A Power Flow Model for High Speed Motorized Spindles—Heat Generation Characterization

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Bossmanns ◽  
Jay F. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Source Models ◽  
Motorized Spindles

Lack of a more complete understanding of system characteristics, particularly thermal effects, severely limits the reliability of high speed spindles to support manufacturing. High speed spindles are notorious for their sudden catastrophic failures without alarming signs at high speeds due to thermal problems. In this paper, a qualitative power flow model is presented to characterize the power distribution of a high speed motorized spindle. Quantitative heat source models of the built-in motor and the bearings are then developed. These models are verified with a custom-built high performance motorized spindle of 32 KW and a maximum speed of 25,000 rpm (1.5 million DN). Several systematic test procedures are also developed to validate the models.

Thermal Characters of the Air-Cooled High Speed Motorized Spindle for Wood-Working Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 568-572
Author(s):  
Da Guo Ma ◽  
Xin Bo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
Dissipation Structure ◽  
Motorized Spindles

The structure and composition of the air-cooled high speed motorized spindle for wood-working machine and some features relative to the metal cutting motorized spindle are introduced briefly. Then the main heat sources and heat dissipation mechanism of the air-cooled motorized spindle are thoroughly analyzed, finite element model of the air-cooled motorized spindle is built, the motorized spindles temperature distribution under thermal steady state and the influence of speed are analyzed. The results show that air cooling relative to the water or oil cooling has many advantages and reasonable heat dissipation structure design of air-cooled motorized spindle could meet the requirements of the high-speed motorized spindle for wood-working machine.

scholarly journals Enhanced High Performance Power Compensation Methodology by IPFC Using PIGBT-IDVR

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Subramanian Arumugom ◽  
Marimuthu Rajaram
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distributed System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Voltage Restorer ◽  
Voltage Restorer ◽  
Dynamic Voltage

Currently, power systems are involuntarily controlled without high speed control and are frequently initiated, therefore resulting in a slow process when compared with static electronic devices. Among various power interruptions in power supply systems, voltage dips play a central role in causing disruption. The dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a process based on voltage control that compensates for line transients in the distributed system. To overcome these issues and to achieve a higher speed, a new methodology called the Parallel IGBT-Based Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (PIGBT-IDVR) method has been proposed, which mainly spotlights the dynamic processing of energy reloads in common dc-linked energy storage with less adaptive transition. The interline power flow controller (IPFC) scheme has been employed to manage the power transmission between the lines and the restorer method for controlling the reactive power in the individual lines. By employing the proposed methodology, the failure of a distributed system has been avoided and provides better performance than the existing methodologies.

scholarly journals High Performance Valve Seat Materials for CNG Powered Combustion Engines

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4860
Author(s):  
Andrzej Romański ◽  
Elżbieta Cygan-Bączek
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Base Material ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Valve Seat ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Engine Valves

The conventional copper infiltrated high speed steel (HSS) valve seats used in gasoline engines are not suitable for CNG combustion because the exhaust gas temperature is at least 80 °C higher, which drastically shortens the service life of the engine valves. Therefore, a proprietary high-alloy HSS-base material was designed to combat hot corrosion and mechanical wear of valve seat faces in CNG fuelled engines. A batch of −100 mesh water atomized HSS powder was commissioned. The powder was vacuum annealed in order to reduce oxygen content and increase its compressibility. To improve the final part machinability, 1.2% MnS was admixed to the HSS powder prior to compaction. The green compacts were sintered at 1135 °C in nitrogen to around 83% TD and subsequently infiltrated with a copper alloy. After installing the valve seat components on a cylinder head, the engine was tested for 100 h according to the automotive industry valve seat wear test procedures. Both the periodic 8-h checks as well as the final examination of the valve seats showed very slow wear, indicating their suitability for CNG powered engines.

Vibration and Noise Monitoring of Ceramic Motorized Spindles

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2076-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xiu Zhang ◽  
Yu Hou Wu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Engineering Ceramic ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Motorized Spindles

High speed machining (HSM) technology is used in a broad range of applications to machine ferrous metals and nonmetallic material. The motorized spindle is one of the major elements to keep the machine running at high productivity. In recently years, the requirement of rotational speed and rigidity of motorized spindle is getting higher and higher in order to satisfy the high speed processing. Engineering ceramic is the ideal material for high-speed and high precision electrical spindle due to perfect characteristics of light weight, wear resistance, high temperature, high strength, and so on. So a ceramic motorized spindle is designed for higher speed and rigidity. The shaft and bearing of the motorized spindle are made from ceramic material and other parts are made from metal. Rated power of this electrical spindle is 15Kw; its torque is 14Nm and revolving speed is up to 30,000 rpm as maximum. Motorized spindle is a typical mechatronics product and its dynamic property is very important. The signal of vibration and noise of motorized spindle may display its running status, so the vibration and noise of motorized spindle is an important index in the dynamic performance. This paper monitors the vibration and noise of ceramic motorized spindles using spectral analysis techniques. The effects of rotating speed and lubrication condition on vibration and noise of the ceramic electrical spindle are analyzed. These results are very helpful to the structure optimization and application of the ceramic motorized spindle.

Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of Rotor-Bearing Systems Involving Two Hydrodynamic Oil Films in Series: Prediction and Test Application to High-Speed Turbochargers

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostandin Gjika ◽  
Chris Groves
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Rotor Bearing ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Bearing System

In recent years, the desire for increased engine performance has led to technology that increasingly relies on robust and reliable turbocharging solutions. The rotor-bearing system (RBS) operates under extreme oil conditions of low viscosity, high temperatures, low HTHS (high temperature high shear) value and low pressure, while the demand for maximum turbocharger speed and variable geometry technology continues to increase. The rotordynamics instability is a potential issue and the development of RBS is becoming a challenge for design optimization at the development stage. It is further complicated by a lack of industrial standards to guide design practices related to the dynamics and the effort to combine high performance with low cost. This paper concerns the progress on nonlinear dynamic behavior modeling of turbocharger rotor-radial bearing system with fully floating bearing design. A developed fluid dynamics code predicts bearing rotational speed, operating inner and outer bearing clearances, effective oil viscosity taking into account the shear effect and hydrostatic load. The data are input to a rotordynamics code which predicts nonlinear lateral response (total shaft motion) of the rotor-bearing system. The model is validated with a high speed turbocharger RBS of 7.9 mm journal diameter running up to 160,000 rpm (maximum speed) with oil 0W30, 100 °C oil inlet temperature and 4 bar oil feed pressure. The test is conducted on a rotordynamics technology cell. An advanced data acquisition system is implanted and a powerful code is developed for automated data reduction. Prediction/test data show good correlation with the respect of synchronous response and total motion. The predictive model helps the development of high performance RBS with faster development cycle times and increased reliability.

Tire ABS-Braking Prediction with Lab Tests and Friction Simulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Ignatyev ◽  
Stefan Ripka ◽  
Norbert Mueller ◽  
Stefan Torbruegge ◽  
Burkhard Wies
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Friction Test ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
Braking Process

ABSTRACT The invention and application of antilock braking systems (ABS) has resulted in a significant improvement of traffic safety and a reduction of stopping distance, especially on wet roads [1]. The reason for this success is rather clear: ABS is designed to steer the braking process in the most efficient way by keeping an optimal level of tire slip. At the same time, it must be clear that ABS uses braking forces generated in the tire footprint, and really good braking is possible only with high-performance tires. The best way to probe tire performance is to build tires and test them. This is, however, a long and an expensive procedure, so prediction of ABS performance based on results of some simple experiments is a very attractive supplement to the development process. Tire-braking performance is related to the friction of rubber on a surface. Relevant friction mechanisms can include adhesion, rubber hysteresis, and various kinds of viscous friction. All of these phenomena depend on the local sliding velocity, load, and temperature of tread rubber. Tire blocks pass the footprint area of a braking tire very rapidly, but their dynamics are indeed influenced by ABS. All of these aspects make the problem of ABS-braking prediction very intricate. In this publication, we present an approach for prediction of the ABS-braking performance. The approach links friction measurements conducted in laboratory to tire tests results. The friction of six specially designed compounds was measured on dry and wet surfaces using a high-speed linear friction test rig. Obtained experimental results are analyzed with the aid of rubber friction theory [2,3] involving both surface and rubber as input parameters. It is demonstrated that lab friction test procedures can be used for prediction of ABS wet braking performance.

