scholarly journals Multifocal vascular affection in a patient with angina pectoris - rationale and design of a clinical study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Magdalena Pintova ◽  
Iana Simova ◽  
Nikolay Dimitrov ◽  
Jordan Krasnaliev ◽  
Vladimir Kornovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Accumulation Of Lipids

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large and middle arteries and is characterized mainly by endothelial dysfunction, inflammation of the vascular wall and the accumulation of lipids, cholesterol, calcium and cell debris in the intima of the vascular wall. This accumulation leads to plaque formation, vascular remodeling, acute and chronic obstruction of the vessel lumen, blood flow abnormalities, and reduced oxygen supply to target organs. As a result, blood vessels become harder and their lumen shrinks, which increases the risk of obstruction and thrombosis. Depending on the affected area, the corresponding symptoms appear - angina or myocardial infarction when affecting the coronary circulation; transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke affecting cerebral circulation; claudication or gangrene when affecting the limbs; aneurysm or dissection affecting the aorta. Various risk factors are known to affect the onset of the disease. They are divided into adjustable (dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, inactivity, emotional stress, etc.) and unadjustable (gender, age, family predisposition). The risk of developing atherosclerosis increases significantly in the presence of several risk factors. For example, the presence of 2 risk factors increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis 4 times. The atherosclerotic process is multifocal - it develops everywhere in the body - affecting the cardiac, cerebral and peripheral arteries almost simultaneously or sequentially. Its isolated manifestations in only one area are an exception.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Thailand with emphasis on hematological and ultrasonographic changes

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kris Angkanaporn ◽  
Jidapha Sanguanwai ◽  
Taratip O. Baiyokvichit ◽  
Pichamon Vorrachotvarittorn ◽  
Montana Wongsompong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Background and Aim: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a tropical endemic tick-borne disease that causes fatality or chronic infection involving many organs in dogs. This study aimed to examine the prevalence, risk factors, and hematological and ultrasonographic changes in the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and spleen following CME infection. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study used 30,269 samples collected from dogs at the hematology section of the pathology unit of a university veterinary hospital and 35 samples collected from dogs at the diagnostic imaging unit. CME was determined using the buffy coat smear method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and odds ratios. Results: CCl4 The data revealed that the average yearly prevalence of CME was 1.32%. Risk factors contributing to CME infection were a tick on the body during physical examination, lack of ectoparasite control, and outdoor living. All 148 dogs with CME infection had low platelet counts. The percentages of CME-infected dogs with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and both enzymes above the normal range were 33.6%, 65.9%, and 29.8%, respectively. The rates for elevated serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and both compounds were 33.1%, 19.1%, and 17.3%, respectively. The most common ultrasonographic changes were liver abnormalities (hyperechogenicity or hypoechogenicity, hepatomegaly, and hypoechoic nodules), hyperechogenicity of the kidneys, and an enlarged spleen. These ultrasonographic changes were consistent with the hematology results, which showed a greater elevation of serum liver enzyme levels than renal enzymes. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic changes during CME infection and after treatment with doxycycline can help to monitor and identify persistent pathological changes in the target organs resulting from immune response to CME.

scholarly journals Prediction of remodeling of arteries of kidneys of small diameter in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
E. S. Levickaja ◽  
M. M. Batiushin ◽  
E. A. Sinel’nik ◽  
A. D. Bagmet ◽  
A. A. Mokrushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Inflammation

Objective: to determine the significance of clinical, laboratory and morphometric indicators of structural restructuring of kidney tissue in the prognosis of remodeling of small-diameter kidney arteries in patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis. Materials and methods: the study included 97 patients with primary chronic glomerulonephritis and indications for puncture nephrobiopsy. In all patients, anamnestic and clinical and laboratory risk factors were recorded, and nephrobiopsy was performed. When performing morphometric analysis of nephrobiopsy, the state of the tissue and vessels of the kidneys of small diameter was studied. To achieve this goal, all patients were divided into two groups, the ranking of which was carried out according to the median wall thickness of the interlobular artery. Results: Among all the risk factors studied, a statistically significant effect of an increase in the stages of hypertension (χ2 criterion = 4.24, p = 0.03) and a decrease in GFR (χ2 criterion = 5.92, p = 0.015) on the risk of increasing the thickness of the interlobular artery was found. The indicators of structural reconstruction of the renal tissue did not have a statistically significant effect on the likelihood of remodeling of the arterial wall. However, a direct correlation of weak strength was found between the severity of tubulointerstitial inflammation and the thickness of the wall of the interlobular artery (r = 0.23, p = 0.02). Conclusions: this work shows the paramount importance of hypertension, accompanied by damage to target organs, as a marker of remodeling of the vascular wall of the interlobular artery in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

scholarly journals Role of the Vasa Vasorum and Vascular Resident Stem Cells in Atherosclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-ichi Kawabe ◽  
Naoyuki Hasebe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Vasa Vasorum ◽  
Atheromatous Plaques ◽  
Resident Stem Cells ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Conducting Tube

