scholarly journals Oral immunization of broilers with chitosan nano-encapsulated extracellular and cell wall proteins of necrotic enteritis-induced Clostridium perfringens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Muinis Ramadan ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Sankar Renu ◽  
Gourapura Renukaradhya ◽  
Ramesh Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Feed Conversion

AbstractCurrently, there is no commercial vaccine to control Clostridium perfringens (CP) or necrotic enteritis – a clinically and economically devastating disease. Two chitosan-nanoparticle encapsulated CP (CNP-CP) vaccines using extracellular proteins (ECP) and cell wall proteins (CWP) were synthesized: a CNP-CP ECP + CWP vaccine (SC vaccine) and a CNP-CP ECP + CWP surface-adsorbed CWP vaccine (SCC vaccine). The experiment comprised a complete randomized design of 3 treatments replicated 5 times: SC, SCC and nonimmunized control. Broilers orally gavaged with SC or SCC vaccine were primed and boosted with 70μg dose at 3- and 14-days post-hatch (dph). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed bands at 54.7 and 84.7 kDa in the ECP and 17 bands for CWP fraction. There were no differences in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate between treatments. At 17dph, serum of birds in the SC and SCC groups had higher neutralizing antibodies (P<0.01) compared to the control group. At 17dph, there was an increase in bile anti-ECP IgA levels in the SC vaccinated birds and a non-significant increase in SCC vaccinated birds compared to control. At 17dph, bile specific anti-CP CWP IgA levels were greater (P<0.05) in both immunized groups compared to control. At 17 and 21dph, serum anti-ECP and anti-CP CWP IgY levels in SC and SCC birds were comparable to the control. At 21dph, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in SC and SCC vaccinated groups were elevated (P ≤ 0.01) compared to control. At 17dph, SC and SCC vaccinated birds had a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.001) in α-toxin levels in caecal contents compared to control. Caecal α-toxin levels remained reduced at 21dph (P < 0.05) in SC birds and numerically reduced in SCC vaccinated birds compared to control. Jejunal CP load in SCC birds was significantly reduced by 1.4 Log10 copy numbers of CP/g compared to control and no differences were observed in liver CP load between immunized and non-immunized birds. SC and SCC immunization did not alter TNF-α, IL-10, iNOS, IL-6 or IL-17 mRNA expression. At 17 and 21dph, SC and SCC immunized birds demonstrated greater sera bactericidal activity compared to control. CNP-SC and CNP-SCC immunization induced specific immune response against C. perfringens and reduced CP colonization via oral route of administration.

scholarly journals The effects of Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens induced subclinical necrotic enteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Rachid Merati ◽  
◽  
Ali Alaa Abdel-Fattah Mohamed ◽  
Zahra Berrama ◽  
Hebib Aggad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Feed Conversion

