Brazilian Freight Rail Concessions Overview: Current Outcomes and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio C. Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Rail System ◽  
Greenfield Investments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Installed Capacity

The formerly public owned Brazilian Freight Rail System was under pressure in the middle nineties, mainly due to the revenue insufficiency, resulting from the government rate control policy and the inherent lack of investments, as well as the increasing funding requirements from the public budget. In this context, the system has been denationalized in the mid nineties, following a corridor format, with 11 regionalized concessions, with 30 year term contracts, running under a price-cap rate regime. The denationalization model has set contractual production and safety targets, which ultimately have indirectly set the required investments to comply with the contractual targets. The post denationalization scenario has allowed the rehabilitation of the former freight rail installed capacity, as a result of private investments on both rail network and rolling stock. The acknowledged freight rail system installed capacity recovery, followed by a profit guided management, have fostered the improvement of freight rail system’s performance, which ultimately have been translated into system’s production and safety enhancements. Albeit the huge advances observed during the first half of contract terms, there were some hurdles to be addressed, mainly the low interoperability/interchange rates, as well as the lack of greenfield investments, required for the necessary expansion of the Brazilian rail network. In this context, the regulatory authority has issued, in 2011, a rail regulatory package reform, focused on: i) interoperability improvement; ii) a widespread service coverage along the rail network (stretches production targets) and iii) a compilation of rail stakeholders (shippers and carriers) rights and obligations. The so called 2011 rail regulatory package has brought more transparency and equilibrium among shippers and carriers relationship, but has not addressed the lack of greenfield required rail investments, necessary to expand the freight rail share on Brazilian transport matrix. In this context, the Brazilian Government has proposed in 2012 the Freight Rail System Unbundling (Open Access Model), in which infrastructure managers would be in charge of providing rail capacity (with the guarantee of the demand risk covered by the Brazilian government) and granted rail operators allowed to operate on the network under a fee payment. However, the unbundled freight rail proposal has not evolved, mainly due to the lack of funding required to guarantee rail infrastructure managers return on investments, resulted from a strong fiscal crisis. Currently, the Brazilian Rail Regulatoy Authority is working on a proposal to extend the current (bundled) freight rail contracts, conditioned to contractual adjustments, focused on the imposition of mandatory investments for capacity improvement and interoperability enhancement. This work is supposed to present an overview of Brazilian Freight Rail System’s performance evolution since the denationalization process, followed by an assessment of the 2011 Rail Regulatory Reform, the 2012 Rail Unbunbled initiative attempt and the perspectives associated with the current freight rail bundled contract term extension proposal.

scholarly journals Diretrizes de Educação em Empreendedorismo no Setor Público: a Perspectiva das Escolas de Governo

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Alcielis Paula Neto ◽  
Magnus Luiz Emmendoerfer ◽  
Stela Cristina Hott Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Government

Objective: In the evolution process of Public Administration, the Government Schools have a preponderant role in reinvigorating the skills of civil servants who will have to deal with the transversal theme of entrepreneurship. Thus, this study aims to analyze the extent to which the Government Schools investigated potential guidelines for entrepreneurship education in the public sector.Method: An empirical qualitative-exploratory study was carried out, involving the multiple case study method, with three renowned Brazilian Government Schools of the executive branch at the three federative levels as the locus. In-depth interviews, guided by script, recorded, and transcribed, were carried out with the strategic representatives of these institutions, generating a corpus of textual analysis treated by the IRAMUTEQ software with the appropriate content analysis.Results: Developing entrepreneurship education guidelines in the public sector based on context constructs (macro, meso and micro); in the profile of the civil servant (student); entrepreneurial education; in the legal and regulatory framework; the adequacy of the infrastructure and the competence of the facilitator (teacher).Originality / Relevance: Analogously to a mix of educational planning instruments, there is a possibility to systematize educative training actions there are capable of favoring specific entrepreneurial andragogy for public employees.Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: Importance of demystifying the theme of entrepreneurship in the public sector, as well as observance of the role of Government Schools in the staff of modern and effective public management.Social / Managerial Contributions: Greater guarantees for generating public value through intrapreneurship that would re-signify the intra-organizational processes of government bodies.Keywords: Government Schools; Public Sector Entrepreneurship; Intrapreneurship; Entrepreneurship Education; Software Iramuteq.

scholarly journals Deadlines and Comprehensive Regulations

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jonathan Porat
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Regulatory Analysis

