Macroscopic Spray Parameters in Automotive Diesel Injector Nozzles With Different Hole Shape

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Dongiovanni ◽  
Claudio Negri ◽  
Davide Pisoni
Keyword(s):  
Test Chamber ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Penetration ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour

The sprays generated from three nozzles for automotive diesel engines have been compared. The nozzles were characterized by the same stationary flux and they were designed for the same engine, but with holes of different shape: cylindrical, conical and with different internal edge finishing. The nozzles have been mounted on an injection system test bench in order to characterize their hydraulic behaviour at practical test conditions for the engine on which the nozzles have to be installed. Then, the injector has been mounted on a test chamber and sprays were generated at the test conditions previously defined. Digital images of every spray plume were acquired at the same optical and injector operative conditions. An automatic digital image procedure was defined in order to evaluate the macroscopic spray characteristics: penetration and dispersion angle. This procedure was based on the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition in order to choose the appropriate threshold level for each image. The effect of the intensity threshold level on the image analysis was analysed in terms of macroscopic spray characteristics. The temporal evolutions of the sprays generated by the three nozzles were compared with one-another and the effects of practical injection timing on spray penetration were analysed. A dimensionless spray penetration correlation was developed in order to take into account the effects of the injection rate profiles on the penetration.

scholarly journals An experimental study of gasoline effects on injection rate, momentum flux and spray characteristics using a common rail diesel injection system

Fuel ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 390-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Payri ◽  
Antonio García ◽  
Vicent Domenech ◽  
Russell Durrett ◽  
Alejandro H. Plazas
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Diesel Injection

scholarly journals Optimization of development mode of asphalt profile control based on numerical simulation and study of its mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Fulin Wang ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yunfei Zhao ◽  
Yanjun Fang ◽  
Fuli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Profile Control

Asphalt profile control is an effective method, which can further improve oil recovery of reservoir polymer flooded, it has a lot of advantages including high strength profile control, seal strata formation efficiency, low cost and no pollution, but there has not a perfect evaluation system for its development mode. The effect of different concentration, injection rate, radius of profile control, the timing of profile and segment combination way on the oil displacement effect of the asphalt profile control were researched using numerical simulation method on actual typical well area in Daqing oilfield, and the mechanism of asphalt profile control was studied in detail. According to the results of laboratory test, the largest Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) of asphalt was obtained at injection concentration 4000 mg/L, and the best combination was “high–low–high” concentration slug mode. According to the results of numerical simulation, the best concentration, injection rate, radius of profile control and injection timing were 4000 mg/L, 0.15 PV/a (Pore Volume [PV], m3), 1/2 of well spacing and 96% water cut in single slug of asphalt injection system, when the injection condition was multiple slug, the “high–low–high” slug combination mode was the best injection mode. These results could provide effective development basis for asphalt profile control after polymer flooding in thick oil layers.

Analysis of Fuel Injection Parameter on Biodiesel and Diesel Spray Characteristics Using Common Rail System

2014 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Azwan Sapit ◽  
M.N. Anuar ◽  
Him Ramsy ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Length

Precise control of fuel injection is essential in modern diesel engines especially in controlling the precise injection quantity, flexible injection timing, flexible rate of injection with multiple injections and high injection pressures. It was known that the fuel-air mixing is mainly influenced by the fuel injection system and injector nozzle characteristics. Thus, mixture formation during ignition process associated with the exhaust emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of spray characteristics on the mixture formation. In this study, common rail injector systems with different model of injector were used to simulate the actual mixture formation inside the engine chamber. The optical visualization system was constructed with a digital video camera in order to investigate the detailed behavior of mixture formation. This method can capture spray penetration length, spray angle, spray evaporation and mixture formation process clearly. The spray characteristic such as the penetration length, spray angle and spray area are increasing when the injection pressure increased. The mixture formation can be improved effectively by increasing the injection pressure.

scholarly journals Analisa Kerja Injector Terhadap Perfomance Engine pada Mesin Isuzu Cyz 51

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (04) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Denur Denur
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Common Rail System ◽  
Rail System ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Common Rail Injector ◽  
Filter Water

System bahan bakar dikelompokan menjadi dua bagian. Bahagian tekanan tinggi dan bahagian tekan rendah. Tekanan tinggi diawali dari komponen supply pump, common rail, injector. Tekanan rendah diawali dari tangki bahan bakar, supply pump dan pipa kelebihan baban bakar. Ada dua buah filter yang digunakan,yaitu filter utama, filter water separator yang difungsikan pada system bahan bakar, untuk mengatasi kebocoran bahan bakar dan berbagai permasalahan yang ada maka sebuah flow damper dan limiter valve di pasang pada bahagian common rail, juga sebuah overflow valve di pasang pada bahagian supply pump.  Common rail system yang menggunakan sebuah type accumulator chamber yang disebut common rail yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan tekanan bahan bakar yang tinggi, dan injectors yang terdapat electronically controlled solenoid valves akan menyemprotkan tekanan bahan bakar yang tinggi  kedalam ruang bakar, Injection system (injection pressure, injection rate, dan injection timing) dikontrol oleh ECM, dan selanjutnya common rail system dapat mengontrol injection system secara tersendiri, bebas dari pengaruh kecepatan putaran mesin dan beban mesin. Pada kerja mesin yang mengalami kegagalan kerja maka akan terjadi penurunan tekanan, penurunan volume injeksi yang berakibat kurang tenaga mesin. Penanganan dari kerusakan yang ada dapat dilakukan perawatan secara pengambilan data secara menggunakan alat dan percobaan yang dilakukan.

