SUGGESTIVE PLACEMENT OF Quassia borneensis Noot. (Simaroubaceae) AS INDICATED BY ISOLATION OF ITS QUASSINOIDS

Quassinoids have been reported to possess numerous biological activities such as anticancer, antimalarial and phytotoxicity. They are degraded triterpenoids which give bitterness characteristic of Simaroubaceae and classified according to their basic skeletons; C18, C19, C20, C22, C25 which correspond to their particular genus Quassia, Brucea, Soulamea, Eurycoma, Picrolemnia and others. Quassia borneensis Noot. (Simaroubaceae) (Qb) have not been properly placed in Quassia s.l. thus created confusion. Therefore, a study on Qb for its chemical compounds and biological activity are appropriate for data gathering. There is positive possibility for new quassinoids with potent biological activity to be discovered, in addition to confirmation of placement in Simaroubaceae. The study was accomplished by extracting the secondary metabolites from Qb by soxhlet in methanol. The methanol extract was partitioned to acquire n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous extracts. These extracts underwent isolation and purification through chromatographic techniques before subjected to spectroscopic instruments for structural elucidation. Preliminary findings identified five quassinoids and one canthin-6-one as glaucarubolone (1), chaparrinone (2), holacanthone (3), glaucarubinone (4), ailanthinone (5) and canthin-6-one (6) in reference to past reports. The isolation confirms Qb placement in Simaroubaceae, however, not in Quassia section as indicated by isolated quassinoids. Hence, further study would confirm its proper section in Quassia.

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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activity Profiles on Pleione (Orchidaceae)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24173195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 3195 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiao-Qian Wu ◽

Wei Li ◽

Jing-Xin Chen ◽

Jun-Wen Zhai ◽

Hui-You Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Structural Analysis ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Significant Role ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Southern Asia ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Pleione (Orchidaceae) is not only famous for the ornamental value in Europe because of its special color, but also endemic in Southern Asia for its use in traditional medicine. A great deal of research about its secondary metabolites and biological activities has been done on only three of 30 species of Pleione. Up to now, 183 chemical compounds, such as phenanthrenes, bibenzyls, glucosyloxybenzyl succinate derivatives, flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, etc., have been obtained from Pleione. These compounds have been demonstrated to play a significant role in anti-tumor, anti-neurodegenerative and anti-inflammatory biological activities and improve immunity. In order to further develop the drugs and utilize the plants, the chemical structural analysis and biological activities of Pleione are summarized in this review.

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Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Soft Coral Genus Sinularia since 2013

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19060335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Xia Yan ◽

Jing Liu ◽

Xue Leng ◽

Han Ouyang

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Coral Species ◽

Soft Coral ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Vital Role ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Lead Compounds ◽

Coral Genus

Sinularia is one of the conspicuous soft coral species widely distributed in the world’s oceans at a depth of about 12 m. Secondary metabolites from the genus Sinularia show great chemical diversity. More than 700 secondary metabolites have been reported to date, including terpenoids, norterpenoids, steroids/steroidal glycosides, and other types. They showed a broad range of potent biological activities. There were detailed reviews on the terpenoids from Sinularia in 2013, and now, it still plays a vital role in the innovation of lead compounds for drug development. The structures, names, and pharmacological activities of compounds isolated from the genus Sinularia from 2013 to March 2021 are summarized in this review.

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Biological Activities of Alkaloids: From Toxicology to Pharmacology

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12040210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zbigniew Adamski ◽

Linda L. Blythe ◽

Luigi Milella ◽

Sabino A. Bufo

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biological Activities

Plants produce many secondary metabolites, which reveal biological activity [...]

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Pregnane Glycosides

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0600100813 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X0600100 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nilendu Panda ◽

Sukdeb Banerjee ◽

Nirup B. Mandal ◽

Niranjan P. Sahu

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽

Data Structures ◽

Biological Activities ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Tandem Mass ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Recent Developments

Pregnane glycosides constitute a class of compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Many of them have shown either anticarcinogenic or cancer inhibitory properties, besides other useful biological activities. New chromatographic techniques and advances in spectroscopic and spectrometric methods have accelerated the purification and structure determination of novel glycosides of this series. A compilation of the pregnane glycosides isolated from 1995 until the middle of 2005, along with their physical data, structures and occurrence are presented in this review, which also summarizes, with suitable examples, recent developments in isolation and purification techniques, and structural elucidation using modern spectrometric methods like ESIMS and tandem mass spectrometry, and 2D NMR spectroscopic strategies. The reported anticancer and other biological activities of pregnane glycosides are also discussed.

