scholarly journals The potential function of forehead gland secretions in conflict resolution of the male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmian Zhang ◽  
Congnan Sun ◽  
Jeffrey R. Lucas ◽  
Hao Gu ◽  
Jiang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Potential Function ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Individual Discrimination ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Almost All

AbstractChemical communication is an important aspect of social behavior in almost all animals. Here, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect the chemical composition, and behavioral tests to evaluate the potential function of forehead gland secretions between adult male Great Himalayan leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideros armiger. Our results showed that the concentrations of compounds and their categories differed significantly among individuals, and behavioral studies indicated that males are capable of utilizing the secretions for individual discrimination. Moreover, paired males that were incapable of gland protrusion showed more physical contact and longer contest duration compared to pairs in which both males could protrude the gland. In trials where only one male could protrude the gland, males with gland protrusion were more likely to win in contests. These findings provide the first behavioral evidence that chemical communication plays a vital role in conflict resolution in non-human mammals.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Catalytic Degradation of Practical Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Modified Attapulgite Supported Multi-Metal Oxides

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Manjing Lu ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Yuzhong Wang ◽  
Zhengguang He
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Modified Attapulgite ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Almost All

Chemical synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater has characteristics of high concentration, high toxicity and poor biodegradability, so it is difficult to directly biodegrade. We used acid modified attapulgite (ATP) supported Fe-Mn-Cu polymetallic oxide as catalyst for multi-phase Fenton-like ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (photo-Fenton) treatment with actual chemical synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater as the treatment object. The results showed that at the initial pH of 2.0, light distance of 20 cm, and catalyst dosage and hydrogen peroxide concentration of 10.0 g/L and 0.5 mol/L respectively, the COD removal rate of wastewater reached 65% and BOD5/COD increased to 0.387 when the reaction lasted for 180 min. The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that Fenton-like reaction with Fe-Mn-Cu@ATP had good catalytic potential and significant synergistic effect, and could remove almost all heterocycle compounds well. 3D-EEM (3D electron microscope) fluorescence spectra showed that the fluorescence intensity decreased significantly during catalytic degradation, and the UV humus-like and fulvic acid were effectively removed. The degradation efficiency of the nanocomposite only decreased by 5.8% after repeated use for 6 cycles. It seems appropriate to use this process as a pre-treatment for actual pharmaceutical wastewater to facilitate further biological treatment.

Azim Azimzada’s attitude towards poetry of Mirza Alakbar Sabir

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (05) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Nəzrin Novruz qızı Məmmədova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Creative People ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Book Illustrations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
As If

The heritage that Mirza Alakbar Sabir left for us has always been a source of inspiration for creative people throughout ages. People who are engaged in fine art have always highly appreciated this work too. It requires too much responsibility to address Mirza Alakbar Sabir’s poetry, one of the most famous literary figures in world literature. As if the artists who addressed this patriotic writer’s poetry, feel the poet and created unique works with an inspiration that they got from him. It is undeniable that Azim Azimzada played a vital role in publicity of Mirza Alakbar Sabir’s poetry. Azim Azimzada’s all illustrations are engraved in people’s memory. Average spectators can perceive artist’s illustrations too. By looking through illustrations, it is possible to guess almost all poems that they are dedicated to. Educating people who are indifferent to education and waking them up from this ignorance was Azim Azimzada’s main goal. Artist’s illustrations differentiate with its harsh ironic spirit which is the main peculiarity of Sabir’s poetry. We can definitely see the strong influence of Sabir’s poetry in Azim Azimzada’s works. This is the reason why Azim Azimzada is usually called as Sabir of fine art. Literary approach of artists towards Sabir’s poetry has still been ongoing so far. Addressing Sabir’s poetry by most artists is the sign of love, respect and curiosity to Sabir’s works and life. Key words: Mirza Alakbar Sabir, book illustrations, Azim Azimzade, “Hophopname”, Azerbaijani graphic art, master of caricature

The Marine Environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Professor John Swarbrooke
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The World ◽  
Sheer Size ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Life On Earth

The fact that open ocean covers two-thirds of the surface of our planet dramati- cally illustrates the importance of the marine environment to life on Earth. But the importance of the oceans goes far beyond their sheer size for it is the oceans that largely determine our climate for the weather around the world is heavily influenced by what happens in our seas. ‘Weather patterns are primarily controlled by ocean currents which are influenced by surface winds, temperature, salinity, the Earth’s rotation and ocean tides....Ocean currents bring warm water and rain from the equator to the poles and cold water from the poles towards the equator’ (www.greentumble.com, 2016). Every schoolchild knows that the sun evaporates water from the sea which then become clouds that then produces almost all of the rain and snow which falls on every land mass in the world. The oceans also absorb heat from the sun and from human activities; this heat is then carried to the land in those places where the prevailing winds blow from the sea to the land. At the same time, the oceans play a vital role in the carbon cycle by absorbing carbon dioxide that is in the air.

