scholarly journals Fluorescence visualization of deep-buried hollow organs

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Siyi Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Yu ◽  
Yanyun Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Fluorescent Signal ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
The One ◽  
General Method

High-definition fluorescence imaging of deep-buried organs is still challenging. Here, we develop bright fluorophores emitting to 1700 nm by enhancing electron donating ability and reducing donor-acceptor distance. In parallel, the heavy water functions as the solvent of the delicately designed fluorophores, effectively reducing the fluorescent signal loss caused by the absorption by water. The near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 900-1880 nm) emission is eventually recovered and extended beyond 1400 nm. Compared with the spectral range beyond 1500 nm, the one beyond 1400 nm gives a more accurate fluorescence visualization of the hollow organs, owing to the absorption-induced scattering suppression. In addition, the intraluminal lesions containing much water are simultaneously negatively stained, leading to a stark contrast for precise diagnosis. Eventually, the intraluminally perfused fluorescent probes are excreted from mice and thus no obvious side effects emerge. This general method can provide new avenues for future biomedical imaging of deep and highly scattering tissues.

A Review of Drug Side Effect Identification Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Deng ◽  
Yige Sun ◽  
Tianyi Zhao ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Tianyi Zang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The One ◽  
Approved Drugs

Drug side effects have become an important indicator for evaluating the safety of drugs. There are two main factors in the frequent occurrence of drug safety problems; on the one hand, the clinical understanding of drug side effects is insufficient, leading to frequent adverse drug reactions, while on the other hand, due to the long-term period and complexity of clinical trials, side effects of approved drugs on the market cannot be reported in a timely manner. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing methods to identify drug side effects. In this review, we summarize the methods of identifying drug side effects and common databases in this field. We classified methods of identifying side effects into four categories: biological experimental, machine learning, text mining and network methods. We point out the key points of each kind of method. In addition, we also explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we propose future research directions.

scholarly journals Hyperthermia by near infrared radiation induced immune cells activation and infiltration in breast tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Fatin Amira Wan Mohd Zawawi ◽  
M. H. Hibma ◽  
M. I. Salim ◽  
K. Jemon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Tumor Regression ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Conventional therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy, have different therapeutic effects and are commonly associated with risks and side effects. Near infrared radiation is a technique with few side effects that is used for local hyperthermia, typically as an adjuvant to other cancer therapies. The understanding of the use of near NIR as a monotherapy, and its effects on the immune cells activation and infiltration, are limited. In this study, we investigate the effects of HT treatment using NIR on tumor regression and on the immune cells and molecules in breast tumors. Results from this study demonstrated that local HT by NIR at 43 °C reduced tumor progression and significantly increased the median survival of tumor-bearing mice. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant reduction in cells proliferation in treated tumor, which was accompanied by an abundance of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Increased numbers of activated dendritic cells were observed in the draining lymph nodes of the mice, along with infiltration of T cells, NK cells and B cells into the tumor. In contrast, tumor-infiltrated regulatory T cells were largely diminished from the tumor. In addition, higher IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion was observed in tumor of treated mice. Overall, results from this present study extends the understanding of using local HT by NIR to stimulate a favourable immune response against breast cancer.

scholarly journals Donor–acceptor–acceptor-type near-infrared fluorophores that contain dithienophosphole oxide and boryl groups: Effect of the boryl group on the nonradiative decay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Sugihara ◽  
Naoto Inai ◽  
Masayasu Taki ◽  
Thomas Baumgartner ◽  
Ryosuke Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Nonradiative Decay ◽  
Donor Acceptor

he use of donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) skeletons is an effective strategy for the design of fluorophores with red-shifted emission. In particular, the use of amino and boryl moieties as the electron-donating...

A small bandgap (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-2,6(3H,7H)-dione (IBDF) based polymer semiconductor for near-infrared organic phototransistors

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (46) ◽  
pp. 12163-12171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui He ◽  
Jesse T. E. Quinn ◽  
Dongliang Hou ◽  
Jenner H.L. Ngai ◽  
Yuning Li
Keyword(s):  
Band Gap ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Polymer Semiconductor ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Small Band

A novel small bandgap donor–acceptor polymer with a very small band gap of 0.95 eV shows promising photoresponse under near infrared light in phototransistors.

scholarly journals The speed of reinfusion affects the vascular system during ozone major autohemotherapy

Ozone Therapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Rimini ◽  
Filippo Molinari ◽  
William Liboni ◽  
Vincenzo Simonetti ◽  
Marianno Franzini
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Transcranial Doppler ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Drawing

