Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytes from Datura metel Linn.

Endophytes are a suite of microorganisms that grow in the tissues of higher plants. Endophytes constitute a valuable source of secondary metabolites for the discovery of new potential therapeutic drugs. Endophytes can have many effects on their host such as enhancement of stress, insect and disease resistance, and herbicide activities when in association with their host plant. The present study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic fungi (both extra and intracellular) and actinomycete from the stem and root of Datura metel L. The crude extract of these endophytic isolates were screened for their antimicrobial potential. Among the endophytes, the extracellular fungal extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity when compared to intracellular fungi and actinomycetes. The studies and isolation of these compounds can be used as a good approach to search of novel products.

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Bioprospecting Cryptogams as Potential Source of Unique Biodynamic Phytochemicals with Diverse Pharmaceutical Applications

Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment ◽

10.21756/cba.v1i1.10959 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Brahma N. Singh ◽

Garima Pandey ◽

Prateeksha ◽

J. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Higher Plants ◽

New Drugs ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Potential Source ◽

Therapeutic Value ◽

Wide Range ◽

Novel Structures

With the advent of green pharmaceuticals, the secondary metabolites derived from plants have provided numerous leads for the development of a wide range of therapeutic drugs; however the discovery of new drugs with novel structures has declined in the past few years. Cryptogams including lichens, bryophytes, and pteridophytes represent a group of small terrestrial plants that remain relatively untouched in the drug discovery process though some have been used as ethnomedicines by various tribes worldwide. Studies of their secondary metabolites are recent but reveal unique secondary metabolites which are not synthesized by higher plants. These compounds can have the potential to develop more potential herbal drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases The present article . deals with the secondary metabolites and pharmacological activities of cryptogams with an objective to bring them forth as potential source of biodynamic compounds of therapeutic value.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of bioactive compounds produced from endophytic fungi of Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) in Nepal

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.23250.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 379 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dhurva Prasad Gauchan ◽

Pratistha Kandel ◽

Astha Tuladhar ◽

Ashesh Acharya ◽

Upendra Kadel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽

Fungal Extracts ◽

Taxus Wallichiana

Background: Endophytic fungi are largely underexplored in the discovery of natural bioactive products though being rich sources of novel compounds with promising pharmaceutical potential. In this study, Taxus wallichiana, which has huge medicinal value, was investigated for its endophytic diversity and capability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites by analyzing antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Methods: The endophytes were identified by ITS-PCR using genomic DNA samples. The secondary metabolites were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography, Total Phenol Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and DPPH assay, and the antimicrobial activity was analyzed by agar-well diffusion method. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used to analyze the cytotoxicity of the fungal extracts. Results: Out of 16 different Taxus trees sampled from different locations of Dhorpatan, 13 distinctive endophytic fungi were isolated and grouped into 9 different genera: Bjerkandera, Trichoderma, Preussia, Botrytis, Arthrinium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sporormiella and Daldinia. The ethyl acetate extracts isolated from three endophytic fungi: Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Alternaria brassicae showed significant TPC values of 204±6.144, 312.3±2.147 and 152.7±4.958µg GAE/mg of dry extract, respectively, and TFC values of 177.9±2.911, 644.1±4.202 and 96.38±3.851µg RE/mg of dry extract, respectively. Furthermore, these three extracts showed a dose dependent radical scavenging activity with IC50 concentration of 22.85, 22.15 and 23.001 µg/ml, respectively. The extracts of C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae also showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250μg/ml for all bacteria. Both the samples showed cytotoxic property against shrimp nauplii with LC50 of 104.2 and 125.9µg/ml, respectively. Conclusions: The crude fungal extracts obtained from endophytes: A. alternata, C. cladosporioides and A. brassicae upon purification and further identification of the bioactive compounds can be a fascinating source for novel pharmaceutical agents.

