent Sensor ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
System P ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The excellent water solubility of hydrazine (N2H4) allows it to easily invade the human body through the skin and respiratory tract, thereby damaging human organs and the central nervous system.

scholarly journals ESTUDO SOBRE POSSÍVEIS AVANÇOS NO PROCESSO DE APRENDIZAGEM DE ALUNOS COM BAIXA VISÃO UTILIZANDO MATERIAL DE ENSINO ADAPTADO PARA AULAS DE CIÊNCIAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-324
Author(s):  
Camila Maria Gonçalves de Castro ◽  
Giovana Evangelista Alves ◽  
Cláudio Alves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Life ◽  
Human Digestive System ◽  
Visually Impaired Students ◽  
Study Type

Resumo: O artigo apresenta a discussão sobre materiais didáticos que auxiliam na educação inclusiva de alunos que possuem deficiência visual. As pesquisas têm apontado carência de recursos didáticos adaptados ao cotidiano escolar dos alunos com deficiência. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um material didático adaptado que se mostrou eficiente e contribuiu para o avanço do processo de aprendizagem de uma aluna com baixa visão no estudo do conteúdo Sistema Digestório Humano. A pesquisa é do tipo estudo de caso e o seu paradigma é do tipo qualitativo. O desenho metodológico incluiu a organização de duas entrevistas semiestruturadas com uma aluna com baixa visão, sendo uma anterior e outra posterior à prática com o uso do material adaptado. Com o presente estudo, foi possível concluir que a utilização de recursos didáticos demonstra potencial positivo na promoção da aprendizagem significativa de alunos com deficiência visual na disciplina de Ciências.Palavras-chave: Educação Inclusiva; Recursos Didáticos; Ciências. Abstract: This article presents the discussion about the didatic materials that help in inclusive education for students with visual impairment. Research has pointed to a lack of didactic resources adapted to the daily school life of students with disabilities. The objective of this paper is to present an adapted didatic material that proved to be efficient and contributed to the advancement of the learning process of a student with low vision in the study of the Human Digestive System content. The research is of the case study type and its paradigm is of the qualitative type. The methodological design included the organization of two semi-structured interviews with a student with low vision, one before and one after the practice with the use of adapted material. With the present study, it was possible to conclude that the use of didactic resources demonstrates positive potential in promoting the meaningful learning of visually impaired students in the Science discipline.Keywords: Inclusive Education; Didactic Resources; Sciences.

scholarly journals Animal and Human Digestive System Material of the Fifth Grade Elementary School in the form of Pop-Up Book Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Dewa Ayu Putu Mega Noviyanti ◽  
I Gede Margunayasa
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Science Content ◽  
School Students ◽  
Human Digestive System

The limited relevant learning resources and the lack of development on natural science content on the topic of the animals and human digestive system were the reasons for this research. This research aimed at developing Pop-Up book media on the topic of animal and human digestive system in which the validity had been tested. This research was developmental research by using some steps, such as analyze, design, development, implementation, and evaluation models. However, the implementation steps and the evaluation steps were not conducted due to time limitations. The data collection method used in this research was a questionnaire method. The subject of this research was a learning media in the form of a Pop-Up book on the topic of animal and human digestive system on the fifth-grade elementary school students and the object of this research was the validity on learning media for Pop-Up book media. The instrument used in this developmental research was the rating scale. From the results of the assessment by four experts, an average score of 4.79 was obtained into very good qualification. Based on the results of the assessment, it could be concluded that the Pop-Up book media on the topic of animal and human digestive system was valid with a very good qualification. The existence of a Pop-Up book media was useful to assist the teachers’ tasks in implementing learning specifically in developing natural science materials on the topic of animal and human digestive system.

Detection of Microbial Infections Through Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Tan ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Jueqi Chen ◽  
Zhijian J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Type I ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Microbial Infections

Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system through germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). As most microbial pathogens contain DNA and/or RNA during their life cycle, nucleic acid sensing has evolved as an essential strategy for host innate immune defense. Pathogen-derived nucleic acids with distinct features are recognized by specific host PRRs localized in endolysosomes and the cytosol. Activation of these PRRs triggers signaling cascades that culminate in the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, leading to induction of an antimicrobial state, activation of adaptive immunity, and eventual clearance of the infection. Here, we review recent progress in innate immune recognition of nucleic acids upon microbial infection, including pathways involving endosomal Toll-like receptors, cytosolic RNA sensors, and cytosolic DNA sensors. We also discuss the mechanisms by which infectious microbes counteract host nucleic acid sensing to evade immune surveillance.

scholarly journals Reasons for cattle retirement on feeding farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00098
Author(s):  
Maksim Zhukov ◽  
Yurij Alekhin ◽  
Ivan Kalyuzhny ◽  
Vasiliy Dorozhkin ◽  
Anatoliy Stekolnikov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Young Cattle

The study has been carried out at two livestock complexes specializing in the production of beef to investigate the causes of non-productive retirement of animals. The structure of the causes of death or necessary slaughter of young cattle was determined by the results of pathological autopsy (n = 2816). Moreover, it was revealed that in 83.5 % of the animals, morphological changes in the respiratory organs prevailed, which in 40.2 % of the cases were thanatogenetically significant. The pathology of the digestive system was found in 29.6 % of animals, and in 14.9 % of cases they caused death. Pathology of the kidneys and urinary tract most often occurred at the age of 4–6 months and caused the retirement of 7.6–9.4 % of the animals. The role of cardiovascular pathology in the structure of the causes of retirement increases in young animals aged 8–11 months, while that of diseases of the joints and distal extremities rises at the final stage of their fattening. Clinical and expert evaluation of the activity of veterinary specialists (n = 12) showed that they correctly identified the underlying disease in 74 %, concomitant pathologies in 17.9 %, and complications in 5 % of diseased. Therefore, one of the problems of diagnosing diseases in young cattle during the period of growing and fattening is an incomplete diagnosis due to the low detection rate of concomitant pathologies and complications, some of which are of decisive thanatogenetic significance.

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