Atherosclerosis is considered an “inside-out” response, that begins with the dysfunction of intimal endothelial cells and leads to neointimal plaque formation. The adventitia of large blood vessels has been recognized as an active part of the vessel wall that is involved in the process of atherosclerosis. There are characteristic changes in the adventitial vasa vasorum that are associated with the development of atheromatous plaques. However, whether vasa vasorum plays a causative or merely reactive role in the atherosclerotic process is not completely clear. Recent studies report that the vascular wall contains a number of stem/progenitor cells that may contribute to vascular remodeling. Microvessels serve as the vascular niche that maintains the resident stem/progenitor cells of the tissue. Therefore, the vasa vasorum may contribute to vascular remodeling through not only its conventional function as a blood conducting tube, but also its new conceptual function as a stem cell reservoir. This brief review highlights the recent advances contributing to our understanding of the role of the adventitial vasa vasorum in the atherosclerosis and discusses new concept that involves vascular-resident factors, the vasa vasorum and its associated vascular-resident stem cells, in the atherosclerotic process.

Model Characterization of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Analysis of Lung Pathology with Respect to Human Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eptisam lambu
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Lung Pathogenesis ◽  
Arterial Endothelial Cells

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare multifactorial disease characterized by abnormal high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, or increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), caused by obstruction in the small arteries of the lung. Increased PVR is also thought to be caused by abnormal vascular remodeling, due to thickening of the pulmonary vascular wall resulting from significant hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial smooth-muscle cells (PASMCs) and increased proliferation/impaired apoptosis of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). Herein, we investigated the mechanisms and explored molecular pathways mediating the lung pathogenesis in two PAH rat models: Monocrotaline (MCT) and Sugen5416/Hypoxia (SuHx). We analyzed these disease models to determine where the vasculature shows the most severe PAH pathology and which model best recapitulates the human disease. We investigated the role vascular remodeling, hypoxia, cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage and inflammation play in the pathogenesis of PAH. Neither model recapitulated all features of the human disease, however each model presented with some of the pathology seen in PAH patients.

Association between muscle strength and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago R. de Lima ◽  
Priscila C. Martins ◽  
Giuseppe L. Torre ◽  
Alice Mannocci ◽  
Kelly S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference List

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence for the association between muscle strength (MS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents. Five databases (Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to November 2019 with complementary reference list searches. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the relationship between MS and MetS or MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents (≤19 years of age). Risk of bias was assessed using standard procedures. From the total of 15,599 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included, representing 11,641 children and adolescents. Higher MS values were associated with lower risk for MetS or combinations of risk factors for MetS (n=11/13 studies). Of the total of included studies, about 23.1% (03/13) were longitudinal and all included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This review provides preliminary evidence for a beneficial relationship between MS and MetS among children and adolescents. Additionally, although the body of evidence points to the beneficial relationship between higher MS and lower risk for combination of factors for MetS in children and adolescents, this relationship is inconclusive.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Multi-Morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Factors as Predictors of Severe COVID-19 Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110185
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Nanda ◽  
Audry S. Chacin Suarez ◽  
Loren Toussaint ◽  
Ann Vincent ◽  
Karen M. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Morbidity Score ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate body mass index, multi-morbidity, and COVID-19 Risk Score as predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Patients Patients from this study are from a well-characterized patient cohort collected at Mayo Clinic between January 1, 2020 and May 23, 2020; with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis defined as a positive result on reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assays from nasopharyngeal swab specimens. Measures Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the electronic medical record. The data included: date of birth, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, medications (active COVID-19 agents), weight and height (from which the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated, history of smoking, and comorbid conditions to calculate the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the U.S Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) multi-morbidity score. An additional COVID-19 Risk Score was also included. Outcomes included hospital admission, ICU admission, and death. Results Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the impact on mortality or hospital admission. Age, sex, and race (white/Latino, white/non-Latino, other, did not disclose) were adjusted for in the model. Patients with higher COVID-19 Risk Scores had a significantly higher likelihood of being at least admitted to the hospital (HR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.50; P < .001), or experiencing death or inpatient admission (includes ICU admissions) (HR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.42; P = .028). Age was the only statistically significant demographic predictor, but obesity was not a significant predictor of any of the outcomes. Conclusion Age and COVID-19 Risk Scores were significant predictors of severe COVID-19 outcomes. Further work should examine the properties of the COVID-19 Risk Factors Scale.