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) on the growth performance, intestinal lesions and ileal Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) count of broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens induced sub-clinical necrotic enteritis (NE). A total of 150 broiler chicks, allocated into five treatment groups (6 replicates of 5 chicks/cage), were reared in cages for 29 days: T0 (control group, not infected, not supplemented); T1 (infected with C. perfringens, not supplemented); T2 (infected with C. perfringens and coccidia, not supplemented); T3 (infected with C. perfringens and coccidia, supplemented with P. acidilactici); T4 (infected with C. perfringens and coccidia, supplemented with S. cerevisiae). The parameters analyzed were: body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, intestinal lesion score and ileal C. perfringens enumeration by quantitative real-time PCR. The challenge resulted in impairment of growth performance, increased lesion score (≤ 2) and overgrowth of the C. perfringens population. However, the dietary inclusion of P. acidilactici or S. cerevisiae caused a significant improvement in feed conversion, net reduction of gut lesions, as well as a decrease in the intestinal C. perfringens population. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with probiotics (P. acidilactici or S. cerevisiae) could be beneficial to alleviate the negative effects of subclinical NE in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 Supplementation Attenuates the Effects of Clostridium perfringens Challenge on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Bortoluzzi ◽  
Bruno Serpa Vieira ◽  
Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam ◽  
Anita Menconi ◽  
Adebayo Sokale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Infected Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 (probiotic) on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens (CP). One-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to 3 treatments with 8 replicate pens (50 birds/pen). The treatments were: non-infected control; infected control; and infected supplemented with probiotic (1 × 106 CFU/g of feed). On day of hatch, all birds were sprayed with a coccidia vaccine based on the manufacturer recommended dosage. On d 18–20 the infected birds were inoculated with CP via feed. Necrotic enteritis (NE) lesion score was performed on d 21. Digestive tract of 2 birds/pen was collected on d 21 to analyze the ileal and cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Performance was evaluated on d 28 and 42. On d 21, probiotic supplementation reduced (p < 0.001) the severity of NE related lesion versus infected control birds. On d 28, feed efficiency was improved (p < 0.001) in birds supplemented with probiotic versus infected control birds. On d 42, body weight gain (BW gain) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p < 0.001) in probiotic supplemented birds versus infected control birds. The diversity, composition and predictive function of the intestinal microbial digesta changed with the infection but the supplementation of probiotic reduced these variations. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 was beneficial in attenuating the negative effects of CP challenge on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of oxidized β-carotene-oxygen copolymer compound on health and performance of pre- and post-weaned pigs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Van Kinh ◽  
William W. Riley ◽  
James G. Nickerson ◽  
Doan Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Van Phu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractThe discovery that a naturally occurring, biologically active β-carotene-oxygen copolymer compound is the main product formed in spontaneously oxidized β-carotene has stimulated interest in its potential health benefits. The copolymer, formed in nature or synthetically by the air-oxidation of β-carotene, possesses beneficial immune modulating activities that previously had been attributed to β-carotene itself. Support for these benefits is provided by previous studies showing that supplementation in feed with low parts-per-million levels of copolymer-rich, fully oxidized β-carotene (OxBC) helped reduce the negative impact of subclinical necrotic enteritis in broilers and improved growth in weaned piglets. To further assess these potential benefits, two trials were conducted in swine raised under commercial conditions in Vietnam. Trial 1, a 140-day full-grow, post-wean study with 500 28-day-old pigs, compared 2, 4 or 8 ppm OxBC against both an unsupplemented and an antibiotic control group. OxBC and antibiotics each improved growth rate, feed efficiency, and body weight compared to the control (P<0.001). Animals receiving 4 and 8 ppm OxBC performed better than did animals on antibiotics (P<0.001). In starter pigs, OxBC reduced the occurrence of diarrhea dose-dependently (4 and 8 ppm) and to a greater extent than did antibiotics (P<0.001). Trial 2, a 49-day study with 420 piglets, was conducted in two-stages. In Stage 1 (pre-wean), OxBC in the transition (creep) feed produced a dose-dependent trend toward increased body weight over 21 days, reaching significance at the highest inclusion level (16 ppm) (P<0.001). In Stage 2 (post-wean), body weight gain showed a dose-dependent trend and was significant for both 8 ppm OxBC and the antibiotics at 28 days post-wean (P<0.001). Feed conversion was better at 8 ppm OxBC and for the antibiotic group (P<0.001). These findings support the concept that β-carotene-oxygen copolymers help optimize immune function, and provide validation for the effectiveness of this strategy in enhancing animal performance in the absence of in-feed antibiotics.

scholarly journals Стимуляція продукції гормону росту у ягнят і поросят під дією Гамавіту

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
A.V. Sanin ◽  
A.V. Deyeva ◽  
A.N. Narovlyansky ◽  
A.V. Pronin ◽  
V.V. Behalo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Experimental Group