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Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb in Qinling Mountains, China

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21175958 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 5958

Author(s):

Chao An ◽

Saijian Ma ◽

Xinwei Shi ◽

Wenjiao Xue ◽

Chen Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Qinling Mountains ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Abundant Genus ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Richness Index ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The plant Chloranthus japonicus Sieb is known for its anticancer properties and mainly distributed in China, Japan, and Korea. In this study, we firstly investigated the diversity and antimicrobial activity of the culturable endophytic fungi from C. japonicus. A total of 332 fungal colonies were successfully isolated from 555 tissue segments of the medicinal plant C. japonicus collected from Qinling Mountains, China. One hundred and thirty representative morphotype strains were identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses and were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota), five classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Mucoromycetes), and at least 30 genera. Colletotrichum (RA, 60.54%) was the most abundant genus, followed by Aspergillus (RA, 11.75%) and Diaporthe (RA, 9.34%). The Species Richness Index (S, 56) and the Shannon-Wiener Index (H′, 2.7076) indicated that C. japonicus harbored abundant fungal resources. Thirteen out of 130 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Among of these, F8158, which was identified as Trichoderma cf. harzianum, exhibited good antagonistic capacities (the percent inhibition of mycelial growth ranged from 47.72~88.18) for different pathogens and has a potential application in biological control. In addition, it is noteworthy that the strain F8157 (Thanatephorus cucumeris, an opportunistic pathogen) showed antibacterial and antifungal activity, which is reported firstly in this study, and should be investigated further. Taken together, these results indicated that the endophytic fungi from C. japonicus may be of potential interest in screening bio-control agents and discovering of new bioactive compounds.

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New and bioactive natural products from an endophyte of Panax notoginseng

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra07060h ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (60) ◽

pp. 38100-38109 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jun Xie ◽

Ying-Ying Wu ◽

Tian-Yuan Zhang ◽

Meng-Yue Zhang ◽

Wei-Wei Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Natural Products ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Antiviral Activity ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Panax Notoginseng ◽

Bioactive Natural Products

Secondary metabolites with cytotoxic activity, antiviral activity and antimicrobial activity from the endophytic fungi of Panax notoginseng.

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IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL SECONDARY METABOLITE GENERATED FROM ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM JAMBLANG PLANT ( Eugenia cumini L)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16725 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 283

Author(s):

Shirly Kumala ◽

Ng Vini Aprilia ◽

Partomuan Simanjuntak

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Large Scale ◽

Diffusion Method

Objective: Colletotrichium capsici endophytic fungi isolated from Jamblang plant (Eugenia cumini L). The secondary metabolites of this plant has the potent antibacterial efficacy as well as diarrheal and anti-diabetic. This research focussed on isolation of the endophytic microbes from branches of Jamblang plants and their secondary metabolites.Methods: Isolation of endophytes were performed in PDA(potato dextrose agar) using direct seed plant. Endophytic fungi isolates with strongest antimicrobial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli were fermented in Potato Dextrose Yeast (PDY) to produce large scale of the metabolites. Supernatant was extracted with ethyl acetate solvent. Ethyl acetate extract fractionated by column chromatography (SiO3, n-hexane- ethyl acetate = 50:1 ~ 1:1) and obtained three fractions. Further, agar diffusion method was performed to assess their anti-microbial activity.Results: Antibacterial test results indicated that fraction III had the antibacterial activity Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter of 10.7 mm but no observed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, identification by GC-MS showed that compounds present in fraction III was mainly fatty acid and phenolic compounds.Conclusion: In conclusion, secondary metabolites isolated from Jamblang plants branches contained predominantly fatty acid and phenol related compounds that could be responsible for its potent anti microbial activity. Keywords : Endophytic fungi, Jamblang (Eugenia cumini L.), antimicrobial activity

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Biochemical Estimation and Antimicrobial Activities of the Extracts of Caesalpinia Sappan Linn.

