The Human Development Index and Per Capita Gross National Product as Predictors of Dental Caries Prevalence in Industrialized and Industrializing Countries

The tracking of gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of well-being of the society or human-being has been debated by many researchers and economists (Elizabeth, 2007; Abhinav, 2014; Deb, 2015 ) There are many deficiencies in tracking GDP as the economic development indicator, as it does not capture the inequality or true development of Human-being. Noted economist Mehbub ul Haq’s human development project defined a composite matrix which captures the life expectancy, education and per capita indicators in one matrix. This was developed to track as a development indicator of human welfare. In the previous studies, the GDP or GDP per capita was regressed with the Human Development Index (HDI) composite index and indicated a direct correlation between the two variables. However, this article examines the contribution of the income component in the HDI index by recalculating the composite matrix. This article also qualitatively examines the ability of HDI index to measure the human development parameters. JEL Classification Codes: E01, I12, O1

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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA AND EUROPE: RECIPROCAL COMPARISONS

Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History ◽

10.1017/s0212610915000348 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 11-37

Author(s):

Stephen Broadberry ◽

Leigh Gardner

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Economic Development ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Development Potential ◽

Development Index ◽

National Accounting ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Alternative Measures ◽

Per Capita

ABSTRACTRecent advances in historical national accounting have allowed for global comparisons of GDPper capitaacross space and time. Critics have argued that GDPper capitafails to capture adequately the multi-dimensional nature of welfare, and have developed alternative measures such as the human development index. Whilst recognising that these wider indicators provide an appropriate way of assessing levels of welfare, we argue that GDPper capitaremains a more appropriate measure for assessing development potential, focussing on production possibilities and the sustainability of consumption. Twentieth-century Africa and pre-industrial Europe are used to show how such data can guide reciprocal comparisons to provide insights into the process of development on both continents.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH ANGKA HARAPAN LAMA SEKOLAH, RATA-RATA LAMA SEKOLAH, DAN PENGELUARAN PER KAPITA TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

PRISMATIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Riset Matematika ◽

10.33503/prismatika.v3i2.1180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 126-140

Author(s):

A. Jauhar Mahya

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Local Governments ◽

Average Length ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Development Index ◽

Capita Expenditure ◽

Central Java ◽

Per Capita

The Human Development Index (HDI) is one of the data and information used by local governments to measure the achievement of human development. HDI is formed by three basic dimensions, namely a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. This study explain whether there is an influence and to obtain the magnitude of the influence of the expected number of years of schooling, the average length of schooling, and the per capita expenditure together on the Human Development Index in Central Java Province. This study was completed using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of SPSS 1.6 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. The results of this study indicate that the expected length of schooling, average length of schooling, and per capita expenditure have a significant effect on the human development index, which is 97.8% and only 2.2% is influenced by other factors.

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Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7240

Author(s):

Josep Penuelas ◽

Tamás Krisztin ◽

Michael Obersteiner ◽

Florian Huber ◽

Hannes Winner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Expectancy ◽

United Nations ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Cancer Prevalence ◽

Development Index ◽

Underdeveloped Countries ◽

Country Level ◽

Per Capita

Background: The quantity, quality, and type (e.g., animal and vegetable) of human food have been correlated with human health, although with some contradictory or neutral results. We aimed to shed light on this association by using the integrated data at country level. Methods: We correlated elemental (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) compositions and stoichiometries (N:P ratios), molecular (proteins) and energetic traits (kilocalories) of food of animal (terrestrial or aquatic) and vegetable origin, and alcoholic beverages with cancer prevalence and mortality and life expectancy (LE) at birth at the country level. We used the official databases of United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, and Eurobarometer, while also considering other possibly involved variables such as income, mean age, or human development index of each country. Results: The per capita intakes of N, P, protein, and total intake from terrestrial animals, and especially alcohol were significantly and positively associated with prevalence and mortality from total, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. In contrast, high per capita intakes of vegetable N, P, N:P, protein, and total plant intake exhibited negative relationships with cancer prevalence and mortality. However, a high LE at birth, especially in underdeveloped countries was more strongly correlated with a higher intake of food, independent of its animal or vegetable origin, than with other variables, such as higher income or the human development index. Conclusions: Our analyses, thus, yielded four generally consistent conclusions. First, the excessive intake of terrestrial animal food, especially the levels of protein, N, and P, is associated with higher prevalence of cancer, whereas equivalent intake from vegetables is associated with lower prevalence. Second, no consistent relationship was found for food N:P ratio and cancer prevalence. Third, the consumption of alcoholic beverages correlates with prevalence and mortality by malignant neoplasms. Fourth, in underdeveloped countries, reducing famine has a greater positive impact on health and LE than a healthier diet.