Among the most important issues of food safety, which conducted an extensive international discussion, is the use in livestock of drugs, such as recombinant bovine growth hormone, or somatotropin, and, in particular, ractopamine, stimulating the growth of cattle, pigs and poultry. Ractopamine is used in veterinary medicine to increase the meatiness of the carcass. Ractopamine improves feed conversion, reduces body fat through lipolysis and an intense muscle-building. In the United States, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada and many other countries, ractopamine is allowed for usage as growth stimulator in livestock. However, in most countries of the European Union the use of ractopamine is forbidden. In this regard, it seems very important to develop effective and safe drugs that can stimulate the production of endogenous somatotropic hormone (STH). We propose to use for this purpose Gamavit – well-studied veterinary medicine stimulating metabolism and widely used by veterinary specialists in the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus and some other countries. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Gamavit on STH production in suckling piglets and lambs. Previously it was shown elsewhere that Gamavit induced 2-fold increase in the STH blood level in calves. The experiment was done using 30 suckling piglets of Landrace breed at the age of 0 to 7 days and 10 newborn lambs of the Stavropol breed. All animals were kept in identical conditions, they were fed the same balanced diet. The study was conducted according to the following protocol: The piglets of the 1st group (control) received 0.9% NaCl solution at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg intramuscularly on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th days of the experiment. Piglets of group 2 (experimental) were inoculated with Gamavit at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg intramuscularly on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th days of the experiment. Lambs were inoculated with Gamavit at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg of body weight on 7th, 14th and 21st days after birth. Using method of enzyme immunoassay we shown that during the study level of STH in the experimental group of piglets inoculated with Gamavit gradually increased from 8.5 mIU/l before the experiment to 14.3 mIU/l on the 5th day. In the control group it ranged from 7.5 mIU/l to 10.2 mIU\l. At the end of the experiment greatest body weight gain was observed in the experimental group and amounted 45.450 g compared with 26,700 g in the control group piglets. In the experimental group of newborn lambs Gamavit induced raise in the STH serum level 2 from 6.5 mIU/l at day 0 to 13.1 mIU/l at day 21. Thus, Gamavit, unlike synthetic growth hormone, ractopamine and other beta-agonists used in livestock, induces the production of endogenous STH, which stimulates growth of the animal, while being safe and rapidly metabolizing on its own metabolic pathway.

scholarly journals Effects of including autolyzed yeast in the finishing of feedlot steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 2471-2488
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bobato Pontarolo ◽  
◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Fernando Braga Cristo ◽  
Edelmir Silvio Stadler Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Steers

Functional additives, such as autolyzed yeasts, have been used to achieve greater production efficiency and animal health. These compounds are also alternatives to the use of performance-enhancing antimicrobials. The objective was to evaluate the productive performance, ingestive behavior, apparent digestibility of feed DM and the carcass characteristics of beef steers finished in feedlot receiving autolyzed yeasts in the diet. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of three treatments and six repetitions, where each repetition was represented by a stall with two animals. 36 bulls, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore blood, from the same herd, with an average age of 11 months and an average body weight of ± 330 kg were used.The treatments were as follows: CON - yeast-free diet; Y4 - yeast diet (4 g animal day-1) and Y7 - yeast diet (7 g animal day-1). The product used is a functional ingredient containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The inclusion of autolyzed yeasts resulted in greater daily body weight gain and better feed conversion in the initial feedlot phase. The apparent digestibility of DM of diets containing autolyzed yeast was superior to the control diet, and its use did not interfere with the animal ingestive behavior. Supplementation with autolyzed yeasts at the inclusion level of 4 g day-1 promoted better results in the finishing of feedlot steers, and that the supplemented groups (4 g animal day-1 and 7 g animal day-1) achieved the same degree of carcass finishing, higher than the control group.

scholarly journals Effect of methionine supplementation on the growth performance of rabbit

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Yesmin ◽  
ME Uddin ◽  
R Chacrabati ◽  
M Al-Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Four Levels

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of methionine supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of growing rabbit. Sixteen weaned crossbred New Zealand White (NZW) growing rabbits (30-35 d) were distributed into four treatment groups having four replications in each group using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Basal diet composed of green grass (dhal grass) and concentrate mixture which was offered ad libitum basis for 56 days period. Four levels of methionine such as 0.0% (control), 0.15%, 0.25%, and 0.35% were supplemented randomly to rabbits. Results showed that supplementation of methionine did not affect green grass intake. Cumulative as well as daily concentrate and DM intake were significantly (p<0.05) higher for all methionine groups than control group. Final body weight gain as well as daily, weekly and cumulative body weight gains were improved significantly with increasing level of methionine. It was found that methionine had significant (p<0.01) effect on digestibility of DM, CP, NFE and EE but CF digestibility did not differ significantly. Digestibility was improved with increasing the level of methionine. Feed conversion ratio also decreased significantly with methionine supplementation, and 0.25% methionine group showed the best performance among the four treatments. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v42i1.15777 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2013. 42 (1): 40 43

Effects of xylanase supplementation on between-bird variation in energy metabolism and the number of Clostridium perfringens in broilers fed a wheat-based diet

