scholarly journals Serological prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among children and young age (between age 2-17 years) group in India: An interim result from a large multi-centric population-based seroepidemiological study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Misra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Interim Result ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Concern has been raised in India regarding the probable third wave of COVID-19 where children and young age group is thought to get affected the most. There is a lack of serological prevalence data in this age group. We have some interim data from our research for WHO unity protocol, which might help policymakers and the research community to answer such questions based on evidence. Hence, we conducted a study to compare the COVID -19 sero-positivity rate between children and adults Methods/Materials: This is part of an ongoing large multi-centric population-based sero-surveillance study. The study is being conducted in five selected states with a proposed total sample size of 10,000. We have data of 4,500 participants at the time of midterm analysis from four states of India. Total serum antibody against SARS-CoV-2 virus was assessed qualitatively by using a standard ELISA kit. Here we are reporting the interim data of serological prevalence among children aged between 2 to 17 years along with a comparison with ≥18-year old participants. Results: The data collection period was from 15th March 2021 to 10th June 2021. Total available data was of 4,509 participants out of which <18 years were 700 and ≥18 years was 3,809. The site-wise number of available data among the 2-17 year age group were 92, 189, 165, 146 and 108 for the site of Delhi urban resettlement colony, Delhi rural (Villages in Faridabad district under Delhi NCR), Bhubaneswar rural, Gorakhpur rural and Agartala rural area respectively. The seroprevalence was 55.7% in the <18 years age group and 63.5% in the ≥ 18 year age group. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence between adult and children. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 sero-positivity rate among children was high and were comparable to the adult population. Hence, it is unlikely that any future third wave by prevailing COVID-19 variant would disproportionately affect children two years or older.

OBSERVATIONS OF TOTAL SERUM BASE IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS BY A CONDUCTIVITY METHOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-809
Author(s):  
W. M. KELSEY ◽  
L. B. LEINBACH
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Conductivity Method ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Deviations

Values for total serum base in 96 normal children under 12 years of age as determined by the conductivity method fell between 143 to 160.5 mEq./l. The mean was 153. Standard deviations for each age group are given. The values in 73 normal persons above the age of 12 varied from 142 to 160.5 mEq./l. The mean was 147 mEq./l. A statistically significant difference between the total serum base in children and adults was found.

scholarly journals Existing comorbidities in people with osteoarthritis: a retrospective analysis of a population-based cohort in Alberta, Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e033334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Marshall ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Cheryl Barnabe ◽  
Karen Yee ◽  
Peter D Faris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Significant Difference

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities among people with osteoarthritis (OA) using administrative health data.DesignRetrospective cohort analysis.SettingAll residents in the province of Alberta, Canada registered with the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan population registry.Participants497 362 people with OA as defined by ‘having at least one OA-related hospitalization, or at least two OA-related physician visits or two ambulatory care visits within two years’.Primary outcome measuresWe selected eight comorbidities based on literature review, clinical consultation and the availability of validated case definitions to estimate their frequencies at the time of diagnosis of OA. Sex-stratified age-standardised prevalence rates per 1000 population of eight clinically relevant comorbidities were calculated using direct standardisation with 95% CIs. We applied χ2 tests of independence with a Bonferroni correction to compare the percentage of comorbid conditions in each age group.Results54.6% (n=2 71 794) of people meeting the OA case definition had at least one of the eight selected comorbidities. Females had a significantly higher rate of comorbidities compared with males (standardised rates ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.28). Depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypertension were the most prevalent in both females and males after age-standardisation, with 40% of all cases having any combination of these comorbidities. We observed a significant difference in the percentage of comorbidities among age groups, illustrated by the youngest age group (<45 years) having the highest percentage of cases with depression (24.6%), compared with a frequency of 16.1% in those >65 years.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the high frequency of comorbidity in people with OA, with depression having the highest age-standardised prevalence rate. Comorbidities differentially affect females, and vary by age. These factors should inform healthcare programme and delivery.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Self-Report Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6497
Author(s):  
Isabela Silva Levindo de Siqueira ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Samira Nascimento Mamed ◽  
Thays Angélica de Pinho Santos ◽  
Suiany Dias Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population of the Central-West region of Brazil. In 2013, a cross-sectional study using the data from the National Health Survey and comprising 7519 individuals aged ≥18 years from the Central-West region was conducted. Participants were interviewed at their homes about sociodemographic data and risk factors for DM. To verify the risk factors with DM, the Poisson regression model was used. The analyses were performed for the total sample and stratified according to sex. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–7.3). The diagnosis of self-reported DM was 4.3% in men and 7.5% in women. In the global sample, it was found that age between 40–59 years and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity were independently associated with self-reported DM. In men, risk factors were: Age ≥ 60 years, self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, and obesity. In women, risk factors were: Age 30–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was 6.5%. DM was associated with advanced age; previous smoking (former smoker), hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Some differences in risk factors between men and women were noted.