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Nature's role in sustaining economic development

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2009.0231 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 365 (1537) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Partha Dasgupta

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Natural Capital ◽

Well Being ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Development Index ◽

Development Indicators ◽

Comprehensive Wealth ◽

Per Capita ◽

Sub Saharan

In this paper, I formalize the idea of sustainable development in terms of intergenerational well-being. I then sketch an argument that has recently been put forward formally to demonstrate that intergenerational well-being increases over time if and only if a comprehensive measure of wealth per capita increases. The measure of wealth includes not only manufactured capital, knowledge and human capital (education and health), but also natural capital (e.g. ecosystems). I show that a country's comprehensive wealth per capita can decline even while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increases and the UN Human Development Index records an improvement. I then use some rough and ready data from the world's poorest countries and regions to show that during the period 1970–2000 wealth per capita declined in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, even though the Human Development Index (HDI) showed an improvement everywhere and GDP per capita increased in all places (except in sub-Saharan Africa, where there was a slight decline). I conclude that, as none of the development indicators currently in use is able to reveal whether development has been, or is expected to be, sustainable, national statistical offices and international organizations should now routinely estimate the (comprehensive) wealth of nations.

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ANALISIS PENGARUH INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA, PDRB PER KAPITA, DAN JUMLAH PENGANGGURAN TERHADAP JUMLAH PENDUDUK MISKIN DI PROVINSI JAMBI

EKONOMIS Journal of Economics and Business ◽

10.33087/ekonomis.v2i1.40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Yunie Rahayu

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Least Square ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Development Index ◽

The Poor ◽

Per Capita ◽

Poor Population

Poverty is a problem faced by all countries in the world, especially the developing countries, such as Indonesia. Poverty is a complex issue that is affected by a variety of interrelated factors, such as people's income levels, unemployment, health, education, access to goods and services, geographic location, gender, and location the environment. The number of poor population in Central Java is relatively lebihtinggi compared to laindi province of Indonesia, that is occupying ranked second in the number of poor population the largest in Indonesia after East Java. This research aims to analyze how and how much the variable influences the human development index, GDP per capita, and the number of poor population against unemployment in Jambi province in the year 2016. Methods of analysis in this study using multiple linear regression analysis with the method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) that use data between spaces (cross section) district/town in Jambi province year 2016 with the help of software Eviews 4.1. The results of this research indicate that the variable is the human development index (HDI) a negative and significant effect against the poor population in the province of Jambi, the per capita GDP is negative and significant effect against the number of poor population in The province of Jambi, the unemployment and the number of positive and significant effect against the poor population in the province of Jambi.Keywords: population of the poor, the human development index (HDI), GDP per capita, and the number of Unemployed

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ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) PADA 6 DAERAH TERTINGGAL DI PULAU JAWA TAHUN 2010-2016

Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan ◽

10.22219/jep.v15i2.5359 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Yunita Firdha Kyswantoro

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Labor Force ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Random Effect ◽

Random Effect Model ◽

Poor People ◽

Development Index ◽

Per Capita ◽

Force Variable

Disadvantaged areas are districts whose areas and communities are less developed when compared to other regions on a national scale. Java Island as the contribution of the highest economic growth in Indonesia in fact accounted for 6 of 122 disadvantaged areas in Indonesia, namely Kab. Bondowoso, Kab. Situbondo, Kab. Bangkalan, Kab.Sampang, Kab. Pandeglang, Kab. Lebak. One of the criteria of disadvantaged areas is human resources, this can be measured through HDI (Human Development Index). The number of poor people, labor force and GRDP per capita are some factors that are considered to illustrate the influence of HDI in 6 disadvantaged areas. This research used Random Effect Model (REM) panel data regression in 6 disadvantaged areas in Java Island 2010 - 2016. The result of this research, labor force variable has no significant effect to Human Development Index (HDI). While the number of poor and PDRB perkapita have a significant effect on HDI in 6 disadvantaged areas in Java. It is therefore an effective way to accelerate the growth of economic growth in underdeveloped areas related to HDI through the decline of the number of poor people with the creation of labor-intensive jobs which in turn will increase the per capita GDP. Thus, increasing GRDP per capita will increase Human Development Index (HDI) where HDI is one indicator in economic growth of a region.