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A Preliminary Study of the Microbial Resources and Their Biological Activities of the East China Sea

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/806485 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaoling Lu ◽

Xiaoyu Liu ◽

Cong Long ◽

Guoxiang Wang ◽

Yun Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

East China Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Structure Type ◽

East China ◽

Marine Microorganisms ◽

The East China Sea ◽

China Sea

East China Sea is one of the four sea areas in China, which possesses peculiar ecological environment and many kinds of living creatures, especially the microorganisms. We established the East China Sea microorganism library (during 2006–2010) for the first time, which stored about 30000 strains that covered most kinds of the species. In this paper, 395 pure strains of East China Sea microorganism library which belong to 33 different genera were mainly introduced.Sulfitobacter,Halomonas,Bacillus,Pseudoalteromonas, andIdiomarinawere the most dominant species. On the large-scale biological activity screening of the 395 strains, 100 strains possess different biological activities based on different screening models, of which 11.4% strains have antibacterial activities, 15.9% have cytotoxicity activities, and 6.1% have antioxidation activities. Besides, the secondary metabolites of 6 strains with strong biological activities were studied systematically; diketopiperazines and macrocyclic lactones are the active secondary metabolites. The species and the biological activity of microorganisms diversity, the abundant structure type of the secondary metabolites, and their bioactivities all indicate that East China Sea is a potent marine microorganisms-derived developing resource for drug discovery.

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Isolation and purification of plant secondary metabolites using column-chromatographic technique

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v11i4.28185 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 844 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vivek K. Bajpai ◽

Rajib Majumder ◽

Jae Gyu Park

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

High Performance ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Chromatographic Technique ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Visual Demonstration ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Column Chromatographic

Chromatographic techniques have significant role in natural products chemistry as well as contribute dramatically in the discovery of novel and innovative compounds of pharmaceutical and biomedical importance. This study focused on step-by-step visual demonstration of fractionation and isolation of biologically active plant secondary metabolites using column-chromatographic techniques. Isolation of bioactive compounds using column-chromatographic involves: a) Preparation of sample; b) Packing of column; c) Pouring of sample into the column; d) Elution of fractions; and e) Analysis of each fractions using thin layer chromatography. However, depending on nature of research, compounds can be further purified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analyses.Video Clips<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/pr8mrBoI8xA">Part 1:</a> 3 min 45 sec<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/rYrfClKn-og">Part 2:</a> 6 min 21 sec<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/kffHXxuPwbo">Part 3</a>: 4 min 45 sec

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Steroid Compounds From Gynura pseudochina (Lour) DC

Molekul ◽

10.20884/1.jm.2017.12.1.293 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ferlinahayati Ferlinahayati ◽

Roby Pahala J Gultom ◽

Herlina Herlina ◽

Eliza Eliza

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Spectral Evidence ◽

First Time

Daun dewa (Gynura pseudochina Lour DC) is a one of popular traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This research was conducted to isolate chemical compounds from daun dewa leaves using various chromatographic techniques. A steroid mixture namely b-sitosterol (1a) and stigmasterol (1b) were isolated for the first time from the methanol extract of daun dewa. The structures were determined base on spectral evidence including IR, NMR 1D and NMR 2D.