Incidence of Guillain–Barre's Syndrome in Children under 15 Years of Age in Oman

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Roshan Koul ◽  
Amna Al-Fuitaisi ◽  
Nabil Macki ◽  
Prakash Kurubarahalli Patel ◽  
Haleema Al-Balushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulins ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Gulf Country ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Excel Format

Objective Guillain–Barre's syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy seen in all ages but mostly in the adult population. We aim to report the incidence of GBS in children under 15 years of age in Oman, a Gulf country. Materials and Methods All children with GBS under 15 years of age were included in the study from January 2002 to December 2016. The data were compiled in Microsoft Excel format and analysis was performed using SPSS, version 17.0. Population-based age- and sex-specific rates of GBS were calculated using the estimated population for each 5-year period based on 2004, 2009, and 2014 mid-year population, respectively. Relative risk and 95% confidence intervals of GBS at different age categories were calculated using the overall incidence of GBS in those under 15 years as reference. Results The average annual incidence in those under 15 years was 3.1/100,000. Age-specific incidence was 4.0/100,000 in the age group 0 to 9 years and 4.7/100,000 in age group 0 to 4 years. Sixty percent had evidence of preceding infections, and the male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Fifty percent had cranial nerve involvement and 18% needed mechanical ventilation. Five percent had residual weakness. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) were used in all, and 3.3% required plasmapheresis when they did not improve with IVIG. Clinical profile of the GBS was not different from the rest reported in the literature. Conclusion The incidence of GBS in Oman was 3.1/100,000 (range: 2.7–3.5 cases/100,000) in children under 15 years of age. The GBS is a smaller proportion among the total acute flaccid paralysis cases.