Second Paper: The Effects of Physical Factors on Ignition Delay

1966 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
W-T. Lyn ◽  
E. Valdmanis
Keyword(s):  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Spray Form ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Compression Temperature

The effects of physical factors on ignition delay have been studied on a motored research engine using a single injection technique. The fuels used included a high cetane number reference fuel, gas oil and M.T. 80 petrol. The primary factors investigated are those pertaining to the fuel spray, such as injection timing, quantity, and pressure (affecting drop size, velocity and injection rate); hole diameter (affecting drop size and injection rate) and spray form (nozzle type); and those pertaining to the engine, such as temperature, pressure and air velocity. Engine operating variables such as speed and load affect the ignition delay because they change the primary factors such as injection pressure, compression temperature, pressure and air velocity. It has been found that under normal running conditions, compression temperature and pressure are the major factors. All other factors have only secondary effects. Under starting conditions, when ignition is marginal, mixture formation becomes as important as compression temperature and pressure. Such factors as air velocity and spray form which affect the mixing pattern can have a very pronounced effect on ignition delay. Published data on ignition delay are compared with those obtained in the present investigation and a generalization of the data is recommended for engine design and computational work.

The Research of Lean Combustion Characteristic of Compound Injection System of Direct Injection Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Feng Mou ◽  
Rui Qing Chen ◽  
Yi Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combustion Characteristic ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Direct Injection Engine ◽  
Lean Combustion

This paper studies the lean burn limit characteristic of the compound injection system of the direct-injection gasoline engine. The low pressure nozzle on the intake manifold can achieve quality homogeneous lean mixture, and the direct injection in the cylinder can realized the dense mixture gas near the spark plug. By adjusting the two injection timing and injection quantity, and a strong intake tumble flow with special shaped combustion chamber, it can produces the reverse tumble to form different hierarchical levels of mixed gas in the cylinder. Experimental results show: the compound combustion system to the original direct-injection engine lean burn limit raise 1.8-2.5 AFR unit.

scholarly journals Influence of the diesel pilot injector configuration on ethanol combustion and performance of a heavy-duty direct injection engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110012
Author(s):  
Nicola Giramondi ◽  
Anders Jäger ◽  
Daniel Norling ◽  
Anders Christiansen Erlandsson
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
High Load ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Diesel Combustion ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Ethanol Combustion

Thanks to its properties and production pathways, ethanol represents a valuable alternative to fossil fuels, with potential benefits in terms of CO2, NOx, and soot emission reduction. The resistance to autoignition of ethanol necessitates an ignition trigger in compression-ignition engines for heavy-duty applications, which in the current study is a diesel pilot injection. The simultaneous direct injection of pure ethanol as main fuel and diesel as pilot fuel through separate injectors is experimentally investigated in a heavy-duty single cylinder engine at a low and a high load point. The influence of the nozzle hole number and size of the diesel pilot injector on ethanol combustion and engine performance is evaluated based on an injection timing sweep using three diesel injector configurations. The tested configurations have the same geometric total nozzle area for one, two and four diesel sprays. The relative amount of ethanol injected is swept between 78 – 89% and 91 – 98% on an energy basis at low and high load, respectively. The results show that mixing-controlled combustion of ethanol is achieved with all tested diesel injector configurations and that the maximum combustion efficiency and variability levels are in line with conventional diesel combustion. The one-spray diesel injector is the most robust trigger for ethanol ignition, as it allows to limit combustion variability and to achieve higher combustion efficiencies compared to the other diesel injector configurations. However, the two- and four-spray diesel injectors lead to higher indicated efficiency levels. The observed difference in the ethanol ignition dynamics is evaluated and compared to conventional diesel combustion. The study broadens the knowledge on ethanol mixing-controlled combustion in heavy-duty engines at various operating conditions, providing the insight necessary for the optimization of the ethanol-diesel dual-injection system.

Careful Parameter Study to Enhance the Effect of Injecting Heavy Fuel Oil Into a Crossflow Using Numerical Approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Darbandi ◽  
Ali Fatin ◽  
Gerry E. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Spray Characteristics

The flow and spray parameters can have noticeable roles in heavy fuel oil (HFO) spray finesse. As known, the interaction between droplets and cross flow should be considered carefully in many different industrial applications such as the process burners and gas turbine combustors. So, it would be so important to investigate the effect of injecting HFO into a crossflow more subtly. In this work, the effects of various flow and spray parameters on the droplet breakup and dispersion parameters are investigated numerically using the finite-volume-element method. The numerical method consists of a number of different models to predict the droplets breakup and their dispersion into a cross flow including the spray-turbulence interaction one. An Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, which suitably models the interaction between the droplets and turbulence, and also models the droplets secondary breakup is used to investigate the interactions between the flow and the droplet behaviors. After validating the computational method via comparing them with the data provided by the past researches, four test cases with varying swirl number, air axial velocity, droplet size, and fuel injection velocity are examined to find out the effects of preceding parameters on some spray characteristics including the droplets path, sauter mean diameter (SMD), and dispersed phase mass concentration. The results show that the droplets inertia and the flow velocity magnitude have significant effects on spray characteristics. As the droplets become more massive, the deflection of spray in flow direction becomes less. Also, increasing of flow velocity causes more deflection for sprays with the same droplet sizes.

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