Distance Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Ahmet Çetinkaya ◽  
Ali Murat Kırık
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Interpersonal Contact ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Education

As the COVID-19 disease rapidly transmitted through interpersonal contact, it required people to avoid physical contact. Almost all countries in the world have suspended the education of children and youth, a highly active network, and switched to online education to reduce the spread of the virus. Distance education, unlike the traditional education system, has a structure that does not require students to be on a campus or be in the same environment with instructors. As the global epidemic broke out, the distance education system was reviewed, and a new education order started to be established. Students, parents, and teachers found themselves in a situation they were not used to before. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of distance education are analyzed, hybrid and hybrid-flexible (hyflex) models are examined, the educational changes during the pandemic period as well as the anticipations of the post-pandemic period are reviewed, and lastly, future educational solutions are proposed.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Oregano Essential Oil and Its Fractions Obtained by Vacuum Distillation

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena de J. Rostro-Alanis ◽  
Juan Báez-González ◽  
Cynthia Torres-Alvarez ◽  
Roberto Parra-Saldívar ◽  
José Rodriguez-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Almost All

Oregano (Poliomintha longiflora) essential oil (Ooil) is a product of high commercial value and many applications, including chemotherapy. Aiming to achieve the best use of this resource, the present study focuses on the characterization of separated fractions of Ooil by fractional vacuum distillation at low pressure. Four fractions (F1–F4) and undistilled oil (Unoil) were separated from Ooil and analyzed for their chemical composition and biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry shows differences in the composition among the fractions and Ooil. The amount of monoterpenes oxygenated (MO), sesquiterpenes hydrocarbon (SeH) and monoterpenes hydrocarbon (MH) varied between the fractions in ranges of 1.51–68.08, 3.31–25.12 and 1.91–97.75%, respectively. The major concentrations of MO and SeH were observed in F4 and Unoil. On the other hand, the highest concentrations of MH were found in F1 and F2, while the lowest were in F4 and Unoil. These results were correlated with the biological activity. Free-radical scavenging activity varied among fractions, with F4 and Unoil showing the highest activity. The antimicrobial test showed that F4 and Unoil had the highest activity in almost all cases. The correlation between the variables studied in the different fractions allows the definition of the particular properties for each one of them.

Operations Research in Healthcare Supply Chain Management Under Fuzzy-Stochastic Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1833-1875
Author(s):  
S. Priyan ◽  
R Uthayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The People ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Operations research is for mankind in almost all aspects of our life. Applying the scientific method to the management of organizations, industry, government and other enterprises play a vital role in OR. It is used to increase productivity, to improve customer service, to improve quality and to reduce costs. Healthcare has attracted a great attention of governments in order to provide sufficient health services to the people. The provision of healthcare is very complicated and very responsible, that the right drug to the right people at the right time and in good condition to fight the disease. Today, the importance and significance of planning in healthcare can hardly be over emphasized when providing proper and adequate service continues to be a key concern of most countries. Operations research provides a wide range of methodologies that can help health care systems to significantly improve their operations. It helps to solve approximately all the problems involved in healthcare with its useful modeling techniques.

scholarly journals Cholangiocyte-Derived Exosomal lncRNA H19 Promotes Macrophage Activation and Hepatic Inflammation under Cholestatic Conditions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojiaoyang Li ◽  
Runping Liu ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
Weiwei Zhu ◽  
Derrick Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
M1 Polarization ◽  
Hepatic Macrophages ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Almost All