Fibrinogen Reference Range in Adolescents

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4091-4091
Author(s):  
Lisa J Wakeman ◽  
Roger C Munro ◽  
Rhys Williams ◽  
Bruce Davies ◽  
Julien Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Introduction: Elevated fibrinogen levels are well recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in adults. Current research highlights the need to understand the mechanisms that influence fibrinogen levels in adolescents in order to elucidate its role in early onset ischaemic heart disease in young people. Depressed levels of fibrinogen are observed in a range of pathological conditions including acquired and congenital hypo- and afibrinogenaemias, consumptive coagulopathies, carcinoma and liver disease. Appropriate determination of the status of fibrinogen levels in patients is vital in identifying fibrinogen as a risk factor for cardiovascular events and in the investigation of coagulopathy. Ascertaining the meaningful status of the fibrinogen level in a patient relies on comparison with a reference range determined by the same methodology using an analogous population from which the patient originates. We present a reference range for Clauss fibrinogen determination in adolescents aged 12–14 years using the Sysmex CA-1500 coagulometer (Sysmex Corp., Kobe; Japan). Methodology: Blood samples for fibrinogen determination were collected from 240 adolescent schoolchildren aged between 12 and 14 years (M=119; F=121). All of the children were healthy with no apparent underlying pathology. Early morning samples were collected into siliconised glass BD Vacutainers containing tri-sodium citrate (Ref: 367691) and analysed within 4 hours of collection. Fibrinogen determination was performed using Dade-Behring thrombin and Owrens Veronal buffer reagents. Calibration of the Clauss fibrinogen assay was performed using NIBSC WHO International reference plasma for human fibrinogen (product number 98/612). Results: Fibrinogen results for males and females were examined for normality using Anderson-Darling and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results were found to be normally distributed and reference ranges constructed using the arithmetic mean +/− 1.96SDs. Male and female results were examined using the two-sample T- test for gender differences where p&lt;0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. Fibrinogen data from the adolescent group (Table) were compared with 209 healthy adults (F=151; M=58: aged 21–55 years for both gender) tested in the same way. N Mean (g/l) SD Ref Range (g/l) Two sample test for gender difference (p) Adolescents Male 119 2.66 0.464 1.76 – 3.58 0.76 Female 121 2.67 0.467 1.76 – 3.59 Total sample 240 2.67 0.465 1.76 – 3.58 Adults Male 58 2.71 0.672 1.37 – 4.05 &lt;0.05 Female 151 2.99 0.653 1.68 – 4.29 Total sample 209 2.93 0.663 1.60 – 4.30 Conclusion: Reference ranges for Clauss fibrinogen for school children aged 12–14 years (1.8–3.6g/l) determined using the Sysmex CA-1500 coagulometer differ from the reference range for the healthy adult population (1.6–4.3g/l) determined using the same analyzer and methodology. No statistically significant difference was observed between adolescent male and female cohorts in contrast to significant gender differences observed within the healthy adult population. Reference ranges described in our study show the upper limit in adolescents to be lower than in the healthy adult population. The meaningful assessment of fibrinogen as a risk factor for cardiovascular events in young people should take cognizance of the age specific reference interval. The use of an appropriate, robust reference range for young people is essential in evaluating the influence of contributory risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as diet, body mass and exercise. Assessment of haemostatic function and investigations of coagulopathies in adolescents should be undertaken with reference to age specific ranges where available. This study was approved by the LREC and informed consent was obtained from parents/guardians.

Treatment Sequencing and Efficacy in Newly Diagnosed Non-Transplant Eligible Myeloma Patients in the Netherlands: A Population Based Study

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4284-4284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S GR Verelst ◽  
Y van Norden ◽  
H M Blommestein ◽  
J Roobol ◽  
M Schoenmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Age Group ◽  
First Line ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Sequences