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9586 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 429-436

Author(s):

N Senthilkumar ◽

S Murugesan ◽

N Banu ◽

S Supriya ◽

C Rajeshkannan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Oriental Medicine ◽

Good Source ◽

Caesalpinia Sappan ◽

Indian Medicinal Plant ◽

Biochemical Estimation ◽

Pathogenic Microbes ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Caesalpinia sappan Linn., a traditional Indian medicinal plant used widely in oriental medicine. The plant extracts were found to be a good source of secondary metabolites, vitamins and metals. The extracts were further tested against certain human pathogenic microbes. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the heartwood was found to be effective against certain pathogenic microbes. Key words: Caesalpinia sappan; Secondary metabolites; Vitamins; Antimicrobial activity DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9586 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 429-436

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Antimicrobial Potential of Microorganisms Isolated from the Bottom Sediments of Lake Baikal

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10080927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 927

Author(s):

Olga Babich ◽

Margarita Shevchenko ◽

Svetlana Ivanova ◽

Valery Pavsky ◽

Maria Zimina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Lake Baikal ◽

Bottom Sediments ◽

Microbial Mats ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Coastal Zones ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Extremophilic Microorganisms

Extremophilic microorganisms attract researchers by their unique characteristics, primarily antagonistic ones, acquired in the process of survival in extreme natural conditions. The antimicrobial potential of the metabolites of these microorganisms is quite broad, from the food industry to therapeutic drugs. Microbial mats of Lake Baikal are a source of unique and diverse microorganisms. The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of bacterial strains isolated from the bottom sediments of the lake. Using heterotrophic growth conditions, seven bacterial strains were isolated from samples collected in several coastal zones of Lake Baikal. Thisstudy identified both widespread strains of the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus and rare genera Micrococcus and Acinetobacterrepresentatives. Metabolites of five strains were found to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Four large fractions of metabolites of the isolated strains wereidentified. Two peptides of the isolated fractions of metabolites (one is produced by microorganisms of all five isolated strains, another—only by Pseudomonas putida) are low molecular weight oligopeptides. These peptides were proved to be bacteriocins.

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Secondary metabolites and the antimicrobial potential of five differentColeusspecies in response to salinity stress

10.1101/220368 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Divya Kotagiri ◽

Shaik Khasim Beebi ◽

Kolluru Viswanatha Chaitanya

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

High Concentration ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Novel Drugs

AbstractSalinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affects the growth and productivity of plants. The presence of soluble salts at high concentration near the root system restricts the uptake of water by plants. Plants grown under saline conditions possess higher amounts of secondary metabolites compared with those grown under normal conditions. The use of traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases is increasing day by day throughout the world. Developing novel drugs with antimicrobial potential from the source of medicinal plants is receiving attention to replace the use of synthetic drugs and to combat the growth of multi-drug resistant strains. Thus screening of medicinal plant extracts is carried out to evaluate their antimicrobial potency. The present study aimed at determining the secondary metabolites and antimicrobial potential of leaf, stem and root ethanol and chloroform extracts of five differentColeusspecies;C.aromaticus, C.amboinicus, Cbarbatus, C.forskohliiandC.zeylanicussubjected to salinity stress. The up regulation in the content of plant bioactive compounds along with the antimicrobial activities of ethanol and chloroform extracts under the influence of salinity stress have been observed during the study inColeus.The leaf, stem and root extracts of all the fiveColeusspecies showed good antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic strains. The leaf extracts ofColeusshowed higher inhibitory activity compared to the stem and root extracts. Ethanol extracts showed higher anti-microbial activity ranging from 1.5-100 mg/ml compared with the chloroform extracts ranging from 0.97-250 mg/ml respectively. The study revealed that the increased antimicrobial activity with increasing salinity might be due to the up regulation of secondary metabolites. The leaf, stem and root extracts ofColeusshowed effective antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic strains even under saline conditions is due to the up regulation of secondary metabolites which provides a scope of developing novel drugs to treat infectious diseases.

