scholarly journals Detection of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in Iranian children with and without diarrhoea

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1159-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yousef Alikhani ◽  
Akbar Mirsalehian ◽  
M. Mehdi Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Iranian Children

The present study was performed to investigate the contribution of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) as a cause of infectious diarrhoea among children less than 10 years old in Iran. During the summer months, 247 specimens from children with diarrhoea and 1108 from asymptomatic children were analysed for the presence of EPEC and other bacterial pathogens. Potential enteric pathogens were identified in 140 cases of children with diarrhoea (56.7 %). EPEC was the most frequently identified agent (111 cases), followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (13), Shigella (9), Salmonella (6) and Aeromonas sp. (1). EPEC isolates were examined for the presence of eaeA, bfpA and stx genes by PCR. EPEC isolates were classified as typical (eaeA + bfpA +) or atypical (eaeA + bfpA −). Typical EPEC was diagnosed in 35 cases (11.8 %), compared with 8 (0.4 %) in the asymptomatic group (P<0.05). Atypical EPEC strains were isolated from 23 cases (9.3 %), compared with 13 (1.2 %) of the healthy control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the data suggest that typical and atypical EPEC are an important cause of diarrhoea in Iranian children.

scholarly journals Molecular diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from Psittaciformes of illegal wildlife trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisângela S. Lopes ◽  
William C. Maciel ◽  
Pedro Henrique Q.S. Medeiros ◽  
Mariana D. Bona ◽  
Alexandre H. Bindá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) are considered one of the major causes of human diarrhea in developing countries. Some studies have pointed wild birds as important reservoirs for these pathogens. However, scarce species from the Psittaciformes order have been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of DEC strains in Psittaciformes from illegal wildlife trade. A total of 78 E. coli strains isolated from cloacal swab samples of 167 Psittaciformes in the Ceará State, Brazil, were evaluated regarding the presence of the following DEC virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): eaeA and bfpA genes (Enteropathogenic E. coli - EPEC); stx1 and stx2 (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli - STEC); estA and eltB (Enterotoxigenic E. coli - ETEC); ipaH (Enteroinvasive E. coli - EIEC); aatA and aaiC (Enteroaggregative E. coli - EAEC). Positive strains for eaeA and bfpA genes were considered typical EPEC, while strain positive exclusively for the eaeA gene were classified as atypical EPEC. The eaeA gene was identified in 20 E. coli strains and bfpA in 22 isolates. In addition, 11 and 9 belonged to tEPEC and aEPEC, respectively. No strain was positive for stx1 or stx2. A total of 47 (60.3%) strains and a total of 136 birds (81.4%) were negative for the remaining DEC pathotypes investigated. In conclusion, psittacine from illegal wildlife trade in Ceará State, Brazil, presented a relevant prevalence of typical and atypical EPEC, potentially playing a role as reservoirs of DEC strains in the environment. Thus, proper control measures must be adopted to block the spread of these pathogens.

Isolation of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli from children with and without diarrhoea in Delhi and the National Capital Region, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Arif Ali
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
National Capital Region ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Typical Epec

A total of 17 typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) were isolated from 396 children with and without diarrhoea. Out of 12 EPEC isolates from patients with diarrhoea, 3 (25 %) were atypical EPEC while 9 (75 %) were typical EPEC. It was observed that atypical EPEC strains had colonized the intestines of healthy children and its isolation rates were higher in healthy children than in children with diarrhoea. Interestingly all of the atypical EPEC isolates carried a megaplasmid, mostly comparable with the size of EPEC adherence factor (EAF) encoding gene but no virulence gene was detected in this megaplasmid. Studies also indicated that multidrug resistance EPEC are emerging and all the atypical EPEC strains showed significantly less resistance to all antimicrobial agents used in this study than typical EPEC. This study also supports the opinion that Shiga toxin-producing E. coli does not pose a major threat to human health in India. Subtyping analysis reveals that eae-α1, eae-β2 and eae-λ could be common EPEC subtypes prevalent in children with diarrhoea in Delhi. The present study is believed to be the first report of the detection of atypical EPEC from children without diarrhoea and records of isolation of eae-γ1, eae-γ2 and the rare eae-λ subtype in India. The data also indicated that typical EPEC are a common cause of diarrhoea and atypical EPEC are emerging as colonizers of the intestine of children with and without diarrhoea in Delhi and the National Capital Region, India.