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Analysis of Factors Affecting Human Development Index in the City of Binjai

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210422 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 161-170

Author(s):

Elisabet Novita Barus ◽

HB. Tarmizi ◽

Rahmanta .

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Capita Income ◽

Health Expenditure ◽

Per Capita Income ◽

Education Expenditure ◽

Development Index ◽

Shopping Area ◽

Per Capita ◽

The City

This study aims to analyze the Factors That Affect Human Development Index in the City of Binjai with variable observations shopping area in the field of health, education, population, and income per capita. This research is causality by performing multiple regression analysis (Multiple Regression Analysis). The Data used is the data of the year 2005 up to 2019 are presented per semester (n=30 samples). The results of the study concluded that the shopping area in the field of health, expenditure on education, expenditure in the field of population, and per capita income is able to influence the human development index in the local government of the City of Binjai. Based on the value of the coefficient of determination (r-square) of all the variables, it was concluded that per capita income is a variable dominant that affect the human development index in the local government of the City of Binjai. Keywords: The Human Development Index, A Shopping Area In The Field Of Health, Expenditure On Education, Expenditure In The Field Of Population, And Per Capita Income.

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Trends in Mediterranean inequalities 1950-2015

Panoeconomicus ◽

10.2298/pan160923012d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 385-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vittorio Daniele ◽

Paolo Malanima

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Social Indicators ◽

First Century ◽

Gdp Per Capita ◽

Development Index ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The 1950S

This article is aimed at analysing the trends of economic, social and institutional inequality among the Mediterranean countries in the period 1950- 2015. After the examination of the inequalities in GDP per capita among and within nations, we present a Human Development Index (HDI) that includes a measure of democratic achievements. Main result is that inequalities in income, after the rise from the 1950s onwards, declined from the start of the twenty-first century. Inequalities in HDI, instead, constantly diminished in the period under examination, while a process of democratization occurred. On the whole, despite the convergence among Mediterranean countries, economic inequalities are much deeper than those in social indicators.

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DISPARITAS REGIONAL PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT DI ERA OTONOMI DAERAH

Jurnal Tataloka ◽

10.14710/tataloka.17.1.53-63 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

S Syahrial ◽

Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽

Yeti Lis Purnamadewi

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Data Use ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Development Index ◽

Independent Variables ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Per Capita ◽

Underdeveloped Region ◽

The Impact

Regional autonomy policy has been implemented since 2001, but in 2013 as many as 66.67 percent of districts in West Sumatra still categorized as a relatively underdeveloped region by the Ministry of Development Underdeveloped regions. This indicates the occurrence of inequality considerable development in the Province of West Sumatra. This study not only examines the degree of inequality between regions, but also analyze the impact of GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, and the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure against the inequalities based on economic position (the pattern and structure of economic growth). Analysis of the data use the Index Williamson and panel data regession from 2005 to 2012. The results showed disparity of regional development in the Provinces of West Sumatra increasing. Simultaneously and partially three independent variables (GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure) significant and positive influence as a major source of regional disparities in the Province of West Sumatra.Regional autonomy policy has been implemented since 2001, but in 2013 as many as 66.67 percent of districts in West Sumatra still categorized as a relatively underdeveloped region by the Ministry of Development Underdeveloped regions. This indicates the occurrence of inequality considerable development in the Province of West Sumatra. This study not only examines the degree of inequality between regions, but also analyze the impact of GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, and the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure against the inequalities based on economic position (the pattern and structure of economic growth). Analysis of the data use the Index Williamson and panel data regession from 2005 to 2012. The results showed disparity of regional development in the Provinces of West Sumatra increasing. Simultaneously and partially three independent variables (GDRP per capita, the growth of the Human Development Index, the Ratio of Infrastructure Expenditure) significant and positive influence as a major source of regional disparities in the Province of West Sumatra.

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