scholarly journals Clinical outcomes among patients infected with Omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant in southern California

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A Lewnard ◽  
Vennis X Hong ◽  
Manish M Patel ◽  
Rebecca Kahn ◽  
Marc Lipsitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Icu Admission

Background: The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly achieved global dissemination, accounting for most infections in the United States by December 2021. Risk of severe outcomes associated with Omicron infections, as compared to earlier SARS-CoV-2 variants, remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed clinical and epidemiologic data from cases testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection within the Kaiser Permanente Southern California healthcare system from November 30, 2021 to January 1, 2022, using S gene target failure (SGTF) as assessed by the ThermoFisher TaqPath ComboKit assay as a proxy for Omicron infection. We fit Cox proportional hazards models to compare time to any hospital admission and hospital admissions associated with new-onset respiratory symptoms, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality among cases with Omicron and Delta (non-SGTF) variant infections. We fit parametric competing risk models to compare lengths of hospital stay among admitted cases with Omicron and Delta variant infections. Results: Our analyses included 52,297 cases with SGTF (Omicron) and 16,982 cases with non-SGTF (Delta [B.1.617.2]) infections, respectively. Hospital admissions occurred among 235 (0.5%) and 222 (1.3%) of cases with Omicron and Delta variant infections, respectively. Among cases first tested in outpatient settings, the adjusted hazard ratios for any subsequent hospital admission and symptomatic hospital admission associated with Omicron variant infection were 0.48 (0.36-0.64) and 0.47 (0.35-0.62), respectively. Rates of ICU admission and mortality after an outpatient positive test were 0.26 (0.10-0.73) and 0.09 (0.01-0.75) fold as high among cases with Omicron variant infection as compared to cases with Delta variant infection. Zero cases with Omicron variant infection received mechanical ventilation, as compared to 11 cases with Delta variant infections throughout the period of follow-up (two-sided p<0.001). Median duration of hospital stay was 3.4 (2.8-4.1) days shorter for hospitalized cases with Omicron variant infections as compared to hospitalized patients with Delta variant infections, reflecting a 69.6% (64.0-74.5%) reduction in hospital length of stay. Conclusions: During a period with mixed Delta and Omicron variant circulation, SARS-CoV-2 infections with presumed Omicron variant infection were associated with substantially reduced risk of severe clinical endpoints and shorter durations of hospital stay.

scholarly journals 1002. Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Bacteremia in a Large Tertiary Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S298-S298
Author(s):  
Aristotle Asis ◽  
Esmeralda Gutierrez-Asis ◽  
Ali Hassoun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Icu Stay ◽  
Pneumococcal Bacteremia ◽  
Tertiary Center

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae remains an important cause of bacteremia in the United States with high morbidity and mortality despite readily available treatment and vaccines. Increased incidence of bacteremia observed during 2017–2018 season. Methods Retrospective chart review of patients admitted with pneumococcal bacteremia over the last two winter seasons. Demographics, laboratory data, ICU stay, need for ventilation or pressor, comorbidities, and mortality were collected. Results Fifty-three patients enrolled. 62% admitted during 2017–2018. Sixty-six percent white, 60% male, mean BMI 27 (38% had normal BMI). Mean age was 55 years (1–93) (57% &gt; 61). Mean hospital length of stay was 7.8 days (1–30). More than 40% required ICU stay. The use of NPPV, vasopressors, and mechanical ventilation were 6%, 15%, and 17%, respectively. Most common presentation: dyspnea 30% and fever 18%. Smoking history (55%). Eighty percent of these patients had pneumonia. Resistance to penicillin 9% and intermediate susceptibility 6%. Resistance to erythromycin 44% and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 12% which increased during winter 2017 (52% and 12%) compared with winter 2016 (30% and 10%). Only 2% of patients with pneumonia had positive sputum culture for pneumococcus and 62% had positive serum pneumococcal antigen with bacteremia. Positive co-detection of bacterial or viral targets in sputum using Multiplex PCR did not correlate with mortality and hospital stay but they were more likely needed ICU stay, use of vasopressor and mechanical ventilation. 43% of empiric therapy was as recommended by IDSA guidelines. Comparing 2016 vs. 2017 seasons, mortality (15% vs. 6%), hospital stay (9 days vs. 7 days), use of NPPV (5% vs. 6%) mechanical ventilation (15% vs. 18%) and vasopressor (5% vs. 21%). No correlation between influenza infection and bacteremia. Overall 6-month mortality and re-admission rate was 9% and 2%, respectively. Mortality was higher in overweight patients (60% vs. 20%), non-smokers (40% vs. 20%), coronary artery disease (40%) and congestive heart failure (40%). Conclusion Pneumococcal bacteremia cause significant morbidity and mortality, we observed less mortality and hospital stay, but more use of NPPV, mechanical ventilation, and vasopressor during 2017–2018 season which had widespread influenza like activity. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Healthcare trajectories before and after critical illness: population-based insight on diverse patients clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youenn Jouan ◽  
Leslie Grammatico-Guillon ◽  
Noémie Teixera ◽  
Claire Hassen-Khodja ◽  
Christophe Gaborit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Icu Discharge