scholarly journals The Complete Genome of the Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Archetype Isolate E110019 Highlights a Role for Plasmids in Dissemination of the Type III Secreted Effector EspT

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy H. Hazen ◽  
David A. Rasko
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Typical Epec

ABSTRACT Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a leading cause of moderate to severe diarrhea among young children in developing countries, and EPEC isolates can be subdivided into two groups. Typical EPEC (tEPEC) bacteria are characterized by the presence of both the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and the plasmid-encoded bundle-forming pilus (BFP), which are involved in adherence and translocation of type III effectors into the host cells. Atypical EPEC (aEPEC) bacteria also contain the LEE but lack the BFP. In the current report, we describe the complete genome of outbreak-associated aEPEC isolate E110019, which carries four plasmids. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the type III secreted effector EspT gene, an autotransporter gene, a hemolysin gene, and putative fimbrial genes are all carried on plasmids. Further investigation of 65 espT-containing E. coli genomes demonstrated that different espT alleles are associated with multiple plasmids that differ in their overall gene content from the E110019 espT-containing plasmid. EspT has been previously described with respect to its role in the ability of E110019 to invade host cells. While other type III secreted effectors of E. coli have been identified on insertion elements and prophages of the chromosome, we demonstrated in the current study that the espT gene is located on multiple unique plasmids. These findings highlight a role of plasmids in dissemination of a unique E. coli type III secreted effector that is involved in host invasion and severe diarrheal illness.

scholarly journals Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

1996 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muñoz ◽  
M. Álvarez ◽  
I. Lanza ◽  
P. Cármenes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Diarrhoea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

SummaryFaeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1–45 days were examined for enteric pathogens.Cryptosporidium parvumwas detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45%) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. F5+(K99+) and/or F41+Escherichia colistrains were isolated from 26% and 22% of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins ST I or LT I, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoeic animals. A F5−F41−ST I+E. colistrain was isolated from a diarrhoeic lamb (0·6%). VerotoxigenicE. coliwas isolated from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs (4·1% and 8·2%, respectively) and there was no association between infection and diarrhoea. The prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in diarrhoeic lambs was very low (2·1%). Groups A and B rotaviruses were detected in three (8·1%) and five (13·5%) diarrhoeic goat kids from two single outbreaks. Group C rotaviruses were detected in four non-diarrhoeic goat kids. An association of diarrhoea and infection was demonstrated only for group B rotavirus.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from 10·8% of the diarrhoeic goat kids but not from non-diarrhoeic goat kids or lambs.Salmonella arizonaewas isolated from a diarrhoeic goat kid (2·7%) and the clinical characteristics of the outbreaks where these two latter enteropathogens were found different from the rest. Picobirnaviruses were detected in a diarrhoeic lamb. No coronaviruses were detected using a bovine coronavirus ELISA. No evidence was found of synergistic effect between the agents studied. Enteric pathogens were not found in four (8·7%) and three (20%) outbreaks of diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids, respectively.

Association of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) with prolonged diarrhoea

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan E Afset ◽  
Lars Bevanger ◽  
Pål Romundstad ◽  
Kåre Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Control Study