Ozone major autohemotherapy (O-MAHT) is a way of ozonetherapy administration consisting of drawing patient’s venous blood, mixing with oxygen/ozone, and reinfusing it into the vein. Some ozone therapists reported side effects during the O-MAHT, but the origin has not been described yet. We investigated the effect of blood drawing velocity during O-MAHT to see its effects on the vascular system and symptomatology. We administered O-MAHT to 11 subjects, and we interleaved fast and slow reinfusions. We monitored cerebral macrocirculation with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and tissue microcirculation with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Annoying symptoms appeared just during the fast reinfusion periods. NIRS and TCD parameters revealed vasoconstriction during fast reinfusion and improved metabolism during slow reinfusion. Overall, our investigation well discriminated fast from slow reinfusion velocity.

Factors Influencing the Calibration of near Infrared Reflectometry Applied to the Assessment of Total Nitrogen in Potato. II. Operator, Moisture and Maturity Class

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W. Young ◽  
Donald K.L. MacKerron ◽  
Howard V. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Maturity Class ◽  
The One ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Oven dried samples of leaf stem and tuber material taken from a nitrogen field experiment were analysed by Dumas combustion when fresh and by near infrared (NIR) then, and in the next two years, by a number of operators who made estimates of nitrogen concentration, [N]NIR, with differing degrees of error. The errors differed between years in the case of the one operator who made estimates in two years. Leaf, stem and tuber material of high and low nitrogen concentration were treated to produce samples at various moisture contents. These samples were scanned by NIR and the spectral data were examined. Higher moisture was found to decrease the reflectance at all the wavelengths used and would, therefore, introduce error into [N]NIR estimates. The NIR calibration used was found to be applicable to cultivars in a range of maturity classes. Several recommendations are made that will help to minimise the error introduced into [N]NIR estimates from various sources.

scholarly journals The Synthesis of Stochastic Circuits for Nanoscale Computation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weikang Qian ◽  
John Backes ◽  
Marc D. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Data Structures ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Logic Synthesis ◽  
Nanowire Arrays ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Symbolic Data ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stochastic Circuits ◽  
General Method

Emerging technologies for nanoscale computation such as self-assembled nanowire arrays present specific challenges for logic synthesis. On the one hand, they provide an unprecedented density of bits with a high degree of parallelism. On the other hand, they are characterized by high defect rates. Also they often exhibit inherent randomness in the interconnects due to the stochastic nature of self-assembly. We describe a general method for synthesizing logic that exploits both the parallelism and the random effects. Our approach is based on stochastic computation with parallel bit streams. Circuits are synthesized through functional decomposition with symbolic data structures called multiplicative binary moment diagrams. Synthesis produces designs with randomized parallel components—and operations and multiplexing—that are readily implemented in nanowire crossbar arrays. Synthesis results for benchmarks circuits show that our technique maps circuit designs onto nanowire arrays effectively.

scholarly journals Widely distributed exogenic materials of varying compositions and morphologies on asteroid (101955) Bennu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Tatsumi ◽  
Marcel Popescu ◽  
Humberto Campins ◽  
Julia de León ◽  
Juan Luis Rizos García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Ordinary Chondrites ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Average Spectrum ◽  
Band Absorption ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The One

Abstract Using the multiband imager MapCam onboard the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer) spacecraft, we identified 77 instances of proposed exogenic materials distributed globally on the surface of the B-type asteroid (101955) Bennu. We identified materials as exogenic on the basis of an absorption near 1 µm that is indicative of anhydrous silicates. The exogenic materials are spatially resolved by the telescopic camera PolyCam. All such materials are brighter than their surroundings, and they are expressed in a variety of morphologies: homogeneous, breccia-like, inclusion-like, and others. Inclusion-like features are the most common. Visible spectrophotometry was obtained for 46 of the 77 locations from MapCam images. Principal component analysis indicates at least two trends: (i) mixing of Bennu's average spectrum with a strong 1-µm band absorption, possibly from pyroxene-rich material, and (ii) mixing with a weak 1-µm band absorption. The endmember with a strong 1-µm feature is consistent with Howardite-Eucrite-Diogenite (HED) meteorites, whereas the one showing a weak 1-µm feature may be consistent with HEDs, ordinary chondrites, or carbonaceous chondrites. The variation in the few available near-infrared reflectance spectra strongly suggests varying compositions among the exogenic materials. Thus, Bennu might record the remnants of multiple impacts with different compositions to its parent body, which could have happened in the very early history of the Solar System. Moreover, at least one of the exogenic objects is compositionally different from the exogenic materials found on the similar asteroid (162173) Ryugu, and they suggest different impact tracks.

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