Abstract Abstract 4284 Background The introduction of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteosome-inhibitors changed the treatment strategies for non-transplant eligible myeloma patients in the last decade. Results on efficacy of these treatment regimens result primarily from randomized controlled trials. Population based results on treatment sequences and efficacy of the different treatment regimens are sparse but necessary to provide complementary information from daily practice. Method PHAROS, the Population based Haematological Registry in the Netherlands collects detailed information on patient characteristics, treatment and response to treatment of myeloma patients. We studied treatment sequences for non-transplant eligible patients above 65-years diagnosed between January 2004 and December 2009 in the South West of the Netherlands. Although data collection in the PHAROS registry is ongoing, the mentioned subset in this region is (almost) complete. The treatment regimens were divided into five main groups: 1) proteosome-Inhibitor based; 2) IMiD-based; 3) combination of proteosome-inhibitor and IMiD, 4) alkylating-based and 5) other (including steroid based). We determined the number of treatment lines and the sequence of the treatment regimens. Overall survival (OS) was analysed in the whole group, by type of first line regimen and by age group (66–69 years; 70–79 years; 80+ years) using Kaplan-Meier. Subgroup differences were also analysed using Cox regression. Results 408 patients were included with a median follow up time of 45 months. Mean age at diagnosis was 76-years (range 66–99) and 53% of the patients were male. 59% had stage IIIA/B at diagnosis, 13% previous MGUS. 87 % of patients had WHO 0–2. There was large diversity in number of pre-existing co-morbidities: ranging from 14% without any to 20% having 3 or more co-morbidities at diagnosis. 11% of the patients participated in trial setting for initial treatment. Of the whole group 24% received at least two lines of treatment and 8% at least three since diagnosis. 16% of the patients did not receive treatment so far: 52% because of smouldering myeloma; 33% because of refusal of patients, short life expectancy or poor functional status. 23% of the last group of patients without treatment was 80+ years of age. Choice of treatment regimens was significantly related with age and year of diagnosis. For patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2006, more patients of age 66–69 received an IMiD-based first line than patients aged 70–79 and they, in turn, received more often an IMiD based as patients of 80+ years of age (40% versus 26% versus 12% respectively). Patients of 80+ years of age mainly received an alkylating based 1st line treatment (73%). In the period 2007–2009 an increase in IMiD-based 1st line was observed (69% overall: 63%, 77% and 58% respectively per age group). 13% of patients aged 66–69 received proteosome-inhibitor based 1st line compared to 1% of the patient aged 70–79 and non of patients aged 80+. Patients receiving an alkylating-based 1st line 70% of them received an IMiD-based 2nd line. If patients received an IMiD-based 1st line 54% of them received a proteosome-inhibitor based 2nd line and 29% again an IMiD-based 2nd line. If patients received an alkylating 2nd line, 56% than received an IMiD-based 3rd line. 83% of patients who had proteosome-inhibitor based 2nd line received an IMiD based 3rd line. 59% of the patients who had received IMiD based 2nd line received a proteosome-inhibitor based 3rd line. OS significantly improved when patients received IMiD in 1st line compared to alkylating (p=0.03, HR 0.73). This improvement was seen for all patients up to 80 years of age. We observed significant difference in OS between the age groups (p<.001) with median survival of 13 months for patients aged 80+ to 40 months for patient aged 66–69 years. WHO performance status was also significant (p <0.001) related with OS while number co-morbidities at diagnosis did not have significant impact (p=0.07). Conclusion Population based results seem to confirm the significant improvement in OS of IMiD-based regimens in 1st line compared to alkylating based for elderly patients. An increase in the use of IMiD based 1st line regimens was observed for patients diagnosed since 2007. While there is large treatment diversity we observed a sequence ordering in treatment lines from alkylating based followed by IMiD-based followed by proteosome-inhibitor based regimens. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Time trends in social contacts of individuals according to comorbidity and vaccination status, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Godbout ◽  
Mélanie Drolet ◽  
Myrto Mondor ◽  
Marc Simard ◽  
Chantal Sauvageau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Wave

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe time trends in social contacts of individuals according to comorbidity and vaccination status before and during the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada.DesignRepeated cross-sectional population-based surveys.SettingGeneral population.ParticipantsNon-institutionalized adults from Quebec, Canada, recruited by random digit dialling before (2018/2019) and during the pandemic (April 2020 to July 2021). A total of 1441 and 5185 participants with and without comorbidities, respectively, were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresNumber of social contacts (two-way conversation at a distance ≤2 meters or a physical contact, irrespective of masking) documented in a self-administered web-based questionnaire. We compared the mean number of contacts according to the comorbidity status of participants (pre-existing medical conditions with symptoms/medication in the past 12 months) and 1-dose vaccination status during the third wave. All analyses were performed using weighted generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution and robust variance.ResultsContacts significantly decreased from a mean of 6.1 (95% confidence interval 4.9 to 7.3) before the pandemic to 3.2 (2.5 to 3.9) during the first wave among individuals with comorbidities, and from 8.1 (7.3 to 9.0) to 2.7 (2.2 to 3.2) among individuals without comorbidities. Individuals with comorbidities maintained fewer contacts than those without comorbidities in the second wave, with a significant difference before the Christmas 2020/2021 holidays (2.9 (2.5 to 3.2) v 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3); P<0.001). During the third wave, contacts were similar for individuals with (4.1, 3.4 to 4.7) and without comorbidities (4.5, 4.1 to 4.9; P=0.27). This could be partly explained by individuals with comorbidities vaccinated with their first dose who increased their contacts to the level of those without comorbidities.ConclusionsThe lower level of contacts maintained by individuals with comorbidities could have influenced the burden of hospitalisations and deaths of the second wave in Quebec. It will be important to closely monitor COVID-19-related outcomes and social contacts by comorbidity and vaccination status to inform targeted or population-based interventions.