The aim of the present case control study was to investigate the prevalence of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and its possible role in causing diarrhoea among children < 5 years of age in Norway. Stool specimens received in the laboratory from children with suspected gastroenteritis (n = 251) were, in addition to routine testing, analysed for the presence of EPEC by PCR of the eae, bfpA and stx genes. Specimens from healthy children (n = 210) recruited from Maternal and Child Health Centres were analysed for EPEC only. EPEC isolates (eae +, stx −) were classified as typical (bfpA +) or atypical (bfpA −), and were tested for O : K serogroup. Information on duration of diarrhoea was recorded in a questionnaire and from referral forms. Atypical EPEC was diagnosed in 37 patients (14.7 %) compared to 21 (10.0 %) of the healthy controls [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, P = 0.3]. Only three isolates, all from patients, belonged to EPEC serogroups. One patient had typical EPEC. Twenty (22.5 %) of 89 patients with diarrhoea lasting ⩾14 days had atypical EPEC. The association between atypical EPEC and prolonged diarrhoea (OR = 2.1, P = 0.04) was caused by a high prevalence among female patients (40.6 %). In conclusion, atypical EPEC was found to be slightly more prevalent in patients than controls, without any overall significant association with diarrhoea. However, a significant association was observed with diarrhoea lasting 14 days or more, a finding that may indicate a role for atypical EPEC in prolonged disease.

Protective Effect of Curcumin on Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli–Induced Lung Injury in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagla Bali ◽  
Nejat Altintas ◽  
Ozlem Ozmete ◽  
Ibrahim Gelincik ◽  
Hakan Yabanoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Curcumin has remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on a rat model of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli–induced acute lung injury (ALI). Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups to induce an ALI: negative control group (rats not infected with E coli with no antibiotic treatment), positive control group (rats infected with E coli with no antibiotic treatment), imipenem group (rats infected with E coli that received intraperitoneal injection of imipenem), and the imipenem+curcumin group (rats infected with E coli that received intraperitoneal injection of imipenem and were fed on curcumin).The rats were killed, and lung tissues samples were harvested for biochemical analyses and histopathologic examination. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL6) were measured. TOS increased in the positive control group (P &lt; 0.001) and decreased in the imipenem and imipenem+curcumin groups (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). TAS decreased in the positive control group (P = 0.005). Imipenem treatment did not increase TAS, but the imipenem+curcumin group increased TAS (P = 0.014). TNFα and IL6 increased in the positive control group compared with the negative control group (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Imipenem decreased TNFα (P &lt; 0.001), but did not decrease IL6 (P = 0.418). Imipenem+curcumin decreased TNFα (P &lt; 0.001); this decrease was more pronounced compared with the imipenem group (P = 0.008). IL6 decreased in the curcumin group compared with the positive control group (P = 0.011). Curcumin combined with imipenem can be an alternative therapeutic agent to overcome the resistance of E coli strains.

Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli as an etiological factor of endometritis in cows and the susceptibility of these bacteria to selected antibiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Brodzki ◽  
M. Bochniarz ◽  
A. Brodzki ◽  
Z. Wrona ◽  
W. Wawron
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the percentage of participation of particular species of microorganisms, isolated from the uterus of cows with endometritis and from cows without inflammatory lesions of the uterus, in the same postpartum period. The aim of the study was also to examine how long after parturition non-treated endometritis persists. Moreover, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out of the bacterial isolates dominating in the uterus. Forty cows were included in the study: 20 cows with endometritis (experimental group) and 20 cows without any inflammatory condition of the uterus (control group). The material for cytological and bacteriological tests was collected on the 5th, 26th, 40thand 60thday after parturition, using an intrauterine brush adapted for cows. The total number of collected isolates was 149, including 120 isolates from the uterus of cows with endometritis and 29 isolates from the uterus of cows without endometritis. The following species of microorganisms were isolated from the material collected from cows with endometritis: T. pyogenes (49.2%), E.coli (22.5%), F. necrophorum (11.7%), Staphylococcus sp. (6.7%), B. melaninogenicus (5.8%), and Streptococcus sp. (4.1%). The participation percentage of particular species of bacteria in the material collected from the uterus of cows without endometritis was as follows: T. pyogenes (27.6%), E.coli (24.2%), Staphylococcus sp. (20.7%), Streptococcus sp. (20.7%), B. melaninogenicus (3.4%) and F. necrophorum (3.4%). The highest percentage of T. pyogenes isolates was susceptible to ceftiofur (89.6%); cefoperazone (85.1%) and amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid (79.1%). E. coli isolates were most susceptible to amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid (100%), cefoperazone (94.1%) and oxytetracycline (82.3%).

scholarly journals Association of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli with Diarrhea and Related Mortality in Kittens