scholarly journals Replicative Deformed Wing Virus Found in the Head of Adults from Symptomatic Commercial Bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) Colonies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cilia ◽  
Laura Zavatta ◽  
Rosa Ranalli ◽  
Antonio Nanetti ◽  
Laura Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Virus Localization ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

The deformed wing virus (DWV) is one of the most common honey bee pathogens. The virus may also be detected in other insect species, including Bombus terrestris adults from wild and managed colonies. In this study, individuals of all stages, castes, and sexes were sampled from three commercial colonies exhibiting the presence of deformed workers and analysed for the presence of DWV. Adults (deformed individuals, gynes, workers, males) had their head exscinded from the rest of the body and the two parts were analysed separately by RT-PCR. Juvenile stages (pupae, larvae, and eggs) were analysed undissected. All individuals tested positive for replicative DWV, but deformed adults showed a higher number of copies compared to asymptomatic individuals. Moreover, they showed viral infection in their heads. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained DWV amplicons belonged to a strain isolated in the United Kingdom. Further studies are needed to characterize the specific DWV target organs in the bumblebees. The result of this study indicates the evidence of DWV infection in B. terrestris specimens that could cause wing deformities, suggesting a relationship between the deformities and the virus localization in the head. Further studies are needed to define if a specific organ could be a target in symptomatic bumblebees.

scholarly journals 745 Risk Factors of Incident Renal Stones in Indian Population: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Singh ◽  
S Gupta ◽  
T S Mishra ◽  
B D Banerjee ◽  
T Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction Nephrolithiasis is pathological calcification in the excretory passages of the body and is prevalent among 7.6% of Indians. We aimed to study the various risk factors associated with renal stones from India. Method It was a hospital-based case-control study conducted over 18 months in a tertiary hospital in Delhi. Cases were defined as patients with renal stones diagnosed on the basis of history and radiological examination. Controls were similar to cases in all respects except for the diagnosis and selected from the hospital. A total of 18 risk factors, including age, gender, heavy metals, stress, metabolic factors, alcohol intake, dietary habits, co-morbidities, etc. were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the strength of the risk associations. Results In the analysis of 60 cases and controls, we found 6 times, 5.5 times, and 2.4 times increased odds of renal stones in patients with increased arsenic, cadmium, and lead concentrations in blood, respectively. Similarly, there are 3 times increased odds of renal stones in patients suffering from stress. Conclusions Exposure to smoke, occupation dust, and contaminated water may lead to an increased ingestion/inhalation of heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, and predisposing people to an increased risk of renal stones.

scholarly journals The Role of Visceral Obesity, Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity on Surgical Outcomes After Liver Resections for Colorectal Metastases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Runkel ◽  
T. D. Diallo ◽  
S. A. Lang ◽  
F. Bamberg ◽  
M. Benndorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Postoperative Outcomes ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Colorectal Metastases ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Body Compositions

Abstract Background The impact of body compositions on surgical results is controversially discussed. This study examined whether visceral obesity, sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity influence the outcome after hepatic resections of synchronous colorectal liver metastases. Methods Ninety-four consecutive patients with primary hepatic resections of synchronous colorectal metastases were identified from a single center database between January 2013 and August 2018. Patient characteristics and 30-day morbidity were retrospectively analyzed. Body fat and skeletal muscle were calculated by planimetry from single-slice CT images at the level of L3. Results Fifty-nine patients (62.8%) underwent minor hepatectomies, and 35 patients underwent major resections (37.2%). Postoperative complications occurred in 60 patients (62.8%) including 35 patients with major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade III–V). The mortality was nil at 30 days and 2.1% at 90 days. The body mass index showed no influence on postoperative outcomes (p = 1.0). Visceral obesity was found in 66 patients (70.2%) and was significantly associated with overall and major complication rates (p = .002, p = .012, respectively). Sarcopenia was observed in 34 patients (36.2%) without a significant impact on morbidity (p = .461), however, with longer hospital stay. Sarcopenic obesity was found in 18 patients (19.1%) and was significantly associated with postoperative complications (p = .014). Visceral obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were all identified as significant risk factors for overall postoperative complications. Conclusion Visceral obesity, sarcopenic obesity and sarcopenia are independent risk factors for overall complications after resections of CRLM. Early recognition of extremes in body compositions could prompt to perioperative interventions and thus improve postoperative outcomes.

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