scholarly journals 10/66 Dementia Research Group: recently published survey data for seven Latin America sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleusa P. Ferri ◽  
Martin Prince
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Group Stratification ◽  
Prevalence Of Dementia

We read with great interest the review by Nitrini et al. on the prevalence of dementia in Latin America recently published in International Psychogeriatrics (Nitrini et al., 2009). Accurate up-to-date figures are essential for policy-making and planning, therefore the review is very welcome. With unfortunate timing, the 10/66 Dementia Research Group's population-based surveys on the prevalence of dementia were published in the Lancet (Llibre Rodriguez et al., 2008a; 2008b) shortly after this review was submitted to International Psychogeriatrics. The 10/66 surveys included seven sites in five Latin American countries: Peru, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico and Venezuela. The studies were all one-phase catchment area surveys, with samples of 2944 in Cuba and between 1904 and 2011 in other countries, giving a total sample size of 10,794. We present in Table 1 the prevalence of dementia according to our cross-culturally validated 10/66 diagnosis and according to DSM-IV criteria, in each of the Latin American sites, using the same age group stratification as per Nitrini's review. We also present the pooled estimates for each age group. The 10/66 estimates are in general more homogenous than those presented in the review, but similar to the overall pooled estimate. DSM-IV prevalence is lower. We have attributed this discrepancy to an under-reporting of cognitive decline and social/occupational impairment by relatives, particularly in rural and least developed regions (Llibre Rodriguez et al., 2008b). We have shown that, at least for Cuba, the 10/66 Dementia Diagnosis agreed better than the DSM-IV with a clinician gold standard diagnosis, as a high proportion of Clinical Dementia Rating mild and moderate cases were missed by DSM-IV (Prince et al., 2008).

Maternal Age And Birth Weight Characteristics of Twins Born to Nulliparous Mothers: A Population Study

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Isaac Blickstein ◽  
Ran D. Goldman ◽  
Ram Mazkereth
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIn order to examine birth weight characteristics of twins delivered to nulliparous mothers in relation to maternal age, we used a population-based cohort of Israeli twins delivered between 1993–98 to select all 4793 (37.6%) nulliparas who delivered twins. Maternal age was subdivided as less than 20 years, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, and 40 years or more. We counted the frequencies of each total twin birth weight (twin A+twin B) in each of three categories (less than 3000, 3000–4999, and more than 5000 g) and the frequency of very low birth weight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) neonates in each of the six maternal age categories. There were significantly more nulliparas in the twin population at age groups less 30 years and significantly less at ages 30 years or more. We found a highly significant inverse correlation between the proportion of nulliparas and maternal age group, decreasing from 71.8% at less than 20 years to 18.6% at age 35–39 years (% nulliparas = 85 − 13.7 × age group, Pearson R2 = 0.98). However, this trend changed abruptly to the observed figure of 25.9% nulliparas aged 40 years or more instead of the expected 2.8%. We failed to reveal any significant difference in birth weight characteristics between the maternal age groups (all p > 0.05, all confidence intervals included 1.0). The more than tenfold deviation of the observed from the predicted frequency of nulliparas aged 40 years or more suggests that a different relationship between parity and age occurs at this age group. Maternal age of nulliparas is not associated with different birth weight characteristics of their twins.

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