Abstract Background The post intensive care syndrome (PICS) gathers various disabilities, associated with a substantial healthcare use. However, patients’ comorbidities and active medical conditions prior to intensive care unit (ICU) admission may partly drive healthcare use after ICU discharge. To better understand retative contribution of critical illness and PICS—compared to pre-existing comorbidities—as potential determinant of post-critical illness healthcare use, we conducted a population-based evaluation of patients’ healthcare use trajectories. Results Using discharge databases in a 2.5-million-people region in France, we retrieved, over 3 years, all adult patients admitted in ICU for septic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intubated at least 5 days and discharged alive from hospital: 882 patients were included. Median duration of mechanical ventilation was 11 days (interquartile ranges [IQR] 8;20), mean SAPS2 was 49, and median hospital length of stay was 42 days (IQR 29;64). Healthcare use (days spent in healthcare facilities) was analyzed 2 years before and 2 years after ICU admission. Prior to ICU admission, we observed, at the scale of the whole study population, a progressive increase in healthcare use. Healthcare trajectories were then explored at individual level, and patients were assembled according to their individual pre-ICU healthcare use trajectory by clusterization with the K-Means method. Interestingly, this revealed diverse trajectories, identifying patients with elevated and increasing healthcare use (n = 126), and two main groups with low (n = 476) or no (n = 251) pre-ICU healthcare use. In ICU, however, SAPS2, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay were not different across the groups. Analysis of post-ICU healthcare trajectories for each group revealed that patients with low or no pre-ICU healthcare (which represented 83% of the population) switched to a persistent and elevated healthcare use during the 2 years post-ICU. Conclusion For 83% of ARDS/septic shock survivors, critical illness appears to have a pivotal role in healthcare trajectories, with a switch from a low and stable healthcare use prior to ICU to a sustained higher healthcare recourse 2 years after ICU discharge. This underpins the hypothesis of long-term critical illness and PICS-related quantifiable consequences in healthcare use, measurable at a population level.

Factors Associated with Respiratory Support after Cesarean Hysterectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cesarean Hysterectomy ◽  
Asa Classification ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Postoperative Mechanical Ventilation