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Choct ◽  
M. Sinlae ◽  
R. A. M. Al-Jassim ◽  
D. Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Individual Bird ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Three experiments were conducted to examine: (a) the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) contents, the level of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), and the extract viscosity value of 9 wheat samples; (b) the efficacy of a xylanase in reducing between-bird variation for AME; and (c) the effect of a xylanase on the number of Clostridium perfringens in broilers fed a low AME wheat diet. Experiment 1 revealed that the AME value of wheat varied from 11.5 to 13.6 MJ/kg dry matter (DM), which negatively correlated with the total NSP level (r = –0.97). Experiment 2 involved a 48-cage individual bird trial, where xylanase increased (P < 0.05) the AME from 12.51 to 13.09 MJ/kg DM and reduced (P < 0.05) its standard deviation from 1.13 to 0.52. The standard deviation for feed conversion ratio, ileal viscosity, and faecal viscosity was also reduced. In this experiment, there was a strong correlation between AME and excreta viscosity (r = –0.81) and the caecal xylanase activity of birds fed the control diet was positively correlated with AME (r = 0.72). In Expt 3, xylanase reduced the number of Clostridium perfringens, the causative agent for necrotic enteritis, to a non-detectable level in the ileum and caeca of broilers fed a low-ME wheat diet.

scholarly journals Cistanche deserticola Addition Improves Growth, Digestibility, and Metabolism of Sheep Fed on Fresh Forage from Alfalfa/Tall Fescue Pasture

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xulei Liu ◽  
Fuyao Liu ◽  
Tianhai Yan ◽  
Shenghua Chang ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study is targeted at evaluating whether C. deserticola addition promotes digestion, nitrogen and energy use, and methane production of sheep fed on fresh forage from alfalfa/tall fescue pastures. The sheep feeding trial was conducted with four addition levels with C. deserticola powder, and a basal diet of fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Addition levels of 4% and 6% improved average body weight gain (BWG) by 215.71 and 142.86 g/d, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 0.20 and 0.14, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ether extract (EE) was 62.25%, 65.18%, 58.75%, and 47.25% under the addition level of 2%, which is greater than that in the control group. C. deserticola addition improved energy utilization efficiency, while addition levels of 2% and 4% increased nitrogen intake and deposited nitrogen. Overall, C. deserticola has the potential to improve growth performance, digestion of sheep, so it has suitability to be used as a feed additive.

scholarly journals Effect of the dietary inclusion of the growth promoter avoparcin on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing goat kids

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
V. A. BABIDIS (Β. Μ. ΜΠΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
P. FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ) ◽  
D. KUFIDIS (Δ. ΚΟΥΦΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
A. B. SPAIS (A.B. ΣΠΑΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Indigenous Goat

A trial was conducted with 32 indigenous goat kids (Capra prisca) 8,5 weeks old to examine the effectiveness of dietary avoparcin as growth promoting factor. The kids were randomly allocated into two groups (control- and avoparcin group with initial mean body weight of 11,61 ±1,16 kg and 11,57±1,47 kg, respectively) comprising of 16 kids (8 male and 8 female) each. For a period of 12 weeks, kids in the control group were given lucerne (alfalfa) hay (mean daily consumption 170 g/head) and an appropriate compound diet (given ad libitum), while kids in the avoparcin group were fed the same diet except that the compound diet was supplemented with avoparcin (20 mg/kg). Avoparcin supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved final mean body weight by 10.57% (19.24 ± 2.33 kg vs. 17.40 ± 2.30 kg), body weight gain (BWG) by 32.30% (7.66 ± 1.42 kg vs. 5.79 ± 1.74 kg), mean daily feed consumption in dry matter basis (DM) by 14.24% (551.80 ± 31.60 g DM vs. 483.02 ± 28.94 g DM), feed conversion ratio by 13.62% (6.09 ± 0.47 kg DM consumption/kg BWG vs. 7.05 ± 0.56 kg DM consumption/kg BWG) and carcass weight by 14.86% (11.44 ± 1.48 kg vs. 9.96 ± 1.76 kg). Moreover, no significant differences (P>0.05) were noticed neither in carcass yield and carcass chemical composition nor in percentages of small intestine-, major omentum-, lung-,heart-, liver- and spleen weight in the body weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document