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of High-Speed Milling Motorized Spindle Based on ANSYS Workbench

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 530-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Ying Xue Yao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
High Speed Milling ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Motorized Spindles ◽  
Ansys Workbench

The DGZX - 1425 high-speed milling motorized spindle which is made and designed independently by Hao Zhi electrical and mechanical company in Guangzhou China is made as the research object, the method of establishing numerical simulation model for the spindle units dynamic performances is established, and the design of the spindles structure has been verified reasonable. Modal analysis of the spindle has been completed in ANSYS Workbench to get the first six natural frequencies and mode shapes. Harmonic analysis of the spindle is also completed to obtain the dynamic stiffness at the highest speed. Modal test and vibration test of the assembled spindle are also processed, which have verified the accuracy of the finite element method. The paper has provided a theoretical basis for the motorized spindles design, structural optimization and the improvement of the dynamic performances.

scholarly journals A Corrected Adaptive Balancing Approach of Motorized Spindle Considering Air Gap Unbalance

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Fan ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Sijie Shao ◽  
Minqing Jing ◽  
Heng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
Mass Unbalance ◽  
Vibration Signal Analysis ◽  
Precision Machine Tools ◽  
Motorized Spindles

Motorized spindles widely used for high-speed precision machine tools are very sensitive to the mass unbalance of rotors; thus, their balancing problem is always a research hotspot. Although many significant studies were done regarding the theory and application of various rotor balancing technologies for motorized spindles, the particularity of motorized spindles is not carefully considered in the existing balancing approaches. When the rotor unbalance of a motorized spindle occurs in operation, it is subject to both the mass unbalance-induced inertia force and air gap unbalance-induced electromagnetic force, which is an important feature that distinguishes the motorized spindle from a mechanical spindle. This paper describes an investigation into the corrected adaptive balancing approach of a motorized spindle by newly introducing a coefficient representing the removing effect of the air gap unbalance of the motor on the balancing capacity into the balancing formula. The determination of the newly defined coefficient refers to the calculation of electromagnetic force caused by the dynamic air gap eccentricity of motor; thus, much attention is paid to the analytical derivation of the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP). Finally, a motorized spindle with an electromagnetic ring balancer was developed; then, the balancing tests and vibration signal analysis were done to validate the effectiveness of the newly proposed balancing approach in residual vibration reduction. It can be seen from the test results under different cases that the proposed balancing approach is effective.

The Vibration Analysis and Modal Experimental Study of High Speed Motorized Spindle

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 3078-3082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Meng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Resonance Region ◽  
Vibration Velocity ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Vibration Testing ◽  
Vibration Acceleration ◽  
Motorized Spindle ◽  
Testing Method

Vibration testing and modal experiment under the different speed are carried out to the high speed motorized spindle whose maximum speed is 60 000 rpm. Time domain waveform and spectrum of motorized spindle’s radial vibration acceleration are obtained under the unload state. Through calculating and analyzing, the vibration velocity and the testing point which generates the maximum vibration velocity are found out. Then motorized spindle is validated whether it accords with the requirements of high-precision manufacture. And the correctness of the vibration testing method is also verified. Primary reasons of the motorized spindle’s vibration are put forward. The first five steps natural frequencies of motorized spindle test-bed are gained by appropriate ways to checkout if the test-bed in the resonance region.

scholarly journals Special characteristics of technical actions, performed by qualified athletes, specializing in 110 m hurdles

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
V.I. Bobrovnick ◽  
S.Ye. Kopanayko
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Coordination Ability ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
The 19Th Century

The modern high-performance sport is characterized by high sports results, which are shown by athletes at international forums (Olympic Games, World and European Championships). One of the track-and-field athletics events, that can be called unique, is hurdling. The typical characteristics of hurdling include high speed, agility, coordination ability and strength capabilities required to overcome the hurdle. The emergence and development of hurdling began in the second half of the 19th century. The first rules were published in 1864, and the height of the hurdles as well as the distance between them have remained unchanged up to this day. In 1898, in Chicago (USA), A. Kreinzlen set a record in 120 yards hurdles, using a new at that time technique of overcoming hurdles. It was this technique that formed the basis of the modern one and still remains relevant for coaches and athletes [16, p. 29–32, 12, p. 175– 184]. The technical actions of an athlete can be divided into such components as start, starting run-up and distance running. These main components are relevant for both men and women [16, p. 35–37]. The increase of performance rates in hurdling directly depends on learning to overcome obstacles and maintaining the maximum speed along a distance after overcoming, which is the main problem of studying and applying the research results in the training process. Among the main characteristics of hurdlers’ technical actions are the preparation and overcoming of a hurdle (both the first and the following ones along a distance) without losing the possible maximum speed. This means that an athlete must have a highly developed ability to quickly change the elements of technique at a high speed with the help of already developed or genetically determined agility [2, p.199-217]. The analysis of athletes’ performances at the Olympic Games, World and European Championships during 1992 – 2019 showed that nobody among the Ukrainian hurdlers won a prize at these competitions (Table 1).

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