Background: Cesarean hysterectomy is a major operation that causes massive hemorrhage and larger fluid resuscitation. Thus, postoperative mechanical ventilation support is required in some patients, involving longer hospital stay and high cost of hospital care. Objective: To find the predictive factors for postoperative respiratory support in pregnant women underwent cesarean hysterectomy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients underwent cesarean hysterectomy between January 2014 and June 2019 was conducted. Patient characteristics, anesthetic records and hospital length of stay were reviewed. The relationship between factors and postoperative mechanical ventilator (PMV) was also analyzed. Results: A total of 180 patients were included in the present study, wherein, 64 patients (35%) required PMV and 30 patients (16%) needed postoperative oxygen support. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between PMV and the associated factors. The authors found the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and the volume of intraoperative blood components replacement (packed red blood cells [PRC] and fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) were significantly related to PMV: ASA3 16.51 (95% CI 1.89 to 144.33), ASA4 183.25 (95% CI 2.92 to 11,500.65), p=0.003; PRC 1.0028 (95% CI 1.0008 to 1.0047), p=0.001; FFP 1.0022 (95% CI 1.0000 to 1.0043), p=0.029, respectively. Conclusion: Postoperative mechanical ventilation was found in one-third of the cesarean hysterectomy patients and associated with ICU admission along with increased in post-operative length of hospital stay. The ASA classification and intraoperative volume of blood components replacement were significantly associated with PMV. Factors associated significantly with respiratory support were ASA classification and duration surgery. Keywords: Factors associated; Respiratory support; Cesarean hysterectomy

scholarly journals Clinical Course and Outcomes of Sickle Cell Disease Patients with COVID-19 at a New York Hospital

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Anita Mazloom ◽  
Neil Nimkar ◽  
Sonal Paul ◽  
Ayanna Baptiste
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The United States ◽  
Acute Chest Syndrome ◽  
Cell Disease

Introduction: The outbreak of a novel infection, COVID-19, has greatly impacted the well-being of individuals worldwide. Persons with sickle cell disease (SCD) constitute a vulnerable population, subject to health disparities, who may have worse outcomes from COVID-19. Within the United States, New York has a large population of patients with SCD. Here, we analyze the clinical course and outcomes of SCD patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to a community teaching hospital in Brooklyn, NY. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients with SCD hospitalized with laboratory- confirmed COVID-19. Electronic health records were reviewed to identify patients and analyze their clinical course. Clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiology data were assessed. Rates of acute chest syndrome (ACS), acute kidney injury (AKI) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) were determined. ACS was defined by the presence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms accompanied by a new pulmonary infiltrate on chest Xray. Data on use of blood transfusion, treatments, length of stay and mortality were collected. Results: Between March 1 to June 30, 2020, 53 adults with SCD were hospitalized at our institution. Of these, 13 patients had COVID-19 infection. The mean (±SD) age of the COVID-19 patients was 34±10 years (range, 22 to 50) with 54% being female. Seven patients (54%) were Hb SS, and 6 patients (46%) were Hb SC. Comorbid conditions included Diabetes Mellitus (1 patient), SLE (1), End-stage renal disease (1), prior VTE (4) and Avascular necrosis of hip (3). Four patients were on hydroxyurea. Clinical, laboratory and radiological findings are summarized in Table 1. While all the Hb SS patients presented with vaso-occlusive crisis, 4 of the 6 patients with Hb SC did not have symptoms of pain crisis. Chest pain and cough were the most common symptoms at presentation. During the hospital stay, 12 patients (92%) had at least one febrile episode &gt;38°C, with 77% having recurrent fevers above 38.5°C. Eleven patients (85%) met criteria for ACS. Seventy-seven percent of all patients required supplemental oxygen. Nine patients (69%) were transfused, with 4 patients undergoing exchange transfusion. Sixty-seven percent of the transfused patients were transfused within 48 hours of admission. No patients required intubation or mechanical ventilation and none were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Five patients (38.5%) received hydroxychloroquine while 84.6% were treated with antibiotics. No patient received remdesivir. Three patients (23%) developed AKI: of these, one patient required acute hemodialysis, the other two cases were mild with peak creatinine less than 2.0 mg/dl. Ninety-two percent of patients received prophylactic anticoagulation with either unfractionated heparin, enoxaparin or fondaparinux. One patient who did not receive an anticoagulant due to thrombocytopenia developed an acute deep vein thrombosis which was also catheter-related. Of note, during the initial phase of the pandemic standard dosing of prophylactic anticoagulants were used but in the later months, some patients received higher prophylactic doses in keeping with hospital protocol. The median length of hospital stay was 9.4 days (interquartile range, 8.1 to 13.3). There were no deaths - all patients were discharged home. Summary: Panepinto et al (Emerg Infect Dis.) reported a mortality of 7% in 178 SCD patients with COVID-19 in the United States. Other published reports have detailed more favorable outcomes (Arlet et al, Lancet and Appiah-Kubi et al, Br J Haematol.). In this small retrospective analysis of hospitalized SCD patients, there was no mortality. Acute chest syndrome was the most common complication observed. VTE and severe AKI were infrequent. Blood transfusion was performed in the majority of patients (69%); two thirds of the patients transfused received blood within 48 hours of hospitalization. There were no ICU admissions and no use of mechanical ventilation indicative perhaps of less severe COVID-19 disease. This may have been due to the young age of the cohort. Early use of blood transfusion may have been a factor in reducing disease severity and improving outcomes. The best approach to managing these patients is unclear. We advocate for the development and dissemination of evidence-based guidelines to manage SCD patients with COVID-19 to reduce morbidity and mortality in this at-risk population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Analysis of Hospital Admissions for Psychiatric Care in Portugal: Results from the SMAILE Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S250-S250
Author(s):  
M. Silva ◽  
A. Antunes ◽  
A. Loureiro ◽  
P. Santana ◽  
J. Caldas-de-Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Compulsory Admission ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions

IntroductionEvidence shows that the prevalence and severity of mental disorders and the need for psychiatric admission is influenced by socio-demographic and contextual factors.ObjectivesTo characterize the severity of hospital admissions for psychiatric care due to common mental disorders and psychosis in Portugal.AimsThis retrospective study analyses all acute psychiatric admissions for common mental disorders and psychosis in four Portuguese departments of psychiatry in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto, and investigates the association of their severity with socio-demographic and clinical factors.MethodsSocio-demographic and clinical variables were obtained from the clinical charts of psychiatric admissions in 2002, 2007 and 2012 (n = 2621). The number of hospital admissions per year (>1) and the length of hospital stay (31 days) were defined as measures of hospital admission severity. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess which socio-demographic and clinical factors were associated with both hospital admission severity outcomes.ResultsResults showed different predictors for each outcome. Being widowed, low level of education, being retired, having psychiatric co-morbidity, and a compulsory admission were statistically associated (P < 0.05) with a higher number of hospital admissions. Being single or widowed, being retired, a diagnosis of psychosis, and a compulsory admission were associated with higher length of hospital stay, while having suicidal ideation was associated with a lower length of hospital stay.ConclusionsSocio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients are determinants of hospital admissions for psychiatric care and of their severity.Funding Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Sodium Fluctuations and Mortality in a General Hospitalized Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Lombardi ◽  
Pietro Manuel Ferraro ◽  
Luca Calvaruso ◽  
Alessandro Naticchia ◽  
Silvia D’Alonzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models

Background/Aims: Aim of our study was to describe the association between natremia (Na) fluctuation and hospital mortality in a general population admitted to a tertiary medical center. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study on the patient population admitted to the Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014 with inclusion of adult patients with at least 2 Na values available and with a normonatremic condition at hospital admission. Patients were categorized according to all Na values recorded during hospital stay in the following groups: normonatremia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and mixed dysnatremia. The difference between the highest or the lowest Na value reached during hospital stay and the Na value read at hospital admission was used to identify the maximum Na fluctuation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for in-hospital death in the groups with dysnatremias and across quartiles of Na fluctuation. Covariates assessed were age, sex, highest and lowest Na level, Charlson/Deyo score, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, dementia, congestive heart failure, severe kidney disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and number of Na measurements during hospital stay. Results: 46,634 admissions matched inclusion criteria. Incident dysnatremia was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (hyponatremia: HR 3.11, 95% CI 2.53, 3.84, p < 0.001; hypernatremia: HR 5.12, 95% CI 3.94, 6.65, p < 0.001; mixed-dysnatremia: HR 4.94, 95% CI 3.08, 7.92, p < 0.001). We found a higher risk of in-hospital death by linear increase of quartile of Na fluctuation (p trend <0.001) irrespective of severity of dysnatremia (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.55, 3.54, p < 0.001, for the highest quartile of Na fluctuation compared with the lowest). Conclusions: Incident dysnatremia is associated with higher hospital mortality. Fluctuation of Na during hospital stay is a prognostic marker for hospital death independent of dysnatremia severity.