There is a large push by the United States government to improve the effectiveness and responsiveness of the US regulatory regime. Established proposals aim to improve US regulatory policy by making it easier for the public to use judicial review as a tool to respond to overly burdensome regulations. Much of the debate over the effectiveness of these proposals focuses on more visible regulatory outcomes. Unfortunately, the effect of judicial review on regulatory development is often overlooked. If judicial review promotes less comprehensive regulatory analysis through the presence of inflexible judicial deadlines, then regulatory reform promoting judicial review ironically may not prevent negative regulatory outcomes. This paper empirically measures whether regulations with judicial deadlines are developed less comprehensively than regulations with laxer statutory deadlines. This paper will determine how the differences in the development of regulations with judicial deadlines should influence the way that the government analyzes proposals for regulatory reform.

scholarly journals Regulation and Corruption: A Hidden Relationship

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Byung-Sun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Regulatory Structure ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Bureaucratic Corruption ◽  
The Public ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come

It is a non sequitur to attempt to combat political and bureaucratic corruption while leaving intact the existing regulatory structure and practices-the single-most important source of incentives to engage in corrupt activities for bothe private and public actors. Anti-corruption efforts will be self-defeating if they are made without keeping this fact clearly in mind. Unfortunately, however, this obvious fact is not well recognized. The lack of recognition can be found in the sidespread erroneous belief that all the government regulations exist to protect and enhance the public interest. This is emphatically not so. As abundant literature on rent-seeking or economic theory of regulation amply attests, a large chunkk of regulations has come into being as a result of self-interested attempts to appropriate economic rents, which must be created in the exercise of government's power over allocation of resources. Nevertheless, the efforts to put existing regulations under scrutiny from this perspective have been conspicuously lacking in the anti-corruption movement. Most importantly, we have to examine them whether they are of s uch a nature as to come into existence to promote particular actors' interest in disguise of public and general interest. In addition, we have to see whether they are simply mal-designed to encourage corruption at the stage of implementation. In this paper I will try to give pertinent examples of each with a particular reference to Korea, and strongly contend that anti-corruption should go hand in hand with regulatory reform, the emphasis of which should be placed on making regulations more market-conforming, transparent, and self-enforcing.

scholarly journals Stand against Poverty: An Interview with Thomas Pogge

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Melina Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
Thomas Pogge ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Gender

<p class="Normal1">In the following interview, Pogge focuses his attention on the situation in Brazil, a country that he says can exert its increasing influence on the design of global institutions. He anticipates the challenges coming for Brazil in combating poverty and gender disparities. He discusses the positive and negative aspects of the <em>Bolsa Família </em>programme, and he suggests that the government should extend its benefits to a larger proportion of the population in order to gain more support from the public. He believes the <em>Bolsa Família</em> programme is well-designed and that its implementation is essential to mitigating the absurd inequalities that so strongly polarize society and jeopardize democracy in Brazil. To distribute resources to the poor is not a question of charity, as it was considered in the old days, he explains. He finds no justification for affluent Brazilians to control all the country’s resources while the poor are deprived of their fair share. Pogge is also concerned that, owing to increasing capital mobility, globalization will tend to benefit Brazil’s rich, who also find it much easier to evade taxes. Therefore, in addition to the intervention of social programmes, Pogge recommends that the Brazilian government ensure that the country’s wealth is properly taxed and distributed.</p>

scholarly journals Localization of Praziquantel Production and Clonorchiasis Control Program in Korea, 1970s~1980s

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-354
Author(s):  
Jungje PARK ◽  
Junho JUNG
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Common System ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scale Control

The Korean parasite control program is regarded as one of the most successful examples of health care movement in Korea. This ‘Parasite Eradication Program’ which was conducted from 1969 to 1995, involved testing and treating of 300 million people. In cooperation with Japan, parasitologists and activists who participated in the parasite control program formed a common system called the ‘Mass Testing, Mass Treatment.’ This study focuses on the localization process of Praziquantel, Clonorchiasis treatment production and its application in Clonorchiasis control program. Parasitologists rapidly introduced newly developed Praziquantel, and Korean chemists quickly reverse engineered the compound to evade patent issues. This allowed for the mass production of Praziquantel at a lower price, which in turn enabled a nationwide Clonorchiasis control program. At the same time, low price and stable supply opened the private market for Praziquantel. However, acceptance and understanding of the Praziquantel differed significantly among the stakeholders. For the government, it was a means for policy propaganda, and for the health agencies, it was a means for mass scale control program, while for the public, it was a means for maintaining conventional eating habits without risk of infection. This study reveals how the material end of a disease control policy is accepted and interpreted by different actors.