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Phytochemicals, Antimicrobials and Antioxidants Studies of the Stem Bark Extract from Calophyllum ferrugineum

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v17i2.6917 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Izzah Afifah Noh ◽

Vivien Yi Mian Jong

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Ic50 Values

Traditionally, Calophyllum genus was used for swollen gums, arthritis, diarrhea, chronic abscess, skin infections, and lesions treatment. C. ferrugineum from Sarawak has least studied about their phytochemical constituents and biological activities. The objectives are to isolate and characterize the chemical components from C. ferrugineum and to determine their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The plant stem barks were collected from National Park in Sarawak and underwent extraction process. The extracts underwent isolation and purification processes by using several chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation was achieved by using infrared, MS and NMR spectra. The isolation process from the species has afforded 5 known compounds; isocalanone (1) and 1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one (2), lupeol (3), friedelin (4) and diethylene glycol dibenzoate (5). The chloroform and methanol extract showed strong inhibitions against S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and E. coli with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 225 and 112.5 µg/mL. Isocalanone (1) and the methanol extract of C. ferrugineum showed potent antioxidant activity with the IC50 values of 28 ± 5.23 and 35 ± 3.69 µg/mL compared to ascorbic acid, respectively. The results obtained from this study emphasized the potential of the species as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents.

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Metabolic fingerprinting, antioxidant characterization, and enzyme-inhibitory response of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. extracts

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-020-03093-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joham Sarfraz Ali ◽

Hammad Saleem ◽

Abdul Mannan ◽

Gokhan Zengin ◽

Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Inhibitory Response ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Monotheca Buxifolia

Abstract Background Ethnobotanical and plant-based products allow for the isolation of active constituents against a number of maladies. Monotheca buxifolia is used by local communities due to its digestive and laxative properties, as well as its ability to cure liver, kidney, and urinary diseases. There is a need to explore the biological activities and chemical constituents of this medicinal plant. Methods In this work, the biochemical potential of M. buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC was explored and linked with its biological activities. Methanol and chloroform extracts from leaves and stems were investigated for total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) was used to determine secondary-metabolite composition, while high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA) was used for polyphenolic quantification. In addition, we carried out in vitro assays to determine antioxidant potential and the enzyme-inhibitory response of M. buxifolia extracts. Results Phenolics (91 mg gallic-acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and flavonoids (48.86 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g) exhibited their highest concentration in the methanol extract of stems and the chloroform extract of leaves, respectively. UHPLC–MS analysis identified a number of important phytochemicals, belonging to the flavonoid, phenolic, alkaloid, and terpenoid classes of secondary metabolites. The methanol extract of leaves contained a diosgenin derivative and polygalacin D, while kaempferol and robinin were most abundant in the chloroform extract. The methanol extract of stems contained a greater peak area for diosgenin and kaempferol, whereas this was true for lucidumol A and 3-O-cis-coumaroyl maslinic acid in the chloroform extract. Rutin, epicatechin, and catechin were the main phenolics identified by HPLC–PDA analysis. The methanol extract of stems exhibited significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical-scavenging activities (145.18 and 279.04 mmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, respectively). The maximum cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) (361.4 mg TE/g), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (247.19 mg TE/g), and total antioxidant potential (2.75 mmol TE/g) were depicted by the methanol extract of stems. The methanol extract of leaves exhibited stronger inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glucosidase, while the chloroform extract of stems was most active against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (4.27 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g). Similarly, the highest tyrosinase (140 mg kojic-acid equivalent (KAE)/g) and amylase (0.67 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g) inhibition was observed for the methanol extract of stems. Conclusions UHPLC–MS analysis and HPLC–PDA quantification identified a number of bioactive secondary metabolites of M. buxifolia, which may be responsible for its antioxidant potential and enzyme-inhibitory response. M. buxifolia can be further explored for the isolation of its active components to be used as a drug.

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Monoterpenes and Their Derivatives—Recent Development in Biological and Medical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21197078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (19) ◽

pp. 7078

Author(s):

Mariola Zielińska-Błajet ◽

Joanna Feder-Kubis

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Structural Modification ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Pivotal Role ◽

Medical Applications ◽

Biological And Medical Applications

Monoterpenes, comprising hydrocarbons, are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites and are commonly found in essential oils. Monoterpenes and their derivatives are key ingredients in the design and production of new biologically active compounds. This review focuses on selected aliphatic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenes like geraniol, thymol, myrtenal, pinene, camphor, borneol, and their modified structures. The compounds in question play a pivotal role in biological and medical applications. The review also discusses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antiviral, anticancer, antituberculosis, and antioxidant biological activities exhibited by monoterpenes and their derivatives. Particular attention is paid to the link between biological activity and the effect of structural modification of monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, as well as the introduction of various functionalized moieties into the molecules in question.

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