Accurate Medication Adherence Measurement Using Administrative Data for Frequently Hospitalized Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 001857872091855
Author(s):  
Rafia S. Rasu ◽  
Suzanne L. Hunt ◽  
Junqiang Dai ◽  
Huizhong Cui ◽  
Milind A. Phadnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Medication Possession Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
P2y12 Inhibitors ◽  
Over Time

Background: Pharmacy administrative claims data remain an accessible and efficient source to measure medication adherence for frequently hospitalized patient populations that are systematically excluded from the landmark drug trials. Published pharmacotherapy studies use medication possession ratio (MPR) and proportion of days covered (PDC) to calculate medication adherence and usually fail to incorporate hospitalization and prescription overlap/gap from claims data. To make the cacophony of adherence measures clearer, this study created a refined hospital-adjusted algorithm to capture pharmacotherapy adherence among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: The United States Renal Data System (USRDS) registry of ESRD was used to determine prescription-filling patterns of those receiving new prescriptions for oral P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12-I) between 2011 and 2015. P2Y12-I-naïve patients were followed until death, kidney transplantation, discontinuing medications, or loss to follow-up. After flagging/censoring key variables, the algorithm adjusted for hospital length of stay (LOS) and medication overlap. Hospital-adjusted medication adherence (HA-PDC) was calculated and compared with traditional MPR and PDC methods. Analyses were performed with SAS software. Results: Hospitalization occurred for 78% of the cohort (N = 46 514). The median LOS was 12 (interquartile range [IQR] = 2-34) days. MPR and PDC were 61% (IQR = 29%-94%) and 59% (IQR = 31%-93%), respectively. After applying adjustments for overlapping coverage days and hospital stays independently, HA-PDC adherence values changed in 41% and 52.7% of the cohort, respectively. When adjustments for overlap and hospital stay were made concurrently, HA-PDC adherence values changed in 68% of the cohort by 5.8% (HA-PDC median = 0.68, IQR = 0.31-0.93). HA-PDC declined over time (3M-6M-9M-12M). Nearly 48% of the cohort had a ≥30 days refill gap in the first 3 months, and this increased over time ( P < .0001). Conclusions: Refill gaps should be investigated carefully to capture accurate pharmacotherapy adherence. HA-PDC measures increased adherence substantially when adjustments for hospital stay and medication refill overlaps are made. Furthermore, if hospitalizations were ignored for medications that are included in Medicare quality measures, such as Medicare STAR program, the apparent reduction in adherence might be associated with lower quality and health plan reimbursement.

scholarly journals Limitation of life-sustaining treatment and patient involvement in decision-making: a retrospective study of a Danish COVID-19 patient cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Irene Jensen ◽  
Sevim Ozden ◽  
Gitte Schultz Kristensen ◽  
Mihnaz Azizi ◽  
Siri Aas Smedemark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Treatment Limitation ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment

Abstract Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the risk of an extensive overload of the healthcare systems have elucidated the need to make decisions on the level of life-sustaining treatment for patients requiring hospitalisation. The purpose of the study was to investigate the proportion and characteristics of COVID-19 patients with limitation of life-sustaining treatment decisions and the degree of patient involvement in the decisions. Methods A retrospective observational descriptive study was conducted in three Danish regional hospitals, looking at all patients ≥ 18 years of age admitted in 2020 with COVID-19 as the primary diagnosis. Lists of hospitalised patients admitted due to COVID-19 were extracted. The data registration included age, gender, comorbidities, including mental state, body mass index, frailty, recent hospital admissions, COVID-19 life-sustaining treatment, ICU admission, decisions on limitations of life-sustaining treatment before and during current hospitalisation, hospital length of stay, and hospital mortality. Results A total of 476 patients were included. For 7% (33/476), a decision about limitation of life-sustaining treatment had been made prior to hospital admission. At the time of admission, one or more limitations of life-sustaining treatment were registered for 16% (75/476) of patients. During the admission, limitation decisions were made for an additional 11 patients, totaling 18% (86/476). For 40% (34/86), the decisions were either made by or discussed with the patient. The decisions not made by patients were made by physicians. For 36% (31/86), no information was disclosed about patient involvement. Conclusions Life-sustaining treatment limitation decisions were made for 18% of a COVID-19 patient cohort. Hereof, more than a third of the decisions had been made before hospital admission. Many records lacked information on patient involvement in the decisions.