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Isolation, diversity, and antimicrobial activity of fungal endophytes from Rohdea chinensis (Baker) N.Tanaka (synonym Tupistra chinensis Baker) of Qinling Mountains, China

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9342

Author(s):

Chao An ◽

Saijian Ma ◽

Xinwei Shi ◽

Wenjiao Xue ◽

Chen Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

High Performance ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Qinling Mountains

Endophytic fungi have been emerged as fruitful resources for producing structurally fascinating and biologically active secondary metabolites. However, endophytic fungi from medicinal plants of Qinling Mountains–the most important natural climatic boundary between the subtropical and warm temperate zones of China with an astonishingly high level of biodiversity–have rarely been explored as potential sources of novel fungal species and active secondary metabolites. In this study, a total of 371 fungal colonies were successfully isolated from 510 tissue segments of the medicinal Tupistra chinensis Baker collected from Qinling Mountains, China. Roots of T. chinensis Baker are used as a folk medicine to ameliorate pharyngitis and treat rheumatic diseases. A total of 100 representative morphotype strains were identified according to ITS rDNA sequence analyses and were grouped into three phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucoromycota), seven classes (Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Mortierellomycetes), and at least 35 genera. The genera of Collectotrichum (IF, 29.92%), Fusarium (IF, 8.36%), Aspergillus (IF, 8.09%), and Dactylonectria (IF, 5.39%) were most frequently isolated from the tissues of T. chinensis Baker. The Species Richness Index (S, 65) and the Shannon-Wiener Index (H′, 3.7914) indicated that T. chinensis Baker harbored abundant fungal resources. Moreover, five isolates were potential new taxa because of low similarity of ITS sequences ranged from 95.09%∼96.61%. Fifteen out of 100 endophytic fungal ethyl acetate extracts exhibited inhibitory activities against at least one pathogenic bacterium or fungus. Two important lead compounds produced by two stains (F8047 and F8075) with high antimicrobial activities were identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF MS) analyses. In addition, it was noteworthy that the strain F8001, which may be a potential new species, showed antimicrobial activity and should be investigated further. Overall, these results indicated that the endophytic fungi from T. chinensis Baker could be exploited as a novel source of bioactive compounds.

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EXPLORATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI OF DRAGON SCALE’S FERN (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G. Price) AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL SOURCES

BIOVALENTIA Biological Research Journal ◽

10.24233/biov.5.2.2019.149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Angga Puja Asiandu ◽

Hary Widjajanti ◽

Elisa Nurnawati

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Host Plant ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Host Plants ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Pyrrosia Piloselloides ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Endophytic fungi are fungi which live inside the host plant tissue and have been undergone a horizontal gene transfer process. Endophytic fungi are able to synthesize the same bioactive compounds which synthesized by their host plants. The host plant used in this research was dragon’s scales fern (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G. Price). Dragon’s scales fern produces various of bioactive compounds which used as antibacterial agents such as polyphenols. This research was aimed to obtain endophytic fungi isolates from trophophyll fronds and sporophyll fronds of dragon’s scales fern, to determine the antibacterial activity of the secondary metabolite extracts of endophytic fungi, to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), to determine the characteristics of the endophytic fungi isolates which potentially as antibacterial source. Based on the research, 13 endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from dragon’s scales fern fronds consist of 5 isolates from trophophyll fronds and 8 isolates from sporophyll fronds. The antibacterial activity test showed that the extract of secondary metabolites of the isolate DTP2 had the highest inhibition zone diameter against E.coli 14.82 ± 4.05 mm, DTP4 against S.aureus 8.80 ± 0.03 mm and DSP4 against S.dysentriae 10.15 ± 0.36 mm. MIC of ethyl acetate extracts of secondary metabolites of isolate DTP2 against E.coli was 125 µg/mL, DTP4 against S.aureus was 125 µg/mL and DSP4 against S.dysentriae was 31.25 µg/mL. The endophytic fungi isolate DTP2 identified as Aureobasidium melanogenum, DTP4 identified as Penicillium alliisativi and DSP4 identified as Aspergillus flocculosus.

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