Pelaksanaan Jaminan Kesehatan Oleh BPJS Kesehatan Dalam Perspektif Syariah

Liquidity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Iwan Subandi ◽  
Fathurrahman Djamil
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Health Support ◽  
The Government

Health is the basic right for everybody, therefore every citizen is entitled to get the health care. In enforcing the regulation for Jaringan Kesehatan Nasional (National Health Supports), it is heavily influenced by the foreign interests. Economically, this program does not reduce the people’s burdens, on the contrary, it will increase them. This means the health supports in which should place the government as the guarantor of the public health, but the people themselves that should pay for the health care. In the realization of the health support the are elements against the Syariah principles. Indonesian Muslim Religious Leaders (MUI) only say that the BPJS Kesehatan (Sosial Support Institution for Health) does not conform with the syariah. The society is asked to register and continue the participation in the program of Social Supports Institution for Health. The best solution is to enforce the mechanism which is in accordance with the syariah principles. The establishment of BPJS based on syariah has to be carried out in cooperation from the elements of Social Supports Institution (BPJS), Indonesian Muslim Religious (MUI), Financial Institution Authorities, National Social Supports Council, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Finance. Accordingly, the Social Supports Institution for Helath (BPJS Kesehatan) based on syariah principles could be obtained and could became the solution of the polemics in the society.

PROBLEMS CAUSED BY SMALL PIG FARM ODOR AROUND THE WESTERN SONGKHLA LAKE BASIN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Papontee Teeraphan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Proper Solutions

Pollution is currently a significant issue arising awareness throughout the world. In Thailand, pollution can often be seen in any part of the country. Air pollution is pointed as an urgent problem. This pollution has not damaged only to human health and lives, it has destroyed environment, and possibly leading to violence. In Phattalung, air pollution is affecting to the residents’ lives. Especially, when the residents who are mostly agriculturists have not managed the waste resulted from the farm. In Phattalung, at the moment, there are many pig farms, big and small. Some of them are only for consuming for a family, some, however, are being consumed for the business which pigs will be later purchased by big business companies. Therefore, concerning pollution, the researcher and the fund giver were keen to focus on the points of the air pollution of the small pig farms. This is because it has been said that those farms have not been aware on the pollution issue caused by the farms. Farm odor is very interesting which can probably lead to following problems. The researcher also hopes that this research can be used as a source of information by the government offices in order to be made even as a policy or a proper legal measurement. As the results, the study shows that, first, more than half of the samples had smelled the farm odor located nearby their communities, though it had not caused many offenses. Second, the majority had decided not to act or response in order to solve the odor problem, but some of them had informed the officers. The proper solutions in reducing offenses caused by pig farm odor were negotiation and mediation. Last, the majority does not perceive about the process under the Public Health Act B.E. 2535.

Verán ustedes las chozas más humildes. El discurso de pobreza en la diplomacia pública cardenista dirigida a Estados Unidos

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-281
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dümmer Scheel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Deal ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lazaro Cardenas ◽  
The New Deal

El artículo analiza la diplomacia pública del gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas centrándose en su opción por publicitar la pobreza nacional en el extranjero, especialmente en Estados Unidos. Se plantea que se trató de una estrategia inédita, que accedió a poner en riesgo el “prestigio nacional” con el fin de justificar ante la opinión pública estadounidense la necesidad de implementar las reformas contenidas en el Plan Sexenal. Aprovechando la inusual empatía hacia los pobres en tiempos del New Deal, se construyó una imagen específica de pobreza que fuera higiénica y redimible. Ésta, sin embargo, no generó consenso entre los mexicanos. This article analyzes the public diplomacy of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas, focusing on the administration’s decision to publicize the nation’s poverty internationally, especially in the United States. This study suggests that this was an unprecedented strategy, putting “national prestige” at risk in order to explain the importance of implementing the reforms contained in the Six Year Plan, in the face of public opinion in the United States. Taking advantage of the increased empathy felt towards the poor during the New Deal, a specific image of hygienic and redeemable poverty was constructed. However, this strategy did not generate agreement among Mexicans.

Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penilai Publik terhadap Laporan Penilaian Kegiatan Pengadaan Tanah bagi Pembangunan untuk Kepentingan Umum (Studi Atas Kantor Jasa Penilai Publik Toto Suharto)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagah Yaumiyya Riyoprakoso ◽  
AM Hasan Ali ◽  
Fitriyani Zein
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Systematic Explanation

This study is based on the legal responsibility of the assessment of public appraisal reports they make in land procurement activities for development in the public interest. Public assessment is obliged to always be accountable for their assessment. The type of research found in this thesis is a type of normative legal research with the right-hand of the statue approach and case approach. Normative legal research is a study that provides systematic explanation of rules governing a certain legal category, analyzing the relationship between regulations explaining areas of difficulty and possibly predicting future development. . After conducting research, researchers found that one of the causes that made the dispute was a lack of communication conducted between the Government and the landlord. In deliberation which should be the place where the parties find the meeting point between the parties on the magnitude of the damages that will be given, in the field is often used only for the delivery of the assessment of the compensation that has been done.

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

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