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 2719-2735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Watson ◽  
Megan E. Jacob ◽  
James R. Flowers ◽  
Sandra J. Strong ◽  
Chitrita DebRoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Typical Epec ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Related Mortality

ABSTRACTDiarrhea is responsible for the death of approximately 900,000 children per year worldwide. In children, typical enteropathogenicEscherichia coli(EPEC) is a common cause of diarrhea and is associated with a higher hazard of death. Typical EPEC infection is rare in animals and poorly reproduced in experimental animal models. In contrast, atypical EPEC (aEPEC) infection is common in both children and animals, but its role in diarrhea is uncertain. Mortality in kittens is often attributed to diarrhea, and we previously identified enteroadherent EPEC in the intestines of deceased kittens. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of EPEC in kittens and whether infection was associated with diarrhea, diarrhea-related mortality, gastrointestinal pathology, or other risk factors. Kittens with and without diarrhea were obtained from two shelter facilities and determined to shed atypical EPEC at a culture-based prevalence of 18%. In contrast, quantitative PCR detected the presence of the gene for intimin (eae) in feces from 42% of kittens. aEPEC was isolated from kittens with and without diarrhea. However, kittens with diarrhea harbored significantly larger quantities of aEPEC than kittens without diarrhea. Kittens with aEPEC had a significantly greater severity of small intestinal and colonic lesions and were significantly more likely to have required subcutaneous fluid administration. These findings identify aEPEC to be prevalent in kittens and a significant primary or contributing cause of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea, dehydration, and associated mortality in kittens.

scholarly journals Impact of Probiotic on the Number of Lactic Acid Rods Forming Hydrogen Peroxide Isolated From Porkers and on Changes in Drug Resistance of Selected Escherichia Coli Isolates

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Selwet ◽  
Mariola Galbas ◽  
Piotr Dullin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Probiotic Preparation ◽  
Hydrogen Oxide

Abstract The presented investigations were conducted on a group of 60 porkers of crossbreed Polish Landrace x Large White Polish. The animals were divided into two equal experimental groups. The control group (K) was fed diets without supplementation with probiotics, group (P) - diets with the addition of probiotic (0.2 kg t-1 feed). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of probiotic preparation on total numberof lactic acid rods from the Lactobacillus genus and those forming hydrogen oxide. The second part of experiment concerned the influence of probiotic preparation on the number, haemolytic ability and changes in drug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from animal faeces. The significantly highest number of Lactobacillus sp. were determined in the saliva of porkers fed diets with the addition of probiotic, while the lowest in the control group. Lactobacillus sp. rods capable of forming hydrogen peroxide were isolated from 17 animals in group K and from three animals in group P. E. coli was determined in each examined sample of faeces. In groups K and P, counts of these bacteria were similar and did not differ statistically. High numbers of haemolytic isolates (haemolysis β) were found in faeces of animals fed diets with the addition of probiotic. Number and proportions of resistant isolates in groups K and P were different. Gentamicin was characterised by exceptionally high in vitro effectiveness. The used probiotic increased drug resistance of E. coli and increased frequency of incidence of haemolysis β.

An update on the microbiology and epidemiology of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in England 2010–2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1531-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Sakkejha ◽  
Lisa Byrne ◽  
Andy J. Lawson ◽  
Claire Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Infantile Diarrhoea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Atypical Epec ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Historically, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) are a well-known cause of outbreaks of infantile diarrhoea associated with morbidity and mortality in England. The aim of this study was to provide an update on the microbiology and epidemiology of strains of EPEC in England between 2010 and 2012. A wide range of E. coli serogroups were identified, with the most common being E. coli O145, O49 and O157. Few isolates (9 %) had additional virulence factors (specifically bfp, vtx2f and espT genes) and the majority were classified as atypical EPEC. The majority of cases (86 %) were among children. This included a significantly higher percentage (17.4 %) of cases aged 0–12 months when compared with cases of other common gastrointestinal pathogens (P<0.001). No outbreaks were reported during this period; however, the data indicated that EPEC are still an important cause of sporadic cases of infantile diarrhoea in England.

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