Activation of hepatic macrophages represents the critical driving force to promote cholestatic liver injury. Exosomes, as important small extracellular vesicles released by almost all types of cells, contribute to intercellular communication. We previously reported that cholangiocyte-derived exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 plays a vital role in disrupting bile acid homeostasis in hepatocytes and promoting the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Exosomal H19 derived from cholangiocytes was rapidly taken up by Kupffer cells. However, the mechanistic links between exosomal lncRNA H19 and macrophage-driven inflammation in cholestasis remain unclear. Here, we reported that the hepatic H19 level was closely correlated with macrophage activation and hepatic fibrosis in both Mdr2-/- and bile duct ligation (BDL) cholestatic mouse models, as well as in human primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) patients. Exosomal H19 significantly induced the expression and secretion of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Kupffer cells. H19-enriched exosomes enhanced the activation M1 polarization of Kupffer cells and promoted the recruitment and differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages, which were inhibited by a CCL-2 pharmacological inhibitor. In conclusion, Cholangiocyte-derived exosomal H19 played a critical role in macrophage activation, differentiation, and chemotaxis through CCL-2/CCR-2 signaling pathways, which represent a therapeutic target for cholestatic liver diseases.

scholarly journals Recent Advances on Iron(III) Selective Fluorescent Probes with Possible Applications in Bioimaging

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahoo ◽  
Crisponi
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Fluorescence Enhancement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental And Biological Samples ◽  
Almost All

Iron(III) is well-known to play a vital role in a variety of metabolic processes in almost all living systems, including the human body. However, the excess or deficiency of Fe3+ from the normal permissible limit can cause serious health problems. Therefore, novel analytical methods are developed for the simple, direct, and cost-effective monitoring of Fe3+ concentration in various environmental and biological samples. Because of the high selectivity and sensitivity, fast response time, and simplicity, the fluorescent-based molecular probes have been developed extensively in the past few decades to detect Fe3+. This review was narrated to summarize the Fe3+-selective fluorescent probes that show fluorescence enhancement (turn-on) and ratiometric response. The Fe3+ sensing ability, mechanisms along with the analytical novelties of recently reported 77 fluorescent probes are discussed.

scholarly journals Aromatic Characterization of Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) Using Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Olfactometry and Sensory Analyses

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haocheng Liu ◽  
Kejing An ◽  
Siqi Su ◽  
Yuanshan Yu ◽  
Jijun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Frequency Detection ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aromatic Components

Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are wildly cultivated in China with different commercial varieties; however, characterization of their aromatic profiles is limited. To better understand the aromatic compounds in different mango fruits, the characteristic aromatic components of five Chinese mango varieties were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) techniques. Five major types of substances, including alcohols, terpenes, esters, aldehydes, and ketones were detected. GC-O (frequency detection (FD)/order-specific magnitude estimation (OSME)) analysis identified 23, 20, 20, 24, and 24 kinds of aromatic components in Jinmang, Qingmang, Guifei, Hongyu, and Tainong, respectively. Moreover, 11, 9, 9, 8, and 17 substances with odor activity values (OAVs) ≥1 were observed in Jinmang, Qingmang, Guifei, Hongyu, and Tainong, respectively. Further sensory analysis revealed that the OAV and GC-O (FD/OSME) methods were coincided with the main sensory aromatic profiles (fruit, sweet, flower, and rosin aromas) of the five mango pulps. Approximately 29 (FD ≥ 6, OSME ≥ 2, OAV ≥ 1) aroma-active compounds were identified in the pulps of five mango varieties, namely, γ-terpinene, 1-hexanol, hexanal, terpinolene trans-2-heptenal, and p-cymene, which were responsible for their special flavor. Aldehydes and terpenes play a vital role in the special flavor of mango, and those in Tainong were significantly higher than in the other four varieties.

scholarly journals Dynamics, temperature, chemistry, and dust: Ingredients for a self-consistent AGB wind

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S343) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
J. Boulangier ◽  
D. Gobrecht ◽  
L. Decin
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Agb Stars ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Evolutionary Phase ◽  
Almost All

AbstractUnderstanding Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars is important as they play a vital role in the chemical life cycle of galaxies. AGB stars are in a phase of their life time where they have almost ran out of fuel and are losing vast amounts of material to their surroundings, via stellar winds. As this is an evolutionary phase of low mass stars, almost all stars go through this phase making them one of the main contributors to the chemical enrichment of galaxies. It is therefore important to understand what kind of material is being lost by these stars, and how much and how fast. This work summarises the steps we have taken towards developing a self-consistent AGB wind model. We improve on current models by firstly coupling chemical and hydrodynamical evolution, and secondly by upgrading the nucleation theory framework to investigate the creation of TiO2, SiO, MgO, and Al2O3 clusters.

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