scholarly journals COVID-19 hospitalizations in five California hospitals: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Nuño ◽  
Yury García ◽  
Ganesh Rajasekar ◽  
Diego Pinheiro ◽  
Alec J. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Composite Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus pandemic has had a differential impact on communities of color across the US. The University of California hospital system serves a large population of people who are often underrepresented elsewhere. Data from hospital stays can provide much-needed localized information on risk factors for severe cases and/or death. Methods Patient-level retrospective case series of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 hospital admissions at five UC hospitals (N = 4730). Odds ratios of ICU admission, death, and a composite of both outcomes were calculated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression based on patient characteristics, including sex, race/ethnicity, and select comorbidities. Associations between comorbidities were quantified and visualized with a correlation network. Results Overall mortality rate was 7.0% (329/4,730). ICU mortality rate was 18.8% (225/1,194). The rate of the composite outcome (ICU admission and/or death) was 27.4% (1298/4730). Comorbidity-controlled odds of a composite outcome were increased for age 75–84 (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.11–1.93) and 85–59 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.87) compared to 18–34 year-olds, males (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.59) vs. females, and patients identifying as Hispanic/Latino (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14–1.61) or Asian (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.23–1.82) compared to White. Patients with 5 or more comorbidities were exceedingly likely to experience a composite outcome (OR 2.74, 95% CI 2.32–3.25). Conclusions Males, older patients, those with multiple pre-existing comorbidities, and those identifying as Hispanic/Latino or Asian experienced an increased risk of ICU admission and/or death. These results are consistent with reported risks among the Hispanic/Latino population elsewhere in the United States, and confirm multiple concerns about heightened risk among the Asian population in California.

scholarly journals Convalescent plasma use in the United States was inversely correlated with COVID-19 mortality

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Quigly Dragotakes ◽  
Patrick W Johnson ◽  
Jonathon W Senefeld ◽  
Stephen A Klassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Excess Deaths ◽  
Strong Inverse Correlation

Background. The US Food and Drug Administration authorized Convalescent Plasma (CCP) therapy for hospitalized COVID-19 patients via the Expanded Access Program (EAP) and the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), leading to use in about 500,000 patients during the first year of the pandemic for the US.Methods. We tracked the number of CCP units dispensed to hospitals by blood banking organizations and correlated that usage with hospital admission and mortality data.Results. CCP usage per admission peaked in Fall 2020, with more than 40% of inpatients estimated to have received CCP between late September and early November 2020. However, after randomized controlled trials failed to show a reduction in mortality, CCP usage per admission declined steadily to a nadir of less than 10% in March 2021. We found a strong inverse correlation (r = -0.52, P = 0.002) between CCP usage per hospital admission and deaths occurring two weeks after admission, and this finding was robust to examination of deaths taking place one, two or three weeks after admission. Changes in the number of hospital admissions, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and age of patients could not explain these findings. The retreat from CCP usage might have resulted in as many as 29,000 excess deaths from mid-November 2020 to February 2021.Conclusions. A strong inverse correlation between CCP use and mortality per admission in the USA provides population level evidence consistent with the notion that CCP reduces mortality in COVID-19 and suggests that the recent decline in usage could have resulted in excess deaths.Funding. There was no specific funding for this study. AC was supported in part by RO1 HL059842 and R01 AI1520789; MJJ was supported in part by 5R35HL139854. This project has been funded in whole or in part with Federal funds from the Department of Health and Human Services; Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response; Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority under Contract No